FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 307:1481-1486 December 9, 1982 Number 24 Next

	Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

Abstract

We evaluated the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine (Heptavax-B) containing only the ad subtype in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial among 865 staff members of 43 hemodialysis units in the United States. Surface antibody developed in 92.6 per cent of the subjects after two doses of vaccine and in 96 per cent after the six-month booster. The incidence of infections with hepatitis B virus (with or without hepatitis) was 9.9 per cent in placebo recipients and 2.2 per cent in vaccine recipients (P less than 0.01). The two cases of hepatitis B among vaccine recipients did not occur in subjects in whom antibody had developed. In 81 per cent of the hepatitis events, the virus was of the ay subtype. The indicence of ay virus was 8.2 per cent among placebo recipients and 1.2 per cent among vaccine recipients (P less than 0.005). We conclude that these data confirm the efficacy of the vaccine and demonstrate subtype cross-protection.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Kim, H N, Harrington, R D, Crane, H M, Dhanireddy, S, Dellit, T H, Spach, D H (2009). Hepatitis B vaccination in HIV-infected adults: current evidence, recommendations and practical considerations. Int J STD AIDS 20: 595-600 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kim, H N., Harrington, R. D, Rompaey, S. E V., Kitahata, M. M (2008). Independent clinical predictors of impaired response to hepatitis B vaccination in HIV-infected persons. Int J STD AIDS 19: 600-604 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kong, Q., Richter, L., Yang, Y. F., Arntzen, C. J., Mason, H. S., Thanavala, Y. (2001). Oral immunization with hepatitis B surface antigen expressed in transgenic plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 10.1073/pnas.191617598v1 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Walsh, K, Alexander, G J M (2001). Update on chronic viral hepatitis. Postgrad. Med. J. 77: 498-505 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Verrier, F., Burda, S., Belshe, R., Duliege, A.-M., Excler, J.-L., Klein, M., Zolla-Pazner, S. (2000). A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prime-Boost Immunization Regimen in Humans Induces Antibodies That Show Interclade Cross-Reactivity and Neutralize Several X4-, R5-, and Dualtropic Clade B and C Primary Isolates. J. Virol. 74: 10025-10033 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cleveland, J.L., Siew, C., Lockwood, S.A., Gruninger, S.E., Chang, S.-B., Neidle, E.A., Russell, C.M. (1994). Factors Associated with Hepatitis B Vaccine Response Among Dentists. JDR 73: 1029-1035 [Abstract]  
• Grosheide, P. M., del Canho, R., Heijtink, R. A., Nuijten, A. S. M., Zwijnenberg, J., Banffer, J. R. J., Wladimiroff, Y. W., Botman, M. J., Mazel, J. A., de Gast, G. C., Christiaens, G. C. M. L., Gerards, L. J., Fetter, W. P. F., Baerts, W., Schalm, S. W. (1993). Passive-Active Immunization in Infants of Hepatitis Be Antigen-Positive Mothers: Comparison of the Efficacy of Early and Delayed Active Immunization. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 147: 1316-1320 [Abstract]  
• Halliday, M. L., Rankin, J. G., Bristow, N. J., Coates, R. A., Corey, P. N. J., Strickler, A. C. (1990). A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial of a Mammalian Cell-Derived Recombinant DNA Hepatitis B Vaccine Compared With a Plasma-Derived Vaccine. Arch Intern Med 150: 1195-1200 [Abstract]  
• Hicks, R. A., Cullen, J. W., Jackson, M. A., Burry, V. F. (1989). Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine: Cost-Benefit Analysis of its Use in a Children's Hospital. CLIN PEDIATR 28: 359-365 [Abstract]  
• Regan, L. S. (1989). Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in High-Risk Individuals: A Clinical Review. Arch Intern Med 149: 1741-1744 [Abstract]  
• Wainwright, R. B., McMahon, B. J., Bulkow, L. R., Hall, D. B., Fitzgerald, M. A., Harpster, A. P., Hadler, S. C., Lanier, A. P., Heyward, W. L. (1989). Duration of Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Hepatitis B Vaccine in a Yupik Eskimo Population. JAMA 261: 2362-2366 [Abstract]  
• Kuo, G, Choo, Q., Alter, H., Gitnick, G., Redeker, A., Purcell, R., Miyamura, T, Dienstag, J., Alter, M., Stevens, C., et, al. (1989). An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 244: 362-364 [Abstract]  
• Reese, C. E., Ockner, R. K. (1989). Prevention of Hepatitis B in Surgeons and Their Patients. PERSPECT VASC SURG ENDOVASC THER 2: 138-147  
• HOROWITZ, M. M., ERSHLER, W. B., MCKINNEY, W. P., BATTIOLA, R. J. (1988). Duration of Immunity After Hepatitis B Vaccination: Efficacy of Low-Dose Booster Vaccine. ANN INTERN MED 108: 185-189 [Abstract]  
• Hollinger, F. B. (1987). Hepatitis B Vaccines--to Switch or Not to Switch. JAMA 257: 2634-2636 [Abstract]  
• CRAVEN, D. E., AWDEH, Z. L., KUNCHES, L. M., YUNIS, E. J., DIENSTAG, J. L., WERNER, B. G., POLK, B. F., SNYDMAN, D. R., PLATT, R., CRUMPACKER, C. S., GRADY, G. F., ALPER, C. A. (1986). Nonresponsiveness to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Health Care Workers: Results of Revaccination and Genetic Typings. ANN INTERN MED 105: 356-360 [Abstract]  
• Weber, D. J., Rutala, W. A., Samsa, G. P., Santimaw, J. E., Lemon, S. M. (1985). Obesity as a Predictor of Poor Antibody Response to Hepatitis B Plasma Vaccine. JAMA 254: 3187-3189 [Abstract]  
• Alter, M. J., Favero, M. S., Maynard, J. E. (1985). Hepatitis B Vaccine Use in Chronic Hemodialysis Centers in the United States. JAMA 254: 3200-3202 [Abstract]  
• Stevens, C. E., Toy, P. T., Tong, M. J., Taylor, P. E., Vyas, G. N., Nair, P. V., Gudavalli, M., Krugman, S. (1985). Perinatal Hepatitis B Virus Transmission in the United States: Prevention by Passive-Active Immunization. JAMA 253: 1740-1745 [Abstract]  
• Lelie, P. N., Reesink, H. W., de Jong-van Manen, S. Th., Dees, P. J., Reerink-Brongers, E. E. (1985). Immune Response to a Heat-Inactivated Hepatitis B Vaccine in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: Enhancement of the Response by Increasing the Dose of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen From 3 to 27 {micro}g. Arch Intern Med 145: 305-309 [Abstract]  
• Gill, T. J. III, Jenkins, D. E. Jr (1984). The Australia Antigen. JAMA 252: 258-260 [Abstract]  
• DIENSTAG, J. L., WERNER, B. G., POLK, B. F., SNYDMAN, D. R., CRAVEN, D. E., PLATT, R., CRUMPACKER, C. S., OUELLET-HELLSTROM, R., GRADY, G. F. (1984). Hepatitis B Vaccine in Health Care Personnel: Safety, lmmunogenicity, and Indicators of Efficacy. ANN INTERN MED 101: 34-40 [Abstract]  
• Scolnick, E. M., McLean, A. A., West, D. J., McAleer, W. J., Miller, W. J., Buynak, E. B. (1984). Clinical Evaluation in Healthy Adults of a Hepatitis B Vaccine Made by Recombinant DNA. JAMA 251: 2812-2815 [Abstract]  
• Neurath, A., Kent, S., Strick, N (1984). Location and chemical synthesis of a pre-S gene coded immunodominant epitope of hepatitis B virus. Science 224: 392-395 [Abstract]  
• Hamilton, J. D. (1983). Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine: An Analysis of Its Potential Use in Medical Workers. JAMA 250: 2145-2150 [Abstract]  
• Kong, Q., Richter, L., Yang, Y. F., Arntzen, C. J., Mason, H. S., Thanavala, Y. (2001). Oral immunization with hepatitis B surface antigen expressed in transgenic plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 11539-11544 [Abstract] [Full Text]