FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 296:67-70 January 13, 1977 Number 2 Next

	Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

Abstract

In a cohort of 50,282 pregnancies 19 children with cardiovascular defects were born to 1042 women who received female hormones during early pregnancy (18.2 per 1000). Among 49,240 children not exposed in utero to these agents there were 385 with cardiovascular malformations (7.8 per 1000). Six children with cardiovascular defects were born to a sub-group of 278 women who used oral contraceptives during early pregnancy (21.5 per 1000). After the data were controlled for a wide variety of potentially confounding factors by multivariate methods, the association between in utero exposure to female hormones and cardiovascular birth defects was statistically significant.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Jenkins, K. J., Correa, A., Feinstein, J. A., Botto, L., Britt, A. E., Daniels, S. R., Elixson, M., Warnes, C. A., Webb, C. L. (2007). Noninherited Risk Factors and Congenital Cardiovascular Defects: Current Knowledge: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young: Endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation 115: 2995-3014 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Menon, R., Fortunato, S. J., Thorsen, P., Williams, S. (2006). Genetic Associations in Preterm Birth: A Primer of Marker Selection, Study Design, and Data Analysis. Reproductive Sciences 13: 531-541 [Abstract]  
• Milosevic-Thordevic, O., Grujicic, D., Marinkovic, D., Arsenijevic, S., Bankovic, S. (2003). Effect of various doses of gestogens on micronuclei frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytes of pregnant women. Hum Reprod 18: 433-436 [Abstract] [Full Text]