We studied the clinical features and course (average follow-up time, 18 months) of 27 patients with acute dilated cardiomyopathy (symptoms for less than 6 months) who were referred for endomyocardial biopsy. Almost 40 per cent of the patients subsequently had a rise in left ventricular ejection fraction (on average, from 0.21 to 0.41) and substantial improvement in heart failure; the remainder died or had chronic dilated cardiomyopathy. Biopsy revealed myocarditis in 18 patients, and this finding was especially common (89 per cent) in patients who had been ill for less than four weeks. But the biopsy specimen was negative in four patients whose clinical features and later course were diagnostic of myocarditis. Nine patients received immunosuppressive drugs, and four improved--a rate that did not differ from the rate of spontaneous improvement. Neither the histologic features of the biopsy specimen nor the clinical features at presentation were clearly correlated with subsequent improvement, whether or not immunosuppressive drugs were given. We conclude that many cases of unexplained dilated cardiomyopathy result from myocarditis. Definitive histologic confirmation depends on the duration of illness. The efficacy of immunosuppressive treatment must still be established.
Cooper, L. T., Baughman, K. L., Feldman, A. M., Frustaci, A., Jessup, M., Kuhl, U., Levine, G. N., Narula, J., Starling, R. C., Towbin, J., Virmani, R.
(2007). The role of endomyocardial biopsy in the management of cardiovascular disease: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the European Society of Cardiology Endorsed by the Heart Failure Society of America and the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J
28: 3076-3093
[Full Text]
Cooper, L. T., Baughman, K. L., Feldman, A. M., Frustaci, A., Jessup, M., Kuhl, U., Levine, G. N., Narula, J., Starling, R. C., Towbin, J., Virmani, R.
(2007). The Role of Endomyocardial Biopsy in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the European Society of Cardiology Endorsed by the Heart Failure Society of America and the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol
50: 1914-1931
[Full Text]
Cooper, L. T., Baughman, K. L., Feldman, A. M., Frustaci, A., Jessup, M., Kuhl, U., Levine, G. N., Narula, J., Starling, R. C., Towbin, J., Virmani, R., Endorsed by the Heart Failure Society of America a,
(2007). The Role of Endomyocardial Biopsy in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the European Society of Cardiology. Circulation
116: 2216-2233
[Full Text]
Binymin, K. A.
(2007). Comment on: Adult-onset Still's disease and myocarditis: successful treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and maintenance of remission with etanercept. Rheumatology (Oxford)
46: 1741-1742
[Full Text]
Mahrholdt, H., Wagner, A., Deluigi, C. C., Kispert, E., Hager, S., Meinhardt, G., Vogelsberg, H., Fritz, P., Dippon, J., Bock, C. -T., Klingel, K., Kandolf, R., Sechtem, U.
(2006). Presentation, Patterns of Myocardial Damage, and Clinical Course of Viral Myocarditis. Circulation
114: 1581-1590
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bahl, A., Chongtham, D. S.
(2006). Atorvastatin in Nonischemic Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol
48: 1283-1283
[Full Text]
De Cobelli, F., Pieroni, M., Esposito, A., Chimenti, C., Belloni, E., Mellone, R., Canu, T., Perseghin, G., Gaudio, C., Maseri, A., Frustaci, A., Del Maschio, A.
(2006). Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Patients With Chronic Myocarditis Presenting With Heart Failure or Recurrent Arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol
47: 1649-1654
[Abstract][Full Text]
Magnani, J. W., Dec, G. W.
(2006). Myocarditis: Current Trends in Diagnosis and Treatment. Circulation
113: 876-890
[Full Text]
Baughman, K. L.
(2006). Diagnosis of Myocarditis: Death of Dallas Criteria. Circulation
113: 593-595
[Full Text]
Asaumi, Y., Yasuda, S., Morii, I., Kakuchi, H., Otsuka, Y., Kawamura, A., Sasako, Y., Nakatani, T., Nonogi, H., Miyazaki, S.
(2005). Favourable clinical outcome in patients with cardiogenic shock due to fulminant myocarditis supported by percutaneous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Eur Heart J
26: 2185-2192
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sheppard, R., Bedi, M., Kubota, T., Semigran, M. J., Dec, W., Holubkov, R., Feldman, A. M., Rosenblum, W. D., McTiernan, C. F., McNamara, D. M., for the IMAC Investigators,
(2005). Myocardial Expression of Fas and Recovery of Left Ventricular Function in Patients With Recent-Onset Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol
46: 1036-1042
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mann, D. L.
(2005). Determinants of Myocardial Recovery in Myocarditis: Has the Time Come for Molecular Fingerprinting?. J Am Coll Cardiol
46: 1043-1044
[Full Text]
Kuhl, U., Pauschinger, M., Noutsias, M., Seeberg, B., Bock, T., Lassner, D., Poller, W., Kandolf, R., Schultheiss, H.-P.
(2005). High Prevalence of Viral Genomes and Multiple Viral Infections in the Myocardium of Adults With "Idiopathic" Left Ventricular Dysfunction. Circulation
111: 887-893
[Abstract][Full Text]
Singh, J A, Woodard, P K, Davila-Roman, V G, Waggoner, A D, Gutierrez, F R, Zheng, J, Eisen, S A
(2005). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus: a preliminary report. Lupus
14: 137-144
[Abstract]
Mahrholdt, H., Goedecke, C., Wagner, A., Meinhardt, G., Athanasiadis, A., Vogelsberg, H., Fritz, P., Klingel, K., Kandolf, R., Sechtem, U.
(2004). Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Human Myocarditis: A Comparison to Histology and Molecular Pathology. Circulation
109: 1250-1258
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kuhl, U., Pauschinger, M., Bock, T., Klingel, K., Schwimmbeck, C. P. L., Seeberg, B., Krautwurm, L., Poller, W., Schultheiss, H.-P., Kandolf, R.
(2003). Parvovirus B19 Infection Mimicking Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation
108: 945-950
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bowles, N. E., Ni, J., Kearney, D. L., Pauschinger, M., Schultheiss, H.-P., McCarthy, R., Hare, J., Bricker, J. T., Bowles, K. R., Towbin, J. A.
(2003). Detection of viruses in myocardial tissues by polymerase chain reaction: evidence of adenovirus as a common cause of myocarditis in children and adults. J Am Coll Cardiol
42: 466-472
[Abstract][Full Text]
Frustaci, A., Chimenti, C., Calabrese, F., Pieroni, M., Thiene, G., Maseri, A.
(2003). Immunosuppressive Therapy for Active Lymphocytic Myocarditis: Virological and Immunologic Profile of Responders Versus Nonresponders. Circulation
107: 857-863
[Abstract][Full Text]
Klingel, K., Selinka, H.-C., Sauter, M., Bock, C.-T., Szalay, G., Kandolf, R.
(2002). Molecular mechanisms in enterovirus and parvovirus B19 associated myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Suppl
4: I8-I12
[Abstract]
Frustaci, A., Pieroni, M., Chimenti, C.
(2002). Immunosuppressive therapy in inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Suppl
4: I69-I72
[Abstract]
Kuhl, U., Pauschinger, M., Noutsias, M., Kapp, J.-F., Schultheiss, H.-P.
(2002). Diagnosis and treatment of patients with virus induced inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Suppl
4: I73-I80
[Abstract]
Hjalmarson, A., Fu, M., Mobini, R.
(2002). Who are the enemies? Inflammation and autoimmune mechanisms. Eur Heart J Suppl
4: G27-G32
[Abstract]
Frustaci, A., Cuoco, L., Chimenti, C., Pieroni, M., Fioravanti, G., Gentiloni, N., Maseri, A., Gasbarrini, G.
(2002). Celiac Disease Associated With Autoimmune Myocarditis. Circulation
105: 2611-2618
[Abstract][Full Text]
Watanabe, K., Takahashi, T., Nakazawa, M., Wahed, M. I. I., Fuse, K., Tanabe, N., Kodama, M., Aizawa, Y., Ashino, H., Tazawa, S.
(2002). Effects of Carvedilol on Cardiac Function and Cardiac Adrenergic Neuronal Damage in Rats with Dilated Cardiomyopathy. JNM
43: 531-535
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mahon, N. G., Madden, B. P., Caforio, A. L. P., Elliott, P. M., Haven, A. J., Keogh, B. E., Davies, M. J., McKenna, W. J.
(2002). Immunohistologic evidence of myocardial disease in apparently healthy relatives of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol
39: 455-462
[Abstract][Full Text]
Watanabe, K., Nakazawa, M., Fuse, K., Hanawa, H., Kodama, M., Aizawa, Y., Ohnuki, T., Gejyo, F., Maruyama, H., Miyazaki, J.-i.
(2001). Protection Against Autoimmune Myocarditis by Gene Transfer of Interleukin-10 by Electroporation. Circulation
104: 1098-1100
[Abstract][Full Text]
McNamara, D. M., Holubkov, R., Starling, R. C., Dec, G. W., Loh, E., Torre-Amione, G., Gass, A., Janosko, K., Tokarczyk, T., Kessler, P., Mann, D. L., Feldman, A. M.
(2001). Controlled Trial of Intravenous Immune Globulin in Recent-Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circulation
103: 2254-2259
[Abstract][Full Text]
D'Ambrosio, A, Patti, G, Manzoli, A, Sinagra, G, Di Lenarda, A, Silvestri, F, Di Sciascio, G
(2001). The fate of acute myocarditis between spontaneous improvement and evolution to dilated cardiomyopathy: a review. Heart
85: 499-504
[Full Text]
Hare, J.M., Baughman, K.L.
(2001). Fulminant and acute lymphocytic myocarditis: the prognostic value of clinicopathological classification. Eur Heart J
22: 269-270
Fuse, K., Kodama, M., Okura, Y., Ito, M., Hirono, S., Kato, K., Hanawa, H., Aizawa, Y.
(2000). Predictors of Disease Course in Patients With Acute Myocarditis. Circulation
102: 2829-2835
[Abstract][Full Text]
Feldman, A. M., McNamara, D.
(2000). Myocarditis. NEJM
343: 1388-1398
[Full Text]
Angelini, A, Calzolari, V, Calabrese, F, Boffa, G M, Maddalena, F, Chioin, R, Thiene, G
(2000). Myocarditis mimicking acute myocardial infarction: role of endomyocardial biopsy in the differential diagnosis. Heart
84: 245-250
[Abstract][Full Text]
Felker, G. M., Boehmer, J. P., Hruban, R. H., Hutchins, G. M., Kasper, E. K., Baughman, K. L., Hare, J. M.
(2000). Echocardiographic findings in fulminant and acute myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol
36: 227-232
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jett, G. K.
(2000). Invited commentary. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
70: 282-283
[Full Text]
McCarthy, R. E., Boehmer, J. P., Hruban, R. H., Hutchins, G. M., Kasper, E. K., Hare, J. M., Baughman, K. L.
(2000). Long-Term Outcome of Fulminant Myocarditis as Compared with Acute (Nonfulminant) Myocarditis. NEJM
342: 690-695
[Abstract][Full Text]
Houel, R., Vermes, E., Tixier, D. B., Le Besnerais, P., Benhaiem-Sigaux, N., Loisance, D. Y.
(1999). Myocardial recovery after mechanical support for acute myocarditis: is sustained recovery predictable?. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
68: 2177-2180
[Abstract][Full Text]
Naqvi, T. Z., Goel, R. K., Forrester, J. S., Siegel, R. J.
(1999). Myocardial contractile reserve on dobutamine echocardiography predicts late spontaneous improvement in cardiac function in patients with recent onset idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol
34: 1537-1544
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schulze, K., Witzenbichler, B., Christmann, C., Schultheiss, H.-P.
(1999). Disturbance of myocardial energy metabolism in experimental virus myocarditis by antibodies against the adenine nucleotide translocator. Cardiovasc Res
44: 91-100
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lee, K J, McCrindle, B W, Bohn, D J, Wilson, G J, Taylor, G P, Freedom, R M, Smallhorn, J F, Benson, L N
(1999). Clinical outcomes of acute myocarditis in childhood. Heart
82: 226-233
[Abstract][Full Text]
Stiller, B, Dahnert, I, Weng, Y G, Hennig, E, Hetzer, R, Lange, P E
(1999). Children may survive severe myocarditis with prolonged use of biventricular assist devices. Heart
82: 237-240
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mancini, D. M., Beniaminovitz, A., Levin, H., Catanese, K., Flannery, M., DiTullio, M., Savin, S., Cordisco, M. E., Rose, E., Oz, M.
(1998). Low Incidence of Myocardial Recovery After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Circulation
98: 2383-2389
[Abstract][Full Text]
Garg, A., Shiau, J., Guyatt, G.
(1998). The Ineffectiveness of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Lymphocytic Myocarditis: An Overview. ANN INTERN MED
129: 317-322
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mathier, M. A., Rose, G. A., Fifer, M. A., Miyamoto, M. I., Dinsmore, R. E., Castano, H. H., Dec, G. W., Palacios, I. F., Semigran, M. J.
(1998). Coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with acute-onset idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol
32: 216-224
[Abstract][Full Text]
Arola, A., Tuominen, J., Ruuskanen, O., Jokinen, E.
(1998). Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Children: Prognostic Indicators and Outcome. Pediatrics
101: 369-376
[Abstract][Full Text]
Reyes, M. P., Khatib, R., Khatib, G., Ho, K.L., Smith, F., Kloner, R. A.
(1998). Prolonged Captopril Therapy in Murine Viral Myocarditis. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER
3: 43-49
[Abstract]
McNamara, D. M., Rosenblum, W. D., Janosko, K. M., Trost, M. K., Villaneuva, F. S., Demetris, A.J., Murali, S., Feldman, A. M.
(1997). Intravenous Immune Globulin in the Therapy of Myocarditis and Acute Cardiomyopathy. Circulation
95: 2476-2478
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chevalier, P., Vandenesch, F., Brouqui, P., Kirkorian, G., Tabib, A., Etienne, J., Raoult, D., Loire, R., Touboul, P.
(1997). Fulminant Myocardial Failure in a Previously Healthy Young Man. Circulation
95: 1654-1657
[Full Text]
Bachmaier, K., Pummerer, C., Kozieradzki, I., Pfeffer, K., Mak, T. W., Neu, N., Penninger, J. M.
(1997). Low-Molecular-Weight Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor p55 Controls Induction of Autoimmune Heart Disease. Circulation
95: 655-661
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hirono, S., Islam, M. O., Nakazawa, M., Yoshida, Y., Kodama, M., Shibata, A., Izumi, T., Imai, S.
(1997). Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rat Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis With Special Reference to Changes in Cardiac Hemodynamics. Circ. Res.
80: 11-20
[Abstract][Full Text]
Holzinger, C., Schollhammer, A., Imhof, M., Reinwald, C., Kramer, G., Zuckermann, A., Wolner, E., Steiner, G.
(1995). Phenotypic Patterns of Mononuclear Cells in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circulation
92: 2876-2885
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bachmaier, K., Mair, J., Offner, F., Pummerer, C., Neu, N.
(1995). Serum Cardiac Troponin T and Creatine Kinase–MB Elevations in Murine Autoimmune Myocarditis. Circulation
92: 1927-1932
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mason, J. W., O'Connell, J. B., Herskowitz, A., Rose, N. R., McManus, B. M., Billingham, M. E., Moon, T. E., The Myocarditis Treatment Trial Investigators,
(1995). A Clinical Trial of Immunosuppressive Therapy for Myocarditis. NEJM
333: 269-275
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kodama, M., Zhang, S., Hanawa, H., Saeki, M., Inomata, T., Suzuki, K., Koyama, S., Shibata, A.
(1995). Effects of 15-Deoxyspergualin on Experimental Autoimmune Giant Cell Myocarditis of the Rat. Circulation
91: 1116-1122
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dec, G. W., Fuster, V.
(1994). Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. NEJM
331: 1564-1575
[Full Text]
Acquatella, H., Mattia, A. R.
(1993). Case 32-1993- A Native of El Salvador with Tachycardia and Syncope. NEJM
329: 488-496
[Full Text]
Celli, B. R., Mark, E. J.
(1993). Case 11-1993- A 52-Year-Old Man with Cardiomyopathy and Pulmonary Disease. NEJM
328: 792-800
[Full Text]
Previous
