Between May 1979 and April 1983, 18 previously healthy African patients were hospitalized in Belgium with opportunistic infections (cryptococcosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, central-nervous-system toxoplasmosis, progressive cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, candidiasis, or cryptosporidiosis) or Kaposi's sarcoma, or with both. Ten of them died. During the same period five other patients were hospitalized with an illness consistent with a prodrome of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (chronic lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss, and diarrhea). All patients tested had a marked decrease in helper T cells; an inversion of the normal ratio of helper to suppressor T cells, and a decreased or absent blastogenic response of lymphocytes to mitogens. Twenty patients had anergy. There was no evidence of an underlying immunosuppressive disease and no history of blood-product transfusion, homosexuality, or intravenous-drug abuse. This syndrome in patients originating in Central Africa is similar to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome reported in American patients.
This article has been cited by other articles:
Beenhouwer, D. O., May, R. J., Valadon, P., Scharff, M. D.
(2002). High Affinity Mimotope of the Polysaccharide Capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans Identified from an Evolutionary Phage Peptide Library. J. Immunol.
169: 6992-6999
[Abstract][Full Text]
Beenhouwer, D. O., Shapiro, S., Feldmesser, M., Casadevall, A., Scharff, M. D.
(2001). Both Th1 and Th2 Cytokines Affect the Ability of Monoclonal Antibodies To Protect Mice against Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun.
69: 6445-6455
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cappello, M., Bernard, K. W., Jones, B., Francis, H., van der Vlugt, T.
(1991). Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Peace Corps Volunteers in Zaire: No Evidence for Unusual Modes of Transmission. Arch Intern Med
151: 1328-1330
[Abstract]
Haverkos, H. W., Edelman, R.
(1988). The Epidemiology of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Among Heterosexuals. JAMA
260: 1922-1929
[Abstract]
Coldiron, B. M., Freeman, R. G., Beaudoing, D. L.
(1988). Isolation of Adenovirus From a Granuloma Annulare-like Lesion in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Related Complex. Arch Dermatol
124: 654-655
[Abstract]
Castro, K. G., Lifson, A. R., White, C. R., Bush, T. J., Chamberland, M. E., Lekatsas, A. M., Jaffe, H. W.
(1988). Investigations of AIDS Patients With No Previously Identified Risk Factors. JAMA
259: 1338-1342
[Abstract]
POMERANTZ, R. J., de la MONTE, S. M., DONEGAN, S. P., ROTA, T. R., VOGT, M. W., CRAVEN, D. E., HIRSCH, M. S.
(1988). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection of the Uterine Cervix. ANN INTERN MED
108: 321-327
[Abstract]
Piot, P, Plummer, F., Mhalu, F., Lamboray, J., Chin, J, Mann, J.
(1988). AIDS: an international perspective. Science
239: 573-579
[Abstract]
Greenberg, A. E., Nguyen-Dinh, P., Mann, J. M., Kabote, N., Colebunders, R. L., Francis, H., Quinn, T. C., Baudoux, P., Lyamba, B., Davachi, F., Roberts, J. M., Kabeya, N., Curran, J. W., Campbell, C. C.
(1988). The Association Between Malaria, Blood Transfusions, and HIV Seropositivity in a Pediatric Population in Kinshasa, Zaire. JAMA
259: 545-549
[Abstract]
Gnann, J. Jr, McCormick, J., Mitchell, S, Nelson, J., Oldstone, M.
(1987). Synthetic peptide immunoassay distinguishes HIV type 1 and HIV type 2 infections. Science
237: 1346-1349
[Abstract]
Quinn, T. C., Piot, P., McCormick, J. B., Feinsod, F. M., Taelman, H., Kapita, B., Stevens, W., Fauci, A. S.
(1987). Serologic and Immunologic Studies in Patients With AIDS in North America and Africa: The Potential Role of Infectious Agents as Cofactors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. JAMA
257: 2617-2621
[Abstract]
The Collaborative Study Group of AIDS in Haitian-A,
(1987). Risk Factors for AIDS Among Haitians Residing in the United States: Evidence of Heterosexual Transmission. JAMA
257: 635-639
[Abstract]
Wellings, K.
(1987). Heterosexual spread of Aids: a challenge for health education. Health Education Journal
46: 143-147
[Abstract]
Quinn, T., Mann, J., Curran, J., Piot, P
(1986). AIDS in Africa: an epidemiologic paradigm. Science
234: 955-963
[Abstract]
Mann, J. M., Francis, H., Quinn, T., Asila, P. K., Bosenge, N., Nzilambi, N., Bila, K., Tamfum, M., Ruti, K., Piot, P., McCormick, J., Curran, J. W.
(1986). Surveillance for AIDS in a Central African City: Kinshasa, Zaire. JAMA
255: 3255-3259
[Abstract]
Kanki, P., Alroy, J, Essex, M
(1985). Isolation of T-lymphotropic retrovirus related to HTLV-III/LAV from wild-caught African green monkeys. Science
230: 951-954
[Abstract]
Clumeck, N., Robert-Guroff, M., Perre, P. V. D., Jennings, A., Sibomana, J., Demol, P., Cran, S., Gallo, R. C.
(1985). Seroepidemiological Studies of HTLV-III Antibody Prevalence Among Selected Groups of Heterosexual Africans. JAMA
254: 2599-2602
[Abstract]
BLATTNER, W. A., BIGGAR, R. J., WEISS, S. H., MELBYE, M., GOEDERT, J. J.
(1985). Epidemiology of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III and the Risk of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. ANN INTERN MED
103: 665-670
[Abstract]
BRUNET, J. B., ANCELLE, R. A.
(1985). The International Occurrence of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. ANN INTERN MED
103: 670-674
[Abstract]
PAPE, J. W., LIAUTAUD, B., THOMAS, F., MATHURIN, J.-R., ST. AMAND, M.-M. A., BONCY, M., PEAN, V., PAMPHILE, M., LAROCHE, A. C., DEHOVITZ, J., JOHNSON, W. D.
(1985). The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Haiti. ANN INTERN MED
103: 674-678
[Abstract]
GALLO, R. C., WONG-STAAL, F.
(1985). A Human T-Lymphotropic Retrovirus (HTLV-III) as the Cause of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. ANN INTERN MED
103: 679-689
[Abstract]
Curran, J., Morgan, W., Hardy, A., Jaffe, H., Darrow, W., Dowdle, W.
(1985). The epidemiology of AIDS: current status and future prospects. Science
229: 1352-1357
[Abstract]
Haverkos, H. W., Edelman, R.
(1985). Female-to-Male Transmission of AIDS. JAMA
254: 1035-1036
[Abstract]
Thiry, L, Sprecher-Goldberger, S, Jacquemin, P, Cogniaux, J, Burny, A, Bruck, C, Portetelle, D, Cran, S, Clumeck, N
(1985). Bovine leukemia virus-related antigens in lymphocyte cultures infected with AIDS-associated viruses. Science
227: 1482-1484
[Abstract]
Saxinger, W., Levine, P., Dean, A., de The, G, Lange-Wantzin, G, Moghissi, J, Laurent, F, Hoh, M, Sarngadharan, M., Gallo, R.
(1985). Evidence for exposure to HTLV-III in Uganda before 1973. Science
227: 1036-1038
[Abstract]
GROOPMAN, J. E., MAYER, K. H., SARNGADHARAN, M. G., AYOTTE, D., DEVICO, A. L., FINBERG, R., SLISKI, A. H., ALLAN, J. D., GALLO, R. C.
(1985). Seroepidemiology of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Among Homosexual Men with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or Generalized Lymphadenopathy and Among Asymptomatic Controls in Boston. ANN INTERN MED
102: 334-337
[Abstract]
GROOPMAN, J. E., SARNGADHARAN, M. G., SALAHUDDIN, S. Z., BUXBAUM, R., HUBERMAN, M. S., KINNIBURGH, J., SLISKI, A., McLANE, M. F., ESSEX, M., GALLO, R. C.
(1985). Apparent Transmission of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type III to a Heterosexual Woman with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. ANN INTERN MED
102: 63-66
[Abstract]
Groopman, J., Salahuddin, S., Sarngadharan, M., Markham, P., Gonda, M, Sliski, A, Gallo, R.
(1984). HTLV-III in saliva of people with AIDS-related complex and healthy homosexual men at risk for AIDS. Science
226: 447-449
[Abstract]
Council on Scientific Affairs,
(1984). The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Commentary. JAMA
252: 2037-2043
[Abstract]
Saxinger, W, Blattner, W., Levine, P., Clark, J, Biggar, R, Hoh, M, Moghissi, J, Jacobs, P, Wilson, L, Jacobson, R, et, al.
(1984). Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) antibodies in Africa. Science
225: 1473-1476
[Abstract]
Levy, J., Hoffman, A., Kramer, S., Landis, J., Shimabukuro, J., Oshiro, L.
(1984). Isolation of lymphocytopathic retroviruses from San Francisco patients with AIDS. Science
225: 840-842
[Abstract]
Popovic, M, Sarngadharan, M., Read, E, Gallo, R.
(1984). Detection, isolation, and continuous production of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS. Science
224: 497-500
[Abstract]
Previous
