FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 308:242-245 February 3, 1983 Number 5 Next

	Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

Abstract

We studied the relation in Pima Indians between obesity in children and diabetes during pregnancy in their mothers. Sixty-eight children of 49 women who had had diabetes during pregnancy had a higher prevalence of obesity than 541 children of 134 women who subsequently had diabetes (prediabetics) or than 1326 children of 446 women who remained nondiabetic. At 15 to 19 years of age, 58 per cent of the offspring of diabetics weighed 140 per cent or more of their desirable weight, as compared with 17 per cent of the offspring of nondiabetics and 25 per cent of those of prediabetics (P less than 0.001). Obesity in the offspring was directly related to maternal diabetes, since the association was not substantially confounded by maternal obesity. The findings strongly suggest that the prenatal environment of the offspring of diabetic women results in the development of obesity in childhood and early adulthood.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Coustan, D. R. (2008). A 40-Year-Old Woman With Diabetes Contemplating Pregnancy After Gastric Bypass Surgery. JAMA 299: 2550-2557 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lawlor, D. A, Smith, G. D., Kivimaki, M. (2008). Reply to TJ Cole et al. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87: 1536-1537 [Full Text]  
• Lawrence, J. M., Contreras, R., Chen, W., Sacks, D. A. (2008). Trends in the Prevalence of Preexisting Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Population of Pregnant Women, 1999-2005. Diabetes Care 31: 899-904 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ingram, D. A., Lien, I. Z., Mead, L. E., Estes, M., Prater, D. N., Derr-Yellin, E., DiMeglio, L. A., Haneline, L. S. (2008). In Vitro Hyperglycemia or a Diabetic Intrauterine Environment Reduces Neonatal Endothelial Colony-Forming Cell Numbers and Function. Diabetes 57: 724-731 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Franks, P. W., Hanson, R. L., Knowler, W. C., Moffett, C., Enos, G., Infante, A. M., Krakoff, J., Looker, H. C. (2007). Childhood Predictors of Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 56: 2964-2972 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Davey Smith, G., Steer, C., Leary, S., Ness, A. (2007). Is there an intrauterine influence on obesity? Evidence from parent child associations in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Arch. Dis. Child. 92: 876-880 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hillier, T. A., Pedula, K. L., Schmidt, M. M., Mullen, J. A., Charles, M.-A., Pettitt, D. J. (2007). Childhood Obesity and Metabolic Imprinting: The ongoing effects of maternal hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care 30: 2287-2292 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pavkov, M. E., Hanson, R. L., Knowler, W. C., Bennett, P. H., Krakoff, J., Nelson, R. G. (2007). Changing Patterns of Type 2 Diabetes Incidence Among Pima Indians. Diabetes Care 30: 1758-1763 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Han, J., Xu, J., Long, Y. S., Epstein, P. N., Liu, Y. Q. (2007). Rat maternal diabetes impairs pancreatic beta-cell function in the offspring. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 293: E228-E236 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ferrara, A. (2007). Increasing Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A public health perspective. Diabetes Care 30: S141-S146 [Full Text]  
• Dabelea, D. (2007). The Predisposition to Obesity and Diabetes in Offspring of Diabetic Mothers. Diabetes Care 30: S169-S174 [Full Text]  
• Harder, T., Rodekamp, E., Schellong, K., Dudenhausen, J. W., Plagemann, A. (2007). Birth Weight and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. Am J Epidemiol 165: 849-857 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Thomas, C., Hypponen, E., Power, C. (2007). Prenatal Exposures and Glucose Metabolism in Adulthood: Are effects mediated through birth weight and adiposity?. Diabetes Care 30: 918-924 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mayer-Davis, E. J., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Zhou, L., Hu, F. B., Colditz, G. A., Gillman, M. W. (2006). Breast-Feeding and Risk for Childhood Obesity: Does maternal diabetes or obesity status matter?. Diabetes Care 29: 2231-2237 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fetita, L.-S., Sobngwi, E., Serradas, P., Calvo, F., Gautier, J.-F. (2006). Consequences of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Diabetes in Offspring. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91: 3718-3724 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Westgate, J. A., Lindsay, R. S., Beattie, J., Pattison, N. S., Gamble, G., Mildenhall, L. F.J., Breier, B. H., Johnstone, F. D. (2006). Hyperinsulinemia in Cord Blood in Mothers With Type 2 Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in New Zealand.. Diabetes Care 29: 1345-1350 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Franks, P. W., Looker, H. C., Kobes, S., Touger, L., Tataranni, P. A., Hanson, R. L., Knowler, W. C. (2006). Gestational Glucose Tolerance and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Young Pima Indian Offspring. Diabetes 55: 460-465 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Min, Y., Lowy, C., Ghebremeskel, K., Thomas, B., Offley-Shore, B., Crawford, M. (2005). Unfavorable effect of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on maternal and fetal essential fatty acid status: a potential marker of fetal insulin resistance. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82: 1162-1168 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Adams, A. K, Harvey, H. E, Prince, R. J (2005). Association of maternal smoking with overweight at age 3 y in American Indian children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82: 393-398 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rodekamp, E., Harder, T., Kohlhoff, R., Franke, K., Dudenhausen, J. W., Plagemann, A. (2005). Long-Term Impact of Breast-Feeding on Body Weight and Glucose Tolerance in Children of Diabetic Mothers: Role of the late neonatal period and early infancy. Diabetes Care 28: 1457-1462 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Touger, L., Looker, H. C., Krakoff, J., Lindsay, R. S., Cook, V., Knowler, W. C. (2005). Early Growth in Offspring of Diabetic Mothers. Diabetes Care 28: 585-589 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fahrenkrog, S., Harder, T., Stolaczyk, E., Melchior, K., Franke, K., Dudenhausen, J. W., Plagemann, A. (2004). Cross-Fostering to Diabetic Rat Dams Affects Early Development of Mediobasal Hypothalamic Nuclei Regulating Food Intake, Body Weight, and Metabolism. J. Nutr. 134: 648-654 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Holemans, K., Aerts, L., Van Assche, F. A. (2003). Fetal Growth Restriction and Consequences for the Offspring in Animal Models. Reproductive Sciences 10: 392-399 [Abstract]  
• Lindsay, R. S., Walker, J. D., Havel, P. J., Hamilton, B. A., Calder, A. A., Johnstone, F. D. (2003). Adiponectin Is Present in Cord Blood but Is Unrelated to Birth Weight. Diabetes Care 26: 2244-2249 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2003). Diabetes Issues in Women and Children: Polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Care 26: 2457-2463 [Full Text]  
• Thamotharan, M., McKnight, R. A., Thamotharan, S., Kao, D. J., Devaskar, S. U. (2003). Aberrant insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation predicts glucose intolerance in the offspring of a diabetic mother. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 284: E901-E914 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lindsay, R. S., Walker, J. D., Halsall, I., Hales, C. N., Calder, A. A., Hamilton, B. A., Johnstone, F. D. (2003). Insulin and Insulin Propeptides at Birth in Offspring of Diabetic Mothers. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88: 1664-1671 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Salbe, A. D., Weyer, C., Lindsay, R. S., Ravussin, E., Tataranni, P. A. (2002). Assessing Risk Factors for Obesity Between Childhood and Adolescence: I. Birth Weight, Childhood Adiposity, Parental Obesity, Insulin, and Leptin. Pediatrics 110: 299-306 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Salbe, A. D., Weyer, C., Harper, I., Lindsay, R. S., Ravussin, E., Tataranni, P. A. (2002). Assessing Risk Factors for Obesity Between Childhood and Adolescence: II. Energy Metabolism and Physical Activity. Pediatrics 110: 307-314 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Boloker, J., Gertz, S. J., Simmons, R. A. (2002). Gestational Diabetes Leads to the Development of Diabetes in Adulthood in the Rat. Diabetes 51: 1499-1506 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Raman, R. P. (2002). Obesity and Health Risks. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 21: 134S-139 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Plagemann, A., Harder, T., Franke, K., Kohlhoff, R. (2002). Long-Term Impact of Neonatal Breast-Feeding on Body Weight and Glucose Tolerance in Children of Diabetic Mothers. Diabetes Care 25: 16-22 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jovanovic, L., Pettitt, D. J. (2001). Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. JAMA 286: 2516-2518 [Full Text]  
• Lindsay, R. S, Bennett, P. H (2001). Type 2 diabetes, the thrifty phenotype - an overview. Br Med Bull 60: 21-32 [Full Text]  
• Merzouk, H., Madani, S., Boualga, A., Prost, J., Bouchenak, M., Belleville, J. (2001). Age-related changes in cholesterol metabolism in macrosomic offspring of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J. Lipid Res. 42: 1152-1159 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Merzouk, H, Bouchenak, M, Loukidi, B, Madani, S, Prost, J, Belleville, J (2000). Fetal macrosomia related to maternal poorly controlled type 1 diabetes strongly impairs serum lipoprotein concentrations and composition. J. Clin. Pathol. 53: 917-923 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• SCHMIDT, I., SCHOELCH, C., ZISKA, T., SCHNEIDER, D., SIMON, E., PLAGEMANN, A. (2000). Interaction of genetic and environmental programming of the leptin system and of obesity disposition. Physiol. Genomics 3: 113-120 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kjos, S. L., Buchanan, T. A. (1999). Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. NEJM 341: 1749-1756 [Full Text]  
• Cook, V.V., Hurley, J.S. (1998). Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Childhood. CLIN PEDIATR 37: 123-129 [Abstract]  
• Whitaker, R. C., Pepe, M. S., Seidel, K. D., Wright, J. A., Knopp, R. H. (1998). Gestational Diabetes and the Risk of Offspring Obesity. Pediatrics 101 : e9-e9 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dietz, W. H. (1997). Periods of Risk in Childhood for the Development of Adult Obesity --- What Do We Need to Learn?. J. Nutr. 127: 1884-1884 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Singh, B. S., Westfall, T. C., Devaskar, S. U. (1997). Maternal Diabetes-Induced Hyperglycemia and Acute Intracerebral Hyperinsulinism Suppress Fetal Brain Neuropeptide Y Concentrations. Endocrinology 138: 963-969 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McCance, D R, Pettitt, D J, Hanson, R L, Jacobsson, L T H, Knowler, W C, Bennett, P H (1994). Birth weight and non-insulin dependent diabetes: thrifty genotype, thrifty phenotype, or surviving small baby genotype?. BMJ 308: 942-945 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ferrara, A., Kahn, H. S., Quesenberry, C. P., Riley, C., Hedderson, M. M. (1991). An Increase in the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Northern California, 1991-2000. Obstet Gynecol 103: 526-533 [Abstract] [Full Text]