BACKGROUND AND METHODS. Although cachexia often accompanies advanced heart failure, little is known about the causes of the cachectic state. To assess the potential role of tumor necrosis factor in the pathogenesis of cardiac cachexia, we measured serum levels of the factor in 33 patients with chronic heart failure, 33 age-matched healthy controls, and 9 patients with chronic renal failure. RESULTS. Mean (+/- SEM) serum levels of tumor necrosis factor were higher in the patients with heart failure (115 +/- 25 U per milliliter) than in the healthy controls (9 +/- 3 U per milliliter; P less than 0.001). Nineteen of the patients with chronic heart failure had serum levels of tumor necrosis factor greater than or equal to 39 U per milliliter (greater than 2 SD above the mean value for the control group), whereas the remaining 14 patients had serum levels of tumor necrosis factor below this level. The patients with high levels of tumor necrosis factor were more cachectic than those with low levels (82 +/- 3 vs. 95 +/- 6 percent of ideal body weight, respectively; P less than 0.05) and had more advanced heart failure, as evidenced by their higher values for plasma renin activity (2.92 +/- 0.53 vs. 1.06 +/- 0.53 ng per liter per second [10.5 +/- 1.9 vs. 3.8 +/- 1.9 ng per milliliter per hour]; P less than 0.01) and lower serum sodium concentration (135 +/- 1 vs. 138 +/- 1 mmol per liter; P less than 0.05). The group with high levels of tumor necrosis factor also had lower hemoglobin levels (7.82 +/- 0.2 vs. 8.69 +/- 0.4 mmol per liter [12.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 14.0 +/- 0.6 g per deciliter]) and higher values for blood urea nitrogen (19.5 +/- 2.2 vs. 12.5 +/- 1.8 mmol per liter) than the group with low levels of tumor necrosis factor (P less than 0.05 for both). The high levels of tumor necrosis factor were not due solely to decreased renal clearance, however, since the levels in the patients with heart failure were considerably higher than those in the nine patients with chronic renal failure (115 +/- 25 vs. 45 +/- 25 U per milliliter; P less than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS. These findings indicate that circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor are increased in cachectic patients with chronic heart failure and that this elevation is associated with the marked activation of the renin-angiotensin system seen in patients with end-stage cardiac disease.
Source Information
Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York 10029.
This article has been cited by other articles:
Wang, A. Y.-M., Sea, M. M.-M., Tang, N., Lam, C. W.-k., Chan, I. H.-S., Lui, S.-F., Sanderson, J. E, Woo, J.
(2009). Energy intake and expenditure profile in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients complicated with circulatory congestion. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
90: 1179-1184
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chorianopoulos, E., Rosenberg, M., Zugck, C., Wolf, J., Katus, H. A., Frey, N.
(2009). Decreased soluble TWEAK levels predict an adverse prognosis in patients with chronic stable heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail
11: 1050-1056
[Abstract][Full Text]
Apostolakis, S., Lip, G. Y.H., Shantsila, E.
(2009). Monocytes in heart failure: relationship to a deteriorating immune overreaction or a desperate attempt for tissue repair?. Cardiovasc Res
0: cvp327v2-cvp327
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jobe, L. J., Melendez, G. C., Levick, S. P., Du, Y., Brower, G. L., Janicki, J. S.
(2009). TNF-{alpha} inhibition attenuates adverse myocardial remodeling in a rat model of volume overload. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
297: H1462-H1468
[Abstract][Full Text]
Peng, W., Zhang, Y., Zhu, W., Cao, C.-M., Xiao, R.-P.
(2009). AMPK and TNF-{alpha} at the crossroad of cell survival and death in ischaemic heart. Cardiovasc Res
84: 1-3
[Full Text]
Duda, M. K., O'Shea, K. M., Stanley, W. C.
(2009). {omega}-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of heart failure: mechanisms and clinical potential. Cardiovasc Res
84: 33-41
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lopshire, J. C., Zhou, X., Dusa, C., Ueyama, T., Rosenberger, J., Courtney, N., Ujhelyi, M., Mullen, T., Das, M., Zipes, D. P.
(2009). Spinal Cord Stimulation Improves Ventricular Function and Reduces Ventricular Arrhythmias in a Canine Postinfarction Heart Failure Model. Circulation
120: 286-294
[Abstract][Full Text]
Paulo Araujo, J., Lourenco, P., Rocha-Goncalves, F., Ferreira, A., Bettencourt, P.
(2009). Adiponectin is increased in cardiac cachexia irrespective of body mass index. Eur J Heart Fail
11: 567-572
[Abstract][Full Text]
Engstrom, G., Melander, O., Hedblad, B.
(2009). Leukocyte Count and Incidence of Hospitalizations Due to Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail
2: 217-222
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bergamini, C., Cicoira, M., Rossi, A., Vassanelli, C.
(2009). Oxidative stress and hyperuricaemia: pathophysiology, clinical relevance, and therapeutic implications in chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail
11: 444-452
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tracchi, I., Ghigliotti, G., Mura, M., Garibaldi, S., Spallarossa, P., Barisione, C., Boasi, V., Brunelli, M., Corsiglia, L., Barsotti, A., Brunelli, C.
(2009). Increased neutrophil lifespan in patients with congestive heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail
11: 378-385
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dhingra, S., Sharma, A. K., Arora, R. C., Slezak, J., Singal, P. K.
(2009). IL-10 attenuates TNF-{alpha}-induced NF{kappa}B pathway activation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cardiovasc Res
82: 59-66
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fildes, J. E., Shaw, S. M., Yonan, N., Williams, S. G.
(2009). The Immune System and Chronic Heart Failure: Is the Heart in Control?. J Am Coll Cardiol
53: 1013-1020
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shaw, S. M., Shah, M. K.H., Williams, S. G., Fildes, J. E.
(2009). Immunological mechanisms of pentoxifylline in chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail
11: 113-118
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yamahara, K, Min, K D, Tomoike, H, Kangawa, K, Kitamura, S, Nagaya, N
(2009). Pathological role of angiostatin in heart failure: an endogenous inhibitor of mesenchymal stem-cell activation. Heart
95: 283-289
[Abstract][Full Text]
Duda, M. K., O'Shea, K. M., Tintinu, A., Xu, W., Khairallah, R. J., Barrows, B. R., Chess, D. J., Azimzadeh, A. M., Harris, W. S., Sharov, V. G., Sabbah, H. N., Stanley, W. C.
(2009). Fish oil, but not flaxseed oil, decreases inflammation and prevents pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res
81: 319-327
[Abstract][Full Text]
Smeets, P. J. H., Teunissen, B. E. J., Planavila, A., de Vogel-van den Bosch, H., Willemsen, P. H. M., van der Vusse, G. J., van Bilsen, M.
(2008). Inflammatory Pathways Are Activated during Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Attenuated by Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors PPAR{alpha} and PPAR{delta}. J. Biol. Chem.
283: 29109-29118
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dunlay, S. M., Weston, S. A., Redfield, M. M., Killian, J. M., Roger, V. L.
(2008). Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} and Mortality in Heart Failure: A Community Study. Circulation
118: 625-631
[Abstract][Full Text]
Galinanes, M., James, M., Codd, V., Baxi, A., Hadjinikolaou, L.
(2008). TNF-alpha gene promoter polymorphism at nucleotide -308 and the inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by cardiac surgery: role of heart failure and medical treatment.. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.
34: 332-337
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sierra-Johnson, J., Romero-Corral, A., Somers, V. K., Olson, L. J., Johnson, B. D.
(2008). Leptin, a Novel Predictor of Lung Function in Heart Failure. Chest
134: 346-350
[Abstract][Full Text]
Stumpf, C., Seybold, K., Petzi, S., Wasmeier, G., Raaz, D., Yilmaz, A., Anger, T., Daniel, W. G., Garlichs, C. D.
(2008). Interleukin-10 improves left ventricular function in rats with heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction. Eur J Heart Fail
10: 733-739
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bucciarelli, L. G., Ananthakrishnan, R., Hwang, Y. C., Kaneko, M., Song, F., Sell, D. R., Strauch, C., Monnier, V. M., Yan, S. F., Schmidt, A. M., Ramasamy, R.
(2008). RAGE and Modulation of Ischemic Injury in the Diabetic Myocardium. Diabetes
57: 1941-1951
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pignatelli, P., Cangemi, R., Celestini, A., Carnevale, R., Polimeni, L., Martini, A., Ferro, D., Loffredo, L., Violi, F.
(2008). Tumour necrosis factor {alpha} upregulates platelet CD40L in patients with heart failure. Cardiovasc Res
78: 515-522
[Abstract][Full Text]
Braunwald, E.
(2008). Biomarkers in Heart Failure. NEJM
358: 2148-2159
[Full Text]
Ramasubbu, K., Estep, J., White, D. L., Deswal, A., Mann, D. L.
(2008). Experimental and clinical basis for the use of statins in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy.. J Am Coll Cardiol
51: 415-426
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rosner, M. H., Portilla, D., Okusa, M. D.
(2008). Analytic Reviews: Cardiac Surgery as a Cause of Acute Kidney Injury: Pathogenesis and Potential Therapies. J Intensive Care Med
23: 3-18
[Abstract]
Stumpf, C, Lehner, C, Raaz, D, Yilmaz, A, Anger, T, Daniel, W G, Garlichs, C D
(2008). Platelets contribute to enhanced MCP-1 levels in patients with chronic heart failure. Heart
94: 65-69
[Abstract][Full Text]
Defer, N., Azroyan, A., Pecker, F., Pavoine, C.
(2007). TNFR1 and TNFR2 Signaling Interplay in Cardiac Myocytes. J. Biol. Chem.
282: 35564-35573
[Abstract][Full Text]
Liu, S. J.
(2007). Inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channel current and negative inotropy induced by arachidonic acid in adult rat ventricular myocytes. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.
293: C1594-C1604
[Abstract][Full Text]
Moro, C., Jouan, M.-G., Rakotovao, A., Toufektsian, M.-C., Ormezzano, O., Nagy, N., Tosaki, A., de Leiris, J., Boucher, F.
(2007). Delayed expression of cytokines after reperfused myocardial infarction: possible trigger for cardiac dysfunction and ventricular remodeling. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
293: H3014-H3019
[Abstract][Full Text]
Toblli, J. E., Lombrana, A., Duarte, P., Di Gennaro, F.
(2007). Intravenous Iron Reduces NT-Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Anemic Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Renal Insufficiency. J Am Coll Cardiol
50: 1657-1665
[Abstract][Full Text]
Vellaichamy, E., Zhao, D., Somanna, N., Pandey, K. N.
(2007). Genetic disruption of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A upregulates ACE and AT1 receptor gene expression and signaling: role in cardiac hypertrophy. Physiol. Genomics
31: 193-202
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sandek, A., Bauditz, J., Swidsinski, A., Buhner, S., Weber-Eibel, J., von Haehling, S., Schroedl, W., Karhausen, T., Doehner, W., Rauchhaus, M., Poole-Wilson, P., Volk, H.-D., Lochs, H., Anker, S. D.
(2007). Altered Intestinal Function in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol
50: 1561-1569
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dixon, W G, Symmons, D P M
(2007). What effects might anti-TNF{alpha} treatment be expected to have on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis? A review of the role of TNF{alpha} in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Ann Rheum Dis
66: 1132-1136
[Abstract][Full Text]
Andrei, A. M., Fraguas, R. Jr., Telles, R. M.S., Alves, T. C.T.F., Strunz, C. M.C., Nussbacher, A., Rays, J., Iosifescu, D. V., Wajngarten, M.
(2007). Major Depressive Disorder and Inflammatory Markers in Elderly Patients With Heart Failure. Psychosomatics
48: 319-324
[Abstract][Full Text]
Clark, A. L., Knosalla, C., Birks, E., Loebe, M., Davos, C. H., Tsang, S., Negassa, A., Yacoub, M., Hetzer, R., Coats, A. J.S., Anker, S. D.
(2007). Heart transplantation in heart failure: The prognostic importance of body mass index at time of surgery and subsequent weight changes. Eur J Heart Fail
9: 839-844
[Abstract][Full Text]
Reifenberg, K., Lehr, H.-A., Torzewski, M., Steige, G., Wiese, E., Kupper, I., Becker, C., Ott, S., Nusser, P., Yamamura, K.-I., Rechtsteiner, G., Warger, T., Pautz, A., Kleinert, H., Schmidt, A., Pieske, B., Wenzel, P., Munzel, T., Lohler, J.
(2007). Interferon-{gamma} Induces Chronic Active Myocarditis and Cardiomyopathy in Transgenic Mice. Am. J. Pathol.
171: 463-472
[Abstract][Full Text]
DeBoer, M. D., Zhu, X. X., Levasseur, P., Meguid, M. M., Suzuki, S., Inui, A., Taylor, J. E., Halem, H. A., Dong, J. Z., Datta, R., Culler, M. D., Marks, D. L.
(2007). Ghrelin Treatment Causes Increased Food Intake and Retention of Lean Body Mass in a Rat Model of Cancer Cachexia. Endocrinology
148: 3004-3012
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schulze, P. C.
(2007). Chromogranin A: friend or foe of the failing myocardium?. Eur Heart J
28: 1052-1053
[Full Text]
van der Harst, P., van der Steege, G., de Boer, R. A., Voors, A. A., Hall, A. S., Mulder, M. J., van Gilst, W. H., van Veldhuisen, D. J., on behalf of the MERIT-HF Study Group,
(2007). Telomere Length of Circulating Leukocytes Is Decreased in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol
49: 1459-1464
[Abstract][Full Text]
McEntegart, M. B., Awede, B., Petrie, M. C., Sattar, N., Dunn, F. G., MacFarlane, N. G., McMurray, J. J.V.
(2007). Increase in serum adiponectin concentration in patients with heart failure and cachexia: relationship with leptin, other cytokines, and B-type natriuretic peptide. Eur Heart J
0: ehm033v1-7
[Abstract][Full Text]
Doehner, W., Bunck, A. C., Rauchhaus, M., von Haehling, S., Brunkhorst, F. M., Cicoira, M., Tschope, C., Ponikowski, P., Claus, R. A., Anker, S. D.
(2007). Secretory sphingomyelinase is upregulated in chronic heart failure: a second messenger system of immune activation relates to body composition, muscular functional capacity, and peripheral blood flow. Eur Heart J
28: 821-828
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sun, M., Chen, M., Dawood, F., Zurawska, U., Li, J. Y., Parker, T., Kassiri, Z., Kirshenbaum, L. A., Arnold, M., Khokha, R., Liu, P. P.
(2007). Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Mediates Cardiac Remodeling and Ventricular Dysfunction After Pressure Overload State. Circulation
115: 1398-1407
[Abstract][Full Text]
Goldberg, R. J., Ciampa, J., Lessard, D., Meyer, T. E., Spencer, F. A.
(2007). Long-term Survival After Heart Failure: A Contemporary Population-Based Perspective. Arch Intern Med
167: 490-496
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hundley, W. G., Bayram, E., Hamilton, C. A., Hamilton, E. A., Morgan, T. M., Darty, S. N., Stewart, K. P., Link, K. M., Herrington, D. M., Kitzman, D. W.
(2007). Leg flow-mediated arterial dilation in elderly patients with heart failure and normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
292: H1427-H1434
[Abstract][Full Text]
Berndt, C., Lillig, C. H., Holmgren, A.
(2007). Thiol-based mechanisms of the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems: implications for diseases in the cardiovascular system. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
292: H1227-H1236
[Abstract][Full Text]
Perik, P. J., de Vries, E. G.E., Gietema, J. A., van der Graaf, W. T.A., Smilde, T. D.J., Sleijfer, D. T., van Veldhuisen, D. J.
(2007). Serum HER2 levels are increased in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail
9: 173-177
[Abstract][Full Text]
von Haehling, S., Doehner, W., Anker, S. D
(2007). Nutrition, metabolism, and the complex pathophysiology of cachexia in chronic heart failure. Cardiovasc Res
73: 298-309
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zimmermann, O., Kochs, M., Zwaka, T. P., Bienek-Ziolkowski, M., Hoher, M., Hombach, V., Torzewski, J.
(2007). Prognostic role of myocardial tumor necrosis factor-alpha and terminal complement complex expression in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail
9: 51-54
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wang, A. Y.-M., Lam, C. W.-K., Yu, C.-M., Wang, M., Chan, I. H.-S., Zhang, Y., Lui, S.-F., Sanderson, J. E.
(2007). N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide: An Independent Risk Predictor of Cardiovascular Congestion, Mortality, and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
18: 321-330
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mazzadi, A. N., Andre-Fouet, X., Costes, N., Croisille, P., Revel, D., Janier, M. F.
(2006). Mechanisms leading to reversible mechanical dysfunction in severe CAD: alternatives to myocardial stunning. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
291: H2570-H2582
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ramana, K. V., Fadl, A. A., Tammali, R., Reddy, A. B. M., Chopra, A. K., Srivastava, S. K.
(2006). Aldose Reductase Mediates the Lipopolysaccharide-induced Release of Inflammatory Mediators in RAW264.7 Murine Macrophages. J. Biol. Chem.
281: 33019-33029
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hoare, G. S., Birks, E. J., Bowles, C., Marczin, N., Yacoub, M. H.
(2006). In vitro endothelial cell activation and inflammatory responses in end-stage heart failure. J. Appl. Physiol.
101: 1466-1473
[Abstract][Full Text]
Goncalves, S., Pecoits-Filho, R., Perreto, S., Barberato, S. H., Stinghen, A. E. M., Lima, E. G. A., Fuerbringer, R., Sauthier, S. M., Riella, M. C.
(2006). Associations between renal function, volume status and endotoxaemia in chronic kidney disease patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant
21: 2788-2794
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cavusoglu, E., Ruwende, C., Chopra, V., Yanamadala, S., Eng, C., Clark, L. T., Pinsky, D. J., Marmur, J. D.
(2006). Adiponectin is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and myocardial infarction in patients presenting with chest pain. Eur Heart J
27: 2300-2309
[Abstract][Full Text]
George, J, Patal, S, Wexler, D, Sharabi, Y, Peleg, E, Kamari, Y, Grossman, E, Sheps, D, Keren, G, Roth, A
(2006). Circulating adiponectin concentrations in patients with congestive heart failure. Heart
92: 1420-1424
[Abstract][Full Text]
Smit, J. W. A., Romijn, J. A.
(2006). Acute insulin resistance in myocardial ischemia: causes and consequences.. SEMIN CARDIOTHORAC VASC ANESTH
10: 215-219
[Abstract]
Roig, E.
(2006). Usefulness of neurohormonal markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure. Eur Heart J Suppl
8: E12-E17
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ostrow, A. M., Freeze, H., Rychik, J.
(2006). Protein-Losing Enteropathy After Fontan Operation: Investigations Into Possible Pathophysiologic Mechanisms. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
82: 695-700
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bellahcene, M., Jacquet, S., Cao, X. B., Tanno, M., Haworth, R. S., Layland, J., Kabir, A. M., Gaestel, M., Davis, R. J., Flavell, R. A., Shah, A. M., Avkiran, M., Marber, M. S.
(2006). Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Contributes to the Early Cardiodepressant Action of Tumor Necrosis Factor. J Am Coll Cardiol
48: 545-555
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kerkela, R., Force, T.
(2006). p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase: A Future Target for Heart Failure Therapy?. J Am Coll Cardiol
48: 556-558
[Full Text]
van der Harst, P., Voors, A. A., van Gilst, W. H., Bohm, M., van Veldhuisen, D. J.
(2006). Statins in the treatment of chronic heart failure: Biological and clinical considerations. Cardiovasc Res
71: 443-454
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kosar, F., Aksoy, Y., Ozguntekin, G., Ozerol, I., Varol, E.
(2006). Relationship between cytokines and tumour markers in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail
8: 270-274
[Abstract][Full Text]
Petkova-Kirova, P. S., Gursoy, E., Mehdi, H., McTiernan, C. F., London, B., Salama, G.
(2006). Electrical remodeling of cardiac myocytes from mice with heart failure due to the overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
290: H2098-H2107
[Abstract][Full Text]
Romero, D. G., Vergara, G. R., Zhu, Z., Covington, G. S., Plonczynski, M. W., Yanes, L. L., Gomez-Sanchez, E. P., Gomez-Sanchez, C. E.
(2006). Interleukin-8 Synthesis, Regulation, and Steroidogenic Role in H295R Human Adrenocortical Cells. Endocrinology
147: 891-898
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yu, C-M, Wong, R S-M, Wu, E B, Kong, S-L, Wong, J, Yip, G W-K, Soo, Y O Y, Chiu, M L S, Chan, Y-S, Hui, D, Lee, N, Wu, A, Leung, C-B, Sung, J J-Y
(2006). Cardiovascular complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Postgrad. Med. J.
82: 140-144
[Abstract][Full Text]
Horwich, T. B., Hamilton, M. A., Fonarow, G. C.
(2006). B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Obese Patients With Advanced Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol
47: 85-90
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rosner, M. H., Okusa, M. D.
(2006). Acute Kidney Injury Associated with Cardiac Surgery. CJASN
1: 19-32
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tousoulis, D., Antoniades, C., Vassiliadou, C., Toutouza, M., Pitsavos, C., Tentolouris, C., Trikas, A., Stefanadis, C.
(2005). Effects of combined administration of low dose atorvastatin and vitamin E on inflammatory markers and endothelial function in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail
7: 1126-1132
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nanami, M., Ookawara, T., Otaki, Y., Ito, K., Moriguchi, R., Miyagawa, K., Hasuike, Y., Izumi, M., Eguchi, H., Suzuki, K., Nakanishi, T.
(2005). Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}-Induced Iron Sequestration and Oxidative Stress in Human Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.
25: 2495-2501
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hall, G., Singh, I. S., Hester, L., Hasday, J. D., Rogers, T. B.
(2005). Inhibitor-{kappa}B kinase-{beta} regulates LPS-induced TNF-{alpha} production in cardiac myocytes through modulation of NF-{kappa}B p65 subunit phosphorylation. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
289: H2103-H2111
[Abstract][Full Text]
Grundmann, S., Hoefer, I., Ulusans, S., van Royen, N., Schirmer, S. H., Ozaki, C. K., Bode, C., Piek, J. J., Buschmann, I.
(2005). Anti-tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} therapies attenuate adaptive arteriogenesis in the rabbit. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
289: H1497-H1505
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ganta, C. K., Lu, N., Helwig, B. G., Blecha, F., Ganta, R. R., Zheng, L., Ross, C. R., Musch, T. I., Fels, R. J., Kenney, M. J.
(2005). Central angiotensin II-enhanced splenic cytokine gene expression is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
289: H1683-H1691
[Abstract][Full Text]
Anand, I. S., Latini, R., Florea, V. G., Kuskowski, M. A., Rector, T., Masson, S., Signorini, S., Mocarelli, P., Hester, A., Glazer, R., Cohn, J. N., for the Val-HeFT Investigators,
(2005). C-Reactive Protein in Heart Failure: Prognostic Value and the Effect of Valsartan. Circulation
112: 1428-1434
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schulze, P. C., Fang, J., Kassik, K. A., Gannon, J., Cupesi, M., MacGillivray, C., Lee, R. T., Rosenthal, N.
(2005). Transgenic Overexpression of Locally Acting Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Inhibits Ubiquitin-Mediated Muscle Atrophy in Chronic Left-Ventricular Dysfunction. Circ. Res.
97: 418-426
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kawano, S., Kubota, T., Monden, Y., Kawamura, N., Tsutsui, H., Takeshita, A., Sunagawa, K.
(2005). Blockade of NF-{kappa}B ameliorates myocardial hypertrophy in response to chronic infusion of angiotensin II. Cardiovasc Res
67: 689-698
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kassiri, Z., Oudit, G. Y., Sanchez, O., Dawood, F., Mohammed, F. F., Nuttall, R. K., Edwards, D. R., Liu, P. P., Backx, P. H., Khokha, R.
(2005). Combination of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Ablation and Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition Prevents Heart Failure After Pressure Overload in Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 Knock-Out Mice. Circ. Res.
97: 380-390
[Abstract][Full Text]
Avgeropoulou, C., Andreadou, I., Markantonis-Kyroudis, S., Demopoulou, M., Missovoulos, P., Androulakis, A., Kallikazaros, I.
(2005). The Ca2+-sensitizer levosimendan improves oxidative damage, BNP and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with advanced decompensated heart failure in comparison to dobutamine. Eur J Heart Fail
7: 882-887
[Abstract][Full Text]
Vanderheyden, M, Paulus, W J, Voss, M, Knuefermann, P, Sivasubramanian, N, Mann, D, Baumgarten, G
(2005). Myocardial cytokine gene expression is higher in aortic stenosis than in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart
91: 926-931
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kawamura, N., Kubota, T., Kawano, S., Monden, Y., Feldman, A. M., Tsutsui, H., Takeshita, A., Sunagawa, K.
(2005). Blockade of NF-{kappa}B improves cardiac function and survival without affecting inflammation in TNF-{alpha}-induced cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res
66: 520-529
[Abstract][Full Text]
Li, M., Georgakopoulos, D., Lu, G., Hester, L., Kass, D. A., Hasday, J., Wang, Y.
(2005). p38 MAP Kinase Mediates Inflammatory Cytokine Induction in Cardiomyocytes and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Heart. Circulation
111: 2494-2502
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kittleson, M. M., Minhas, K. M., Irizarry, R. A., Ye, S. Q., Edness, G., Breton, E., Conte, J. V., Tomaselli, G., Garcia, J. G. N., Hare, J. M.
(2005). Gene expression analysis of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy: shared and distinct genes in the development of heart failure. Physiol. Genomics
21: 299-307
[Abstract][Full Text]
Previous
