FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 313:1485-1492 December 5, 1985 Number 23

	Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

Abstract

We describe here the preliminary results of the systemic administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and the recombinant-derived lymphokine interleukin-2 to patients with advanced cancer. This regimen was based on animal models in which the systemic administration of LAK cells plus interleukin-2 mediated the regression of established pulmonary and hepatic metastases from a variety of murine tumors in several strains of mice. We treated 25 patients with metastatic cancer in whom standard therapy had failed. Patients received both 1.8 to 18.4 X 10(10) autologous LAK cells, generated from lymphocytes obtained through multiple leukaphereses, and up to 90 doses of interleukin-2. Objective regression of cancer (more than 50 per cent of volume) was observed in 11 of the 25 patients: complete tumor regression occurred in one patient with metastatic melanoma and has been sustained for up to 10 months after therapy, and partial responses occurred in nine patients with pulmonary or hepatic metastases from melanoma, colon cancer, or renal-cell cancer and in one patient with a primary unresectable lung adenocarcinoma. Severe fluid retention was the major side effect of therapy, although all side effects resolved after interleukin-2 administration was stopped. Further development of this approach and additional patient follow-up are required before conclusions about its therapeutic value can be drawn.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Shablak, A., Hawkins, R. E., Rothwell, D. G., Elkord, E. (2009). T Cell-Based Immunotherapy of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Modest Success and Future Perspective. Clin. Cancer Res. 15: 6503-6510 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Berger, C., Berger, M., Hackman, R. C., Gough, M., Elliott, C., Jensen, M. C., Riddell, S. R. (2009). Safety and immunologic effects of IL-15 administration in nonhuman primates. Blood 114: 2417-2426 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jursik, C., Prchal, M., Grillari-Voglauer, R., Drbal, K., Fuertbauer, E., Jungfer, H., Albert, W. H., Steinhuber, E., Hemetsberger, T., Grillari, J., Stockinger, H., Katinger, H. (2009). Large-Scale Production and Characterization of Novel CD4+ Cytotoxic T Cells with Broad Tumor Specificity for Immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Res 7: 339-353 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hinrichs, C. S., Spolski, R., Paulos, C. M., Gattinoni, L., Kerstann, K. W., Palmer, D. C., Klebanoff, C. A., Rosenberg, S. A., Leonard, W. J., Restifo, N. P. (2008). IL-2 and IL-21 confer opposing differentiation programs to CD8+ T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Blood 111: 5326-5333 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chapman, P. B. (2008). Combining a Peptide Vaccine With High-Dose Interleukin-2. JCO 26: 2250-2251 [Full Text]  
• Inman, B. A., Frigola, X., Harris, K. J., Kuntz, S. M., Lohse, C. M., Leibovich, B. C., Kwon, E. D. (2008). Questionable Relevance of {gamma}{delta} T Lymphocytes in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J. Immunol. 180: 3578-3584 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lizee, G., Cantu, M. A., Hwu, P. (2007). Less Yin, More Yang: Confronting the Barriers to Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin. Cancer Res. 13: 5250-5255 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Introna, M., Borleri, G., Conti, E., Franceschetti, M., Barbui, A. M., Broady, R., Dander, E., Gaipa, G., D'Amico, G., Biagi, E., Parma, M., Pogliani, E. M., Spinelli, O., Baronciani, D., Grassi, A., Golay, J., Barbui, T., Biondi, A., Rambaldi, A. (2007). Repeated infusions of donor-derived cytokine-induced killer cells in patients relapsing after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a phase I study. haematol 92: 952-959 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Margolin, K., Atkins, M. B., Dutcher, J. P., Ernstoff, M. S., Smith, J. W. II, Clark, J. I., Baar, J., Sosman, J., Weber, J., Lathia, C., Brunetti, J., Cihon, F., Schwartz, B. (2007). Phase I Trial of BAY 50-4798, an Interleukin-2-Specific Agonist in Advanced Melanoma and Renal Cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 13: 3312-3319 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Singh, H., Serrano, L. M., Pfeiffer, T., Olivares, S., McNamara, G., Smith, D. D., Al-Kadhimi, Z., Forman, S. J., Gillies, S. D., Jensen, M. C., Colcher, D., Raubitschek, A., Cooper, L. J.N. (2007). Combining Adoptive Cellular and Immunocytokine Therapies to Improve Treatment of B-Lineage Malignancy. Cancer Res. 67: 2872-2880 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Markasz, L., Stuber, G., Vanherberghen, B., Flaberg, E., Olah, E., Carbone, E., Eksborg, S., Klein, E., Skribek, H., Szekely, L. (2007). Effect of frequently used chemotherapeutic drugs on the cytotoxic activity of human natural killer cells. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 6: 644-654 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Villarino, A. V., Tato, C. M., Stumhofer, J. S., Yao, Z., Cui, Y. K., Hennighausen, L., O'Shea, J. J., Hunter, C. A. (2007). Helper T cell IL-2 production is limited by negative feedback and STAT-dependent cytokine signals. JEM 204: 65-71 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Melencio, L., McKallip, R. J., Guan, H., Ramakrishnan, R., Jain, R., Nagarkatti, P. S., Nagarkatti, M. (2006). Role of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells in IL-2-induced vascular leak. Int Immunol 18: 1461-1471 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Huang, J., Kerstann, K. W., Ahmadzadeh, M., Li, Y. F., El-Gamil, M., Rosenberg, S. A., Robbins, P. F. (2006). Modulation by IL-2 of CD70 and CD27 Expression on CD8+ T Cells: Importance for the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Cell Transfer Immunotherapy.. J. Immunol. 176: 7726-7735 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• MacGregor, J. N., Li, Q., Chang, A. E., Braun, T. M., Hughes, D. P.M., McDonagh, K. T. (2006). Ex vivo Culture with Interleukin (IL)-12 Improves CD8+ T-Cell Adoptive Immunotherapy for Murine Leukemia Independent of IL-18 or IFN-{gamma} but Requires Perforin.. Cancer Res. 66: 4913-4921 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chan, J. K., Hamilton, C. A., Cheung, M. K., Karimi, M., Baker, J., Gall, J. M., Schulz, S., Thorne, S. H., Teng, N. N., Contag, C. H., Lum, L. G., Negrin, R. S. (2006). Enhanced killing of primary ovarian cancer by retargeting autologous cytokine-induced killer cells with bispecific antibodies: a preclinical study.. Clin. Cancer Res. 12: 1859-1867 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pan, S. Y., Mao, Y., Ugnat, A.-M., and the Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Re, (2005). Physical Activity, Obesity, Energy Intake, and the Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Population-based Case-Control Study. Am J Epidemiol 162: 1162-1173 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Knoechel, B., Lohr, J., Kahn, E., Bluestone, J. A., Abbas, A. K. (2005). Sequential development of interleukin 2-dependent effector and regulatory T cells in response to endogenous systemic antigen. JEM 202: 1375-1386 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gesbert, F., Moreau, J.-L., Theze, J. (2005). IL-2 Responsiveness of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes: further investigations with human IL-2R{beta} transgenic mice. Int Immunol 17: 1093-1102 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Keller, G., Schally, A. V., Gaiser, T., Nagy, A., Baker, B., Halmos, G., Engel, J. B. (2005). Receptors for Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Expressed on Human Renal Cell Carcinomas Can Be Used for Targeted Chemotherapy with Cytotoxic Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Analogues. Clin. Cancer Res. 11: 5549-5557 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Johnson, A. J., Mendez-Fernandez, Y., Moyer, A. M., Sloma, C. R., Pirko, I., Block, M. S., Rodriguez, M., Pease, L. R. (2005). Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells Mediate a Peptide-Induced Fatal Syndrome. J. Immunol. 174: 6854-6862 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gendelman, M., Halligan, N., Komorowski, R., Logan, B., Murphy, W. J., Blazar, B. R., Pritchard, K. A. Jr, Drobyski, W. R. (2005). Alpha phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) protects syngeneic marrow transplant recipients from the lethal cytokine syndrome occurring after agonistic CD40 antibody administration. Blood 105: 428-431 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Roychowdhury, S., May, K. F. Jr., Tzou, K. S., Lin, T., Bhatt, D., Freud, A. G., Guimond, M., Ferketich, A. K., Liu, Y., Caligiuri, M. A. (2004). Failed Adoptive Immunotherapy with Tumor-Specific T Cells: Reversal with Low-Dose Interleukin 15 but not Low-Dose Interleukin 2. Cancer Res. 64: 8062-8067 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shibuya, T. Y., Kim, S., Nguyen, K., Do, J., McLaren, C. E., Li, K.-T., Chen, W.-P., Parikh, P., Wadhwa, A., Zi, X., Chen, V. Y., Wong, H.-S., Armstrong, W. B., Yoo, G. H. (2004). Bioactive Suture: A Novel Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 10: 7088-7099 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kim, H. L., Seligson, D., Liu, X., Janzen, N., Bui, M. H. T., Yu, H., Shi, T., Figlin, R. A., Horvath, S., Belldegrun, A. S. (2004). Using Protein Expressions to Predict Survival in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 10: 5464-5471 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Igarashi, T., Wynberg, J., Srinivasan, R., Becknell, B., McCoy, J. P. Jr, Takahashi, Y., Suffredini, D. A., Linehan, W. M., Caligiuri, M. A., Childs, R. W. (2004). Enhanced cytotoxicity of allogeneic NK cells with killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand incompatibility against melanoma and renal cell carcinoma cells. Blood 104: 170-177 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Moss, R. W. (2004). Cancer and Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Italy: Personal Observations and Historical Considerations. Integr Cancer Ther 3: 173-188 [Abstract]  
• Wang, G., Tschoi, M., Spolski, R., Lou, Y., Ozaki, K., Feng, C., Kim, G., Leonard, W. J., Hwu, P. (2003). In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Interleukin 21 Mediated by Natural Killer Cells. Cancer Res. 63: 9016-9022 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sosman, J. A. (2003). Targeting of the VHL-Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Hypoxia-Induced Gene Pathway for Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapy. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 14: 2695-2702 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McKallip, R. J., Fisher, M., Do, Y., Szakal, A. K., Gunthert, U., Nagarkatti, P. S., Nagarkatti, M. (2003). Targeted Deletion of CD44v7 Exon Leads to Decreased Endothelial Cell Injury but Not Tumor Cell Killing Mediated by Interleukin-2-activated Cytolytic Lymphocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 43818-43830 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yang, J. C., Sherry, R. M., Steinberg, S. M., Topalian, S. L., Schwartzentruber, D. J., Hwu, P., Seipp, C. A., Rogers-Freezer, L., Morton, K. E., White, D. E., Liewehr, D. J., Merino, M. J., Rosenberg, S. A. (2003). Randomized Study of High-Dose and Low-Dose Interleukin-2 in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cancer. JCO 21: 3127-3132 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ko, B. K., Kawano, K., Murray, J. L., Disis, M. L., Efferson, C. L., Kuerer, H. M., Peoples, G. E., Ioannides, C. G. (2003). Clinical Studies of Vaccines Targeting Breast Cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 9: 3222-3234 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Davis, I. D., Jefford, M., Parente, P., Cebon, J. (2003). Rational approaches to human cancer immunotherapy. J. Leukoc. Biol. 73: 3-29 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yee, C., Thompson, J. A., Byrd, D., Riddell, S. R., Roche, P., Celis, E., Greenberg, P. D. (2002). Adoptive T cell therapy using antigen-specific CD8+ T cell clones for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma: In vivo persistence, migration, and antitumor effect of transferred T cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 16168-16173 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shrikant, P., Mescher, M. F. (2002). Opposing Effects of IL-2 in Tumor Immunotherapy: Promoting CD8 T Cell Growth and Inducing Apoptosis. J. Immunol. 169: 1753-1759 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• DiFronzo, L. A., Gupta, R. K., Essner, R., Foshag, L. J., O'Day, S. J., Wanek, L. A., Stern, S. L., Morton, D. L. (2002). Enhanced Humoral Immune Response Correlates With Improved Disease-Free and Overall Survival in American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage II Melanoma Patients Receiving Adjuvant Polyvalent Vaccine. JCO 20: 3242-3248 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Espinoza-Delgado, I. (2002). Cancer Vaccines. The Oncologist 7: 20-33 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Escudier, B., Lassau, N., Couanet, D., Angevin, E., Mesrati, F., Leborgne, S., Garofano, A., Leboulaire, C., Dupouy, N., Laplanche, A. (2002). Phase II trial of thalidomide in renal-cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 13: 1029-1035 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hayashi, M., Tomita, M., Yoshizato, K. (2002). Interleukin-2-collagen chimeric protein which liberates interleukin-2 upon collagenolysis. Protein Eng Des Sel 15: 429-436 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mitchell, M. S., Darrah, D., Yeung, D., Halpern, S., Wallace, A., Voland, J., Jones, V., Kan-Mitchell, J. (2002). Phase I Trial of Adoptive Immunotherapy With Cytolytic T Lymphocytes Immunized Against a Tyrosinase Epitope. JCO 20: 1075-1086 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Okamoto, M., Kato, S., Oizumi, K., Kinoshita, M., Inoue, Y., Hoshino, K., Akira, S., Mckenzie, A. N. J., Young, H. A., Hoshino, T. (2002). Interleukin 18 (IL-18) in synergy with IL-2 induces lethal lung injury in mice: a potential role for cytokines, chemokines, and natural killer cells in the pathogenesis of interstitial pneumonia. Blood 99: 1289-1298 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Falk, C. S., Noessner, E., Weiss, E. H., Schendel, D. J. (2002). Retaliation against Tumor Cells Showing Aberrant HLA Expression Using Lymphokine Activated Killer-derived T Cells. Cancer Res. 62: 480-487 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Phan, G. Q., Attia, P., Steinberg, S. M., White, D. E., Rosenberg, S. A. (2001). Factors Associated With Response to High-Dose Interleukin-2 in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma. JCO 19: 3477-3482 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Meyer zum Buschenfelde, C., Metzger, J., Hermann, C., Nicklisch, N., Peschel, C., Bernhard, H. (2001). The Generation of Both T Killer and Th Cell Clones Specific for the Tumor-Associated Antigen HER2 Using Retrovirally Transduced Dendritic Cells. J. Immunol. 167: 1712-1719 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hoffer, L. J. (2001). Proof versus plausibility: rules of engagement for the struggle to evaluate alternative cancer therapies. CMAJ 164: 351-353 [Full Text]  
• Son, Y.-I., Dallal, R. M., Mailliard, R. B., Egawa, S., Jonak, Z. L., Lotze, M. T. (2001). Interleukin-18 (IL-18) Synergizes with IL-2 to Enhance Cytotoxicity, Interferon-{{gamma}} Production, and Expansion of Natural Killer Cells. Cancer Res. 61: 884-888 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• KOSHIKA, T., ISHIZAKA, A., NAGATOMI, I., SUDO, Y., HASEGAWA, N., GOTO, T. (2001). Pretreatment with FK506 Improves Survival Rate and Gas Exchange in Canine Model of Acute Lung Injury. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 163: 79-84 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Meyer zum Buschenfelde, C., Nicklisch, N., Rose-John, S., Peschel, C., Bernhard, H. (2000). Generation of Tumor-Reactive CTL Against the Tumor-Associated Antigen HER2 Using Retrovirally Transduced Dendritic Cells Derived from CD34+ Hemopoietic Progenitor Cells. J. Immunol. 165: 4133-4140 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kawamura, A. Jr, Sekine, T., Sekiguchi, M., Yanoma, S., Kaneko, A., Haneda, T., Moriya, Y., Hayasaka, K.-i., Kakizoe, T. (2000). Six-year Disease-free Survival of a Patient with Metastatic Eyelid Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Colon Adenocarcinoma after Repeated Postoperative Adoptive Immunotherapy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 30: 267-271 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lindsey, K. R., Rosenberg, S. A., Sherry, R. M. (2000). Impact of the Number of Treatment Courses on the Clinical Response of Patients Who Receive High-Dose Bolus Interleukin-2. JCO 18: 1954-1959 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Galanis, E., Hersh, E. M., Stopeck, A. T., Gonzalez, R., Burch, P., Spier, C., Akporiaye, E. T., Rinehart, J. J., Edmonson, J., Sobol, R. E., Forscher, C., Sondak, V. K., Lewis, B. D., Unger, E. C., O'Driscoll, M., Selk, L., Rubin, J. (1999). Immunotherapy of Advanced Malignancy by Direct Gene Transfer of an Interleukin-2 DNA/DMRIE/DOPE Lipid Complex: Phase I/II Experience. JCO 17: 3313-3323 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• O'HEARN, D. J., LEIFERMAN, K. M., ASKIN, F., GEORAS, S. N. (1999). Pulmonary Infiltrates after Cytokine Therapy for Stem Cell Transplantation . Massive Deposition of Eosinophil Major Basic Protein Detected by Immunohistochemistry. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 160: 1361-1365 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chapman, P. B., Einhorn, L. H., Meyers, M. L., Saxman, S., Destro, A. N., Panageas, K. S., Begg, C. B., Agarwala, S. S., Schuchter, L. M., Ernstoff, M. S., Houghton, A. N., Kirkwood, J. M. (1999). Phase III Multicenter Randomized Trial of the Dartmouth Regimen Versus Dacarbazine in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma. JCO 17: 2745-2745 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rafi-Janajreh, A. Q., Chen, D., Schmits, R., Mak, T. W., Grayson, R. L., Sponenberg, D. P., Nagarkatti, M., Nagarkatti, P. S. (1999). Evidence for the Involvement of CD44 in Endothelial Cell Injury and Induction of Vascular Leak Syndrome by IL-2. J. Immunol. 163: 1619-1627 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Escudier, B., Chevreau, C., Lasset, C., Douillard, J. Y., Ravaud, A., Fabbro, M., Caty, A., Rossi, J. F., Viens, P., Bergerat, J. P., Savary, J., Negrier, S. (1999). Cytokines in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Is It Useful to Switch to Interleukin-2 or Interferon After Failure of a First Treatment?. JCO 17: 2039-2039 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Atkins, M. B., Lotze, M. T., Dutcher, J. P., Fisher, R. I., Weiss, G., Margolin, K., Abrams, J., Sznol, M., Parkinson, D., Hawkins, M., Paradise, C., Kunkel, L., Rosenberg, S. A. (1999). High-Dose Recombinant Interleukin 2 Therapy for Patients With Metastatic Melanoma: Analysis of 270 Patients Treated Between 1985 and 1993. JCO 17: 2105-2105 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cabanes, A., Even-Chen, S., Zimberoff, J., Barenholz, Y., Kedar, E., Gabizon, A. (1999). Enhancement of Antitumor Activity of Polyethylene Glycol-coated Liposomal Doxorubicin with Soluble and Liposomal Interleukin 2. Clin. Cancer Res. 5: 687-693 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Richards, J. M., Gale, D., Mehta, N., Lestingi, T. (1999). Combination of Chemotherapy With Interleukin-2 and Interferon Alfa for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma. JCO 17: 651-651 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rafi, A. Q., Zeytun, A., Bradley, M. J., Sponenberg, D. P., Grayson, R. L., Nagarkatti, M., Nagarkatti, P. S. (1998). Evidence for the Involvement of Fas Ligand and Perforin in the Induction of Vascular Leak Syndrome. J. Immunol. 161: 3077-3086 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Liu, S.-J., Sher, Y.-P., Ting, C.-C., Liao, K.-W., Yu, C.-P., Tao, M.-H. (1998). Treatment of B-Cell Lymphoma With Chimeric IgG and Single-Chain Fv Antibody-Interleukin-2 Fusion Proteins. Blood 92: 2103-2112 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Guillaume, T., Rubinstein, D. B., Symann, M. (1998). Immune Reconstitution and Immunotherapy After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Blood 92: 1471-1490 [Full Text]  
• Negrier, S., Escudier, B., Lasset, C., Douillard, J.-Y., Savary, J., Chevreau, C., Ravaud, A., Mercatello, A., Peny, J., Mousseau, M., Philip, T., Tursz, T., The Groupe Francais d'Immunotherapie, (1998). Recombinant Human Interleukin-2, Recombinant Human Interferon Alfa-2a, or Both in Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma. NEJM 338: 1272-1278 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kemeny, M. M., Botchkina, G. I., Ochani, M., Bianchi, M., Urmacher, C., Tracey, K. J. (1998). The tetravalent guanylhydrazone CNI-1493 blocks the toxic effects of interleukin-2 without diminishing antitumor efficacy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 4561-4566 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Emtage, P. C. R., Wan, Y., Bramson, J. L., Graham, F. L., Gauldie, J. (1998). A Double Recombinant Adenovirus Expressing the Costimulatory Molecule B7-1 (Murine) and Human IL-2 Induces Complete Tumor Regression in a Murine Breast Adenocarcinoma Model. J. Immunol. 160: 2531-2538 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• David, D., Bani, L., Moreau, J.-L., Demaison, C., Sun, K., Salvucci, O., Nakarai, T., de Montalembert, M., Chouaib, S., Joussemet, M., Ritz, J., Theze, J. (1998). Further Analysis of Interleukin-2 Receptor Subunit Expression on the Different Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Subsets. Blood 91: 165-172 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ballow, M., Nelson, R. (1997). Immunopharmacology: Immunomodulation and Immunotherapy. JAMA 278: 2008-2017 [Abstract]  
• Korholz, D., Banning, U., Bonig, H., Grewe, M., Schneider, M., Mauz-Korholz, C., Klein-Vehne, A., Krutmann, J., Burdach, S. (1997). The Role of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in IL-15-Mediated T-Cell Responses. Blood 90: 4513-4521 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Qian, J. X., Lee, S. m., Suen, Y., Knoppel, E., van de Ven, C., Cairo, M. S. (1997). Decreased Interleukin-15 From Activated Cord Versus Adult Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and the Effect of Interleukin-15 in Upregulating Antitumor Immune Activity and Cytokine Production in Cord Blood. Blood 90: 3106-3117 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Maria, B. L., Medina, C. D., Hoang, K. B.N., Phillips, M. I. (1997). Topical Review: Gene Therapy for Neurologic Disease: Benchtop Discoveries to Bedside Applications. 1. The Bench. J Child Neurol 12: 1-12 [Abstract]  
• Ariyasu, T., Ike, O., Hitomi, S., Wada, H., Okumura, Y., Sunamoto, J. (1996). Sensitization of Nude Mice Using Direct Liposome Transfer of Tumor Cell Antigens. Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 11: 191-202 [Abstract]  
• Rabinovici, R., Feuerstein, G., Abdullah, F., Whiteford, M., Borboroglu, P., Sheikh, E., Phillip, D.-R., Ovadia, P., Bobroski, L., Bagasra, O., Neville, L.F. (1996). Locally Produced Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Mediates Interleukin-2Induced Lung Injury. Circ. Res. 78: 329-336 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Barton, D. P. J., Blanchard, D. K., Duan, C., Roberts, W. S., Cavanagh, D., DeCesare, S., Djeu, J. Y. (1995). Interleukin-12 Synergizes With Interleukin-2 to Generate Lymphokine-Activated Killer Activity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Cultured in Ovarian Cancer Ascitic Fluid. Reproductive Sciences 2: 762-771 [Abstract]  
• Obiri, N. I., Debinski, W., Leonard, W. J., Puri, R. K. (1995). Receptor for Interleukin 13. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 8797-8804 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fujita, S., Puri, R., Yu, Z.-X., Travis, W., Yamaguchi, M., Ferrans, V. J. (1994). Interleukin-la Reduces the Severity of the Vascular Leak Syndrome Produced by Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-2 Plus Interferon-a. Toxicol Pathol 22: 381-397 [Abstract]  
• Gaspari, A. A. (1994). Autoimmunity as a Complication of Interleukin 2 Immunotherapy: Many Unanswered Questions. Arch Dermatol 130: 894-898 [Abstract]  
• Rosenberg, S. A., Yang, J. C., Topalian, S. L., Schwartzentruber, D. J., Weber, J. S., Parkinson, D. R., Seipp, C. A., Einhorn, J. H., White, D. E. (1994). Treatment of 283 Consecutive Patients With Metastatic Melanoma or Renal Cell Cancer Using High-Dose Bolus Interleukin 2. JAMA 271: 907-913 [Abstract]  
• Freemantle, N., Harrison, S. (1994). Interleukin-2: the public and professional face of rationing in the NHS. Critical Social Policy 13: 94-117 [Abstract]  
• Chang, A. E., Geiger, J. D., Sondak, V. K, Shu, S. (1993). Adoptive Cellular Therapy of Malignancy. Arch Surg 128: 1281-1290 [Abstract]  
• Takahashi, H, Nakada, T, Puisieux, I (1993). Inhibition of human colon cancer growth by antibody-directed human LAK cells in SCID mice. Science 259: 1460-1463 [Abstract]  
• Inoue, S., Yamashita, A. (1993). The Phenotypic and Functional Changes of Rat Kupffer Cells Cultured with Interleukin-2. Toxicol Pathol 21: 71-80 [Abstract]  
• Kim, B., Louie, A. C. (1992). Surgical Resection Following Interleukin 2 Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Prolongs Remission. Arch Surg 127: 1343-1349 [Abstract]  
• Gough, D. B., Jordan, A., Mannick, J. A., Rodrick, M. L. (1992). Impaired Cell-Mediated Immunity in Experimental Abdominal Sepsis and the Effect of Interleukin 2. Arch Surg 127: 859-863 [Abstract]  
• Clayman, G. L., Liu, F. J., Savage, H. E., Taylor, D. L., Lavedan, P., Buchsbaum, R. M., Pellegrino, C., Trujillo, J. M., Young, G., Schantz, S. P. (1992). Acute-Phase Proteins in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Interleukin 2/Interferon Alfa. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 118: 41-48 [Abstract]  
• Moertel, C. G. (1991). Off-Label Drug Use for Cancer Therapy and National Health Care Priorities. JAMA 266: 3031-3032 [Abstract]  
• Friedman, D. I., Hu, E. H., Sadun, A. A. (1991). Neuro-ophthalmic Complications of Interleukin 2 Therapy. Arch Ophthalmol 109: 1679-1680 [Abstract]  
• Frederickson, K., Jackson, B. S., Strauman, T., Strauman, J. (1991). Testing Hypotheses Derived from the Roy Adaptation Model. Nurs Sci Q 4: 168-174 [Abstract]  
• Koretz, M. J., Lawson, D. H., York, R. M., Graham, S. D., Murray, D. R., Gillespie, T. M., Levitt, D., Sell, K. M. (1991). Randomized Study of Interleukin 2 (IL-2) Alone vs IL-2 Plus Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells for Treatment of Melanoma and Renal Cell Cancer. Arch Surg 126: 898-903 [Abstract]  
• Pelton, J. J., Taylor, D. D., Fowler, W. C., Taylor, C. G., Carp, N. Z., Weese, J. L. (1991). Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cell Suppressor Factor in Malignant Effusions. Arch Surg 126: 476-480 [Abstract]  
• Lindley, C. M., Gordon, T. R. (1991). Application of Biotechnology Products in Oncology. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 4: 117-130  
• Snydman, D. R., Sullivan, B., Gill, M., Gould, J. A., Parkinson, D. R., Atkins, M. B. (1990). Nosocomial Sepsis Associated with Interleukin-2. ANN INTERN MED 112: 102-107 [Abstract]  
• Roper, M., Friedman, M. A. (1989). Oncology. JAMA 261: 2865-2867 [Abstract]  
• Eberlein, T. J., Schoof, D. D., Michie, H. R., Massaro, A. F., Burger, U., Wilmore, D. W., Wilson, R. E. (1989). Ibuprofen Causes Reduced Toxic Effects of Interleukin 2 Administration in Patients With Metastatic Cancer. Arch Surg 124: 542-547 [Abstract]  
• Taniguchi, T., Hatakeyama, M., Minamoto, S., Kono, T., Doi, T., Tsudo, M., Miyasaka, M., Miyata, T. (1989). Interleukin-2 Receptor {beta} Chain: Molecular Cloning and Functional Expression of the Human cDNA. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 54: 689-694 [Abstract]  
• Gaynor, E. R., Vitek, L., Sticklin, L., Creekmore, S. P., Ferraro, M. E., Thomas, J. X. Jr., Fisher, S. G., Fisher, R. I. (1988). The Hemodynamic Effects of Treatment with Interleukin-2 and Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells. ANN INTERN MED 109: 953-958 [Abstract]  
• Lee, R. E., Gaspari, A. A., Lotze, M. T., Chang, A. E., Rosenberg, S. A. (1988). Interleukin 2 and Psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 124: 1811-1815 [Abstract]  
• Eberlein, T. J., Schoof, D. D., Jung, S.-E., Davidson, D., Gramolini, B., McGrath, K., Massaro, A., Wilson, R. E. (1988). A New Regimen of Interleukin 2 and Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells: Efficacy Without Significant Toxicity. Arch Intern Med 148: 2571-2576 [Abstract]  
• Curran, R. D., Billiar, T. R., West, M. A., Bentz, B. G., Simmons, R. L. (1988). Effect of Interleukin 2 on Kupffer Cell Activation: Interleukin 2 Primes and Activates Kupffer Cells to Suppress Hepatocyte Protein Synthesis In Vitro. Arch Surg 123: 1373-1378 [Abstract]  
• Dunn, C. J., Stake, N. D., Hardee, M. M. (1988). Slow Release of Interleukin-2 from Polymer Implants. ANN INTERN MED 109: 761-762 [Abstract]