Circulating and tissue endothelin immunoreactivity in advanced atherosclerosis

Volume 325:997-1001		October 3, 1991		Number 14

Circulating and tissue endothelin immunoreactivity in advanced atherosclerosis

A Lerman, BS Edwards, JW Hallett, DM Heublein, SM Sandberg, and JC Burnett

Add to Personal Archive

Add to Citation Manager

Notify a Friend

E-mail When Cited

PubMed Citation

Abstract

BACKGROUND. Atherosclerosis is characterized by endothelial injury and the proliferation of arterial smooth-muscle cells. The latter may be a result of the release of growth factors from the vessel wall; such growth factors may include an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor for peptide with mitogenic properties. We tested the hypothesis that plasma endothelin concentrations are elevated in persons with symptomatic atherosclerosis, independently of age. METHODS. We measured plasma endothelin levels in 100 normal subjects and in 40 patients with atherosclerosis predominantly of the following types: aortic and peripheral vascular disease (14 patients), renovascular disease (9 patients) coronary artery disease (9 patients), and carotid disease (8 patients). We also performed immunohistochemical staining for endothelin in the walls of atherosclerotic vessels. RESULTS. In the normal subjects, the mean (+/- SD) plasma endothelin concentration was 1.4 +/- 0.2 pmol per liter, with no correlation between age and plasma endothelin concentration (r = 0.13, P = 0.2). In the patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis, the mean plasma endothelin concentration was 3.2 +/- 1.2 pmol per liter (P less than 0.001), and there was a significant correlation between plasma endothelin and the number of sites of disease involvement (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001). In the immunohistochemical studies, endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity was observed in vascular smooth muscle as well as in endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS. Endothelin may be a marker for arterial vascular disease. Whether it participates in the atherogenic process or is merely released from damaged endothelial cells is unclear.

Source Information

Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.

This article has been cited by other articles:

Dhaun, N., Goddard, J., Kohan, D. E., Pollock, D. M., Schiffrin, E. L., Webb, D. J. (2008). Role of Endothelin-1 in Clinical Hypertension: 20 Years On. Hypertension 52: 452-459 [Full Text]
Raichlin, E., Prasad, A., Mathew, V., Kent, B., Holmes, D. R. Jr, Pumper, G. M., Nelson, R. E., Lerman, L. O., Lerman, A. (2008). Efficacy and Safety of Atrasentan in Patients With Cardiovascular Risk and Early Atherosclerosis. Hypertension 52: 522-528 [Abstract] [Full Text]
He, G.-W., Liu, M.-H., Yang, Q., Furnary, A., Yim, A. P.C. (2007). Role of Endothelin-1 Receptor Antagonists in Vasoconstriction Mediated by Endothelin and Other Vasoconstrictors in Human Internal Mammary Artery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 84: 1522-1527 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Spagnoli, L. G., Bonanno, E., Sangiorgi, G., Mauriello, A. (2007). Role of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. JNM 48: 1800-1815 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Peppiatt-Wildman, C. M., Albert, A. P., Saleh, S. N., Large, W. A. (2007). Endothelin-1 activates a Ca2+-permeable cation channel with TRPC3 and TRPC7 properties in rabbit coronary artery myocytes. J. Physiol. 580: 755-764 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Halcox, J. P.J., Nour, K. R.A., Zalos, G., Quyyumi, A. A. (2007). Endogenous Endothelin in Human Coronary Vascular Function: Differential Contribution of Endothelin Receptor Types A and B. Hypertension 49: 1134-1141 [Abstract] [Full Text]
KOLIAKOS, G., BEFANI, C., PALETAS, K., KALOYIANNI, M. (2007). Effect of Endothelin on Sodium/Hydrogen Exchanger Activity of Human Monocytes and Atherosclerosis-Related Functions. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1095: 274-291 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Zhou, Y., Mitra, S., Varadharaj, S., Parinandi, N., Zweier, J. L., Flavahan, N. A. (2006). Increased Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 Mediates Enhanced Contraction to Endothelin ETA Receptor Stimulation in Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Knockout Mice. Circ. Res. 98: 1439-1445 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Muller, G., Catar, R. A., Niemann, B., Barton, M., Knels, L., Wendel, M., Morawietz, H. (2006). Upregulation of endothelin receptor B in human endothelial cells by low-density lipoproteins.. Exp. Biol. Med. 231: 766-771 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Jackson, C. D., Barnes, K., Homer-Vanniasinkam, S., Turner, A. J. (2006). Expression and localization of human endothelin-converting enzyme-1 isoforms in symptomatic atherosclerotic disease and saphenous vein.. Exp. Biol. Med. 231: 794-801 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Maguire, J. J., Wiley, K. E., Kuc, R. E., Stoneman, V. E. A., Bennett, M. R., Davenport, A. P. (2006). Endothelin-Mediated Vasoconstriction in Early Atherosclerosis Is Markedly Increased in ApoE-/- Mouse but Prevented by Atorvastatin.. Exp. Biol. Med. 231: 806-812 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Maeda, S., Jesmin, S., Iemitsu, M., Otsuki, T., Matsuo, T., Ohkawara, K., Nakata, Y., Tanaka, K., Goto, K., Miyauchi, T. (2006). Weight loss reduces plasma endothelin-1 concentration in obese men.. Exp. Biol. Med. 231: 1044-1047 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Dhaun, N., Goddard, J., Webb, DavidJ. (2006). The Endothelin System and Its Antagonism in Chronic Kidney Disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17: 943-955 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Gossl, M., Lerman, A. (2006). Endothelin: Beyond a Vasoconstrictor. Circulation 113: 1156-1158 [Full Text]
Sutherland, A. J., Nataatmadja, M. I., Walker, P. J., Cuttle, L., Garlick, R. B., West, M. J. (2006). Vascular Remodeling in the Internal Mammary Artery Graft and Association With In Situ Endothelin-1 and Receptor Expression. Circulation 113: 1180-1188 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Hall, W. L, Vafeiadou, K., Hallund, J., Bugel, S., Koebnick, C., Reimann, M., Ferrari, M., Branca, F., Talbot, D., Dadd, T., Nilsson, M., Dahlman-Wright, K., Gustafsson, J.-A., Minihane, A.-M., Williams, C. M (2005). Soy-isoflavone-enriched foods and inflammatory biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women: interactions with genotype and equol production. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82: 1260-1268 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Pyke, K. E, Tschakovsky, M. E (2005). The relationship between shear stress and flow-mediated dilatation: implications for the assessment of endothelial function. J. Physiol. 568: 357-369 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Stein, F. L. P., Schmidt, B., Furlong, E. B., Soares, L. A. S., Soares, M. C. F., Vaz, M. R. C., Baisch, A. L. M. (2005). Vascular Responses to Extractable Fractions of Ilex paraguariensis in Rats Fed Standard and High-Cholesterol Diets. Biol Res Nurs 7: 146-156 [Abstract]
Garovic, V. D., Textor, S. C. (2005). Renovascular Hypertension and Ischemic Nephropathy. Circulation 112: 1362-1374 [Full Text]
Alegria, J. R., Herrmann, J., Holmes, D. R. Jr, Lerman, A., Rihal, C. S. (2005). Myocardial bridging. Eur Heart J 26: 1159-1168 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Moreau, K. L., Gavin, K. M., Plum, A. E., Seals, D. R. (2005). Ascorbic Acid Selectively Improves Large Elastic Artery Compliance in Postmenopausal Women. Hypertension 45: 1107-1112 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ergul, A., Johansen, J. S., Stromhaug, C., Harris, A. K., Hutchinson, J., Tawfik, A., Rahimi, A., Rhim, E., Wells, B., Caldwell, R. W., Anstadt, M. P. (2005). Vascular Dysfunction of Venous Bypass Conduits Is Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species in Diabetes: Role of Endothelin-1. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 313: 70-77 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Chade, A. R., Herrmann, J., Zhu, X., Krier, J. D., Lerman, A., Lerman, L. O. (2005). Effects of Proteasome Inhibition on the Kidney in Experimental Hypercholesterolemia. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 16: 1005-1012 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Stokes, K. Y, Granger, D. N. (2005). The microcirculation: a motor for the systemic inflammatory response and large vessel disease induced by hypercholesterolaemia?. J. Physiol. 562: 647-653 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wang, Y., Wang, D. H. (2004). Prevention of endothelin-1-induced increases in blood pressure: role of endogenous CGRP. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 287: H1868-H1874 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Orio, F. Jr., Palomba, S., Cascella, T., De Simone, B., Di Biase, S., Russo, T., Labella, D., Zullo, F., Lombardi, G., Colao, A. (2004). Early Impairment of Endothelial Structure and Function in Young Normal-Weight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89: 4588-4593 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Tsui, J. C. S., Baker, D. M., Biecker, E., Shaw, S., Dashwood, M. R. (2004). Altered Endothelin-1 Levels in Acute Lower Limb Ischemia and Reperfusion. ANGIOLOGY 55: 533-539 [Abstract]
Monti, L. D., Landoni, C., Setola, E., Galluccio, E., Lucotti, P., Sandoli, E. P., Origgi, A., Lucignani, G., Piatti, P., Fazio, F. (2004). Myocardial insulin resistance associated with chronic hypertriglyceridemia and increased FFA levels in Type 2 diabetic patients. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 287: H1225-H1231 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Endemann, D. H., Schiffrin, E. L. (2004). Endothelial Dysfunction. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15: 1983-1992 [Abstract] [Full Text]
von Lueder, T. G, Kjekshus, H., Edvardsen, T., Oie, E., Urheim, S., Vinge, L. E., Ahmed, M. S., Smiseth, O. A, Attramadal, H. (2004). Mechanisms of elevated plasma endothelin-1 in CHF: congestion increases pulmonary synthesis and secretion of endothelin-1. Cardiovasc Res 63: 41-50 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Eskurza, I., Monahan, K. D., Robinson, J. A., Seals, D. R. (2004). Ascorbic acid does not affect large elastic artery compliance or central blood pressure in young and older men. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 286: H1528-H1534 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Eskurza, I., Monahan, K. D., Robinson, J. A., Seals, D. R. (2004). Effect of acute and chronic ascorbic acid on flow-mediated dilatation with sedentary and physically active human ageing. J. Physiol. 556: 315-324 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Chen, M.-C., Wu, C.-J., Yip, H.-K., Chang, H.-W., Chen, C.-J., Yu, T.-H., Hung, W. C. (2004). Increased Circulating Endothelin-1 in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis: Irrelevance to Left Atrial and Pulmonary Artery Pressures. Chest 125: 390-396 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Cardillo, C., Campia, U., Iantorno, M., Panza, J. A. (2004). Enhanced Vascular Activity of Endogenous Endothelin-1 in Obese Hypertensive Patients. Hypertension 43: 36-40 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Verma, S., Badiwala, M. V., Weisel, R. D., Li, S.-H., Wang, C.-H., Fedak, P. W. M., Li, R.-K., Mickle, D. A. G. (2003). C-reactive protein activates the nuclear factor-{kappa}B signal transduction pathway in saphenous vein endothelial cells: implications for atherosclerosis and restenosis. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 126: 1886-1891 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Arroyo-Espliguero, R., Mollichelli, N., Avanzas, P., Zouridakis, E., Newey, V. R, Nassiri, D. K, Kaski, J. C. (2003). Chronic inflammation and increased arterial stiffness in patients with cardiac syndrome X. Eur Heart J 24: 2006-2011 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Maeda, S., Tanabe, T., Miyauchi, T., Otsuki, T., Sugawara, J., Iemitsu, M., Kuno, S., Ajisaka, R., Yamaguchi, I., Matsuda, M. (2003). Aerobic exercise training reduces plasma endothelin-1 concentration in older women. J. Appl. Physiol. 95: 336-341 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Nohria, A., Garrett, L., Johnson, W., Kinlay, S., Ganz, P., Creager, M. A. (2003). Endothelin-1 and Vascular Tone in Subjects With Atherogenic Risk Factors. Hypertension 42: 43-48 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wolfrum, S., Jensen, K. S., Liao, J. K. (2003). Endothelium-Dependent Effects of Statins. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 23: 729-736 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kawanabe, Y., Hashimoto, N., Masaki, T. (2003). Involvements of Voltage-Independent Ca2+ Channels and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase in Endothelin-1-Induced PYK2 Tyrosine Phosphorylation. Mol. Pharmacol. 63: 808-813 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bonetti, P.O, Lerman, L.O, Napoli, C, Lerman, A (2003). Statin effects beyond lipid lowering--are they clinically relevant?. Eur Heart J 24: 225-248 [Full Text]
Kawanabe, Y., Hashimoto, N., Masaki, T. (2003). Role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in the nonselective cation channel activation by endothelin-1/endothelinB receptor. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 284: C506-C510 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bonetti, P. O., Lerman, L. O., Lerman, A. (2003). Endothelial Dysfunction: A Marker of Atherosclerotic Risk. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 23: 168-175 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Fennessy, F.M., Moneley, D.S., Wang, J.H., Kelly, C.J., Bouchier-Hayes, D.J. (2003). Taurine and Vitamin C Modify Monocyte and Endothelial Dysfunction in Young Smokers. Circulation 107: 410-415 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Piatti, P., Fragasso, G., Monti, L. D., Setola, E., Lucotti, P., Fermo, I., Paroni, R., Galluccio, E., Pozza, G., Chierchia, S., Margonato, A. (2003). Acute Intravenous l-Arginine Infusion Decreases Endothelin-1 Levels and Improves Endothelial Function in Patients With Angina Pectoris and Normal Coronary Arteriograms: Correlation With Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Levels. Circulation 107: 429-436 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Molero, L., Farre, J., Garcia-Mendez, A., Jimenez Mateos-Caceres, P., Carrasco Martin, C., Millas, I., Navarro, F., Cordoba, M., Casado, S., Lopez-Farre, A. (2003). Endothelin-1 induced proinflammatory markers in the myocardium and leukocytes of guinea-pigs: Role of glycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptors. Cardiovasc Res 57: 109-118 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ahlborg, G., Lindstrom, J. (2002). Insulin sensitivity and big ET-1 conversion to ET-1 after ETA- or ETB-receptor blockade in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 93: 2112-2121 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kawanabe, Y., Hashimoto, N., Masaki, T. (2002). Characterization of Ca2+ channels involved in ET-1-induced transactivation of EGF receptors. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 283: H2671-H2675 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Carlisle, R., Rhoads, C. A., Aw, T. Y., Harrison, L. (2002). Endothelial cells maintain a reduced redox environment even as mitochondrial function declines. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 283: C1675-C1686 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Murakoshi, N., Miyauchi, T., Kakinuma, Y., Ohuchi, T., Goto, K., Yanagisawa, M., Yamaguchi, I. (2002). Vascular Endothelin-B Receptor System In Vivo Plays a Favorable Inhibitory Role in Vascular Remodeling After Injury Revealed by Endothelin-B Receptor-Knockout Mice. Circulation 106: 1991-1998 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Cardillo, C., Campia, U., Bryant, M. B., Panza, J. A. (2002). Increased Activity of Endogenous Endothelin in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation 106: 1783-1787 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kawanabe, Y., Hashimoto, N., Masaki, T. (2002). Effects of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase on the Endothelin-1-Induced Activation of Voltage-Independent Ca2+ Channels and Mitogenesis in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Stably Expressing EndothelinA Receptor. Mol. Pharmacol. 62: 756-761 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Celermajer, D.S. (2002). Understanding the pathophysiology of the arterial wall: which method should we choose?. Eur Heart J Suppl 4: F24-F28 [Abstract]
Mangiafico, R. A., Malatino, L. S., Attina, T., Messina, R., Fiore, C. E. (2002). Exaggerated Endothelin Release in Response to Acute Mental Stress in Patients with Intermittent Claudication. ANGIOLOGY 53: 383-390 [Abstract]
Spieker, L. E., Hurlimann, D., Ruschitzka, F., Corti, R., Enseleit, F., Shaw, S., Hayoz, D., Deanfield, J. E., Luscher, T. F., Noll, G. (2002). Mental Stress Induces Prolonged Endothelial Dysfunction via Endothelin-A Receptors. Circulation 105: 2817-2820 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kalogeropoulou, K., Mortzos, G., Migdalis, I., Velentzas, C., Mikhailidis, D.P., Georgiadis, E., Cordopatis, P. (2002). Carotid Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Role of Endothelin-1, Lipoperoxides, and Prostacyclin. ANGIOLOGY 53: 279-285 [Abstract]
Quehenberger, P., Exner, M., Sunder-Plassmann, R., Ruzicka, K., Bieglmayer, C., Endler, G., Muellner, C., Speiser, W., Wagner, O. (2002). Leptin Induces Endothelin-1 in Endothelial Cells In Vitro. Circ. Res. 90: 711-718 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bohm, F., Ahlborg, G., Johansson, B.-L., Hansson, L.-O., Pernow, J. (2002). Combined Endothelin Receptor Blockade Evokes Enhanced Vasodilatation in Patients With Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 22: 674-679 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Meding, J., Dinkelborg, L. M., Grieshaber, M. K., Semmler, W. (2002). Targeting of Endothelin Receptors for Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis in Rabbits. JNM 43: 400-405 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lockowandt, U., Bjessmo, S., Ivert, T., Franco-Cereceda, A. (2002). Plasma levels and vascular effects of endothelin and big endothelin in patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris undergoing coronary bypass grafting. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 21: 218-223 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Metsarinne, K. P., Vehmaan-Kreula, P., Kovanen, P. T., Saijonmaa, O., Baumann, M., Wang, Y., Nyman, T., Fyhrquist, F. Y., Eklund, K. K. (2002). Activated Mast Cells Increase the Level of Endothelin-1 mRNA in Cocultured Endothelial Cells and Degrade the Secreted Peptide. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 22: 268-273 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kawanabe, Y., Hashimoto, N., Masaki, T. (2002). Ca2+ channels involved in endothelin-induced mitogenic response in carotid artery vascular smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 282: C330-C337 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kawanabe, Y., Okamoto, Y., Enoki, T., Hashimoto, N., Masaki, T. (2001). Ca2+ channels activated by endothelin-1 in CHO cells expressing endothelin-A or endothelin-B receptors. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 281: C1676-C1685 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Poredos, P. (2001). State-of-the-Art Review: Endothelial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. CLIN APPL THROMB HEMOST 7: 276-280 [Abstract]
FERNANDEZ-PATRON, C., ZOUKI, C., WHITTAL, R., CHAN, J. S. D., DAVIDGE, S. T., FILEP, J. G. (2001). Matrix metalloproteinases regulate neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion through generation of endothelin-1[1-32]. FASEB J. 15: 2230-2240 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kinlay, S., Behrendt, D., Wainstein, M., Beltrame, J., Fang, J. C., Creager, M. A., Selwyn, A. P., Ganz, P. (2001). Role of Endothelin-1 in the Active Constriction of Human Atherosclerotic Coronary Arteries. Circulation 104: 1114-1118 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Zouridakis, E.G., Schwartzman, R., Garcia-Moll, X., Cox, I.D., Fredericks, S., Holt, D.W., Kaski, J.C. (2001). Increased plasma endothelin levels in angina patients with rapid coronary artery disease progression. Eur Heart J 22: 1578-1584 [Abstract]
Gumina, R. J., Moore, J., Schelling, P., Beier, N., Gross, G. J. (2001). Na+/H+ exchange inhibition prevents endothelial dysfunction after I/R injury. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 281: H1260-H1266 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Petrie, M. C., Hillier, C., Johnston, F., McMurray, J. J.V. (2001). Effect of Neutral Endopeptidase Inhibition on the Actions of Adrenomedullin and Endothelin-1 in Resistance Arteries From Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Hypertension 38: 412-416 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Joffs, C., Walker, C. A., Hendrick, J. W., Fary, D. J., Almany, D. K., Davis, J. N., Goldberg, A. T., Crawford, F. A. Jr, Spinale, F. G. (2001). Endothelin receptor subtype A blockade selectively reduces pulmonary pressure after cardiopulmonary bypass. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 122: 365-370 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Irving, R.J., Noon, J.P., Watt, G.C.M., Webb, D.J., Walker, B.R. (2001). Activation of the endothelin system in insulin resistance. QJM 94: 321-326 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Spieker, L. E., Noll, G., Ruschitzka, F. T., Luscher, T. F. (2001). Endothelin receptor antagonists in congestive heart failure: a new therapeutic principle for the future?. J Am Coll Cardiol 37: 1493-1505 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Jhund, P. S., Dawson, N., Davie, A. P., Sattar, N., Norrie, J., O'Kane, K. P. J., McMurray, J. J. V. (2001). Attenuation of endothelin-1 induced vasoconstriction by 17{beta} estradiol is not sustained during long-term therapy in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 37: 1367-1373 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Duru, F., Barton, M., Luscher, T. F., Candinas, R. (2001). Endothelin and cardiac arrhythmias: do endothelin antagonists have a therapeutic potential as antiarrhythmic drugs?. Cardiovasc Res 49: 272-280 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Brehm, B.R, Wolf, S.C, Bertsch, D, Klaussner, M, Wesselborg, S, Schuler, S, Schulze-Osthoff, K (2001). Effects of nebivolol on proliferation and apoptosis of human coronary artery smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 49: 430-439 [Abstract] [Full Text]
MacCarthy, P. A., Pegge, N. C., Prendergast, B. D., Shah, A. M., Groves, P. H. (2001). The physiological role of endogenous endothelin in the regulation of human coronary vasomotor tone. J Am Coll Cardiol 37: 137-143 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Desideri, G., Gaspardone, A., Gentile, M., Santucci, A., Gioffre, P. A., Ferri, C. (2000). Endothelial Activation in Patients With Cardiac Syndrome X. Circulation 102: 2359-2364 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Luscher, T. F., Barton, M. (2000). Endothelins and Endothelin Receptor Antagonists : Therapeutic Considerations for a Novel Class of Cardiovascular Drugs. Circulation 102: 2434-2440 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Cardillo, C., Kilcoyne, C. M., Cannon, R. O. III, Panza, J. A. (2000). Increased activity of endogenous endothelin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 36: 1483-1488 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Babaei, S., Picard, P., Ravandi, A., Monge, J. C., Lee, T. C., Cernacek, P., Stewart, D. J. (2000). Blockade of endothelin receptors markedly reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor deficient mice: role of endothelin in macrophage foam cell formation. Cardiovasc Res 48: 158-167 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ruschitzka, F., Moehrlen, U., Quaschning, T., Lachat, M., Noll, G., Shaw, S., Yang, Z., Teupser, D., Subkowski, T., Turina, M. I., Luscher, T. F. (2000). Tissue Endothelin-Converting Enzyme Activity Correlates With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation 102: 1086-1092 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kaufmann, P. A., Gnecchi-Ruscone, T., Schafers, K. P., Luscher, T. F., Camici, P. G. (2000). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary microvascular dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 36: 103-109 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bilsel, A.S., Moini, H., Tetik, E., Aksungar, F., Kaynak, B., Ozer, A. (2000). 17{beta}-Estradiol modulates endothelin-1 expression and release in human endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 46: 579-584 [Abstract] [Full Text]
FAN, J., UNOKI, H., IWASA, S., WATANABE, T. (2000). Role of Endothelin-1 in Atherosclerosis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 902: 84-94 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Fei, J., Viedt, C., Soto, U., Elsing, C., Jahn, L., Kreuzer, J. (2000). Endothelin-1 and Smooth Muscle Cells : Induction of Jun Amino-Terminal Kinase Through an Oxygen Radical-Sensitive Mechanism. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 20: 1244-1249 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Grantham, J. A., Schirger, J. A., Wennberg, P. W., Sandberg, S., Heublein, D. M., Subkowski, T., Burnett, J. C. Jr (2000). Modulation of Functionally Active Endothelin-Converting Enzyme by Chronic Neutral Endopeptidase Inhibition in Experimental Atherosclerosis. Circulation 101: 1976-1981 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Stefanec, T. (2000). Endothelial Apoptosis: Could It Have a Role in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Disease?. Chest 117: 841-854 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Haapaniemi, E., Tatlisumak, T., Hamel, K., Soinne, L., Lanni, C., Opgenorth, T. J., Kaste, M. (2000). Plasma Endothelin-1 Levels Neither Increase nor Correlate With Neurological Scores, Stroke Risk Factors, or Outcome in Patients With Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 31: 720-725 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mostaza, J. M., Gomez, M. V., Gallardo, F., Salazar, M. L., Martin-Jadraque, R., Plaza-Celemin, L., Gonzalez-Maqueda, I., Martin-Jadraque, L. (2000). Cholesterol reduction improves myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with coronary artery disease and average cholesterol levels. J Am Coll Cardiol 35: 76-82 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Maeda, Y., Ikeda, U., Oya, K.-i., Shimpo, M., Ueno, S., Okada, K., Saito, T., Mano, H., Ozawa, K., Shimada, K. (2000). Endogenously Generated Nitric Oxide by Nitric-Oxide Synthase Gene Transfer Inhibits Cellular Proliferation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 292: 387-393 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wei, C., Burnett, J. C. Jr. (2000). Inhibition by calcium antagonism of circulating and renal endothelin in experimental congestive heart failure. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 278: H263-H268 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Piatti, P., Fragasso, G., Monti, L. D., Caumo, A., Van Phan, C., Valsecchi, G., Costa, S., Fochesato, E., Pozza, G., Pontiroli, A. E., Chierchia, S. (1999). Endothelial and metabolic characteristics of patients with angina and angiographically normal coronary arteries: Comparison with subjects with insulin resistance syndrome and normal controls. J Am Coll Cardiol 34: 1452-1460 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Gobel, H., Ihling, C., Dentz, J., Schaefer, H. E., Zeiher, A. M., Fraedrich, G. (1999). Increased tissue endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity in the internal mammary artery of patients with diabetes or hypercholesterolemia modulates the graft flow in the peri-operative period. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 14: 367-372 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Iwasaki, H., Eguchi, S., Ueno, H., Marumo, F., Hirata, Y. (1999). Endothelin-Mediated Vascular Growth Requires p42/p44 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and p70 S6 Kinase Cascades via Transactivation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Endocrinology 140: 4659-4668 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Delerive, P., Martin-Nizard, F., Chinetti, G., Trottein, F., Fruchart, J.-C., Najib, J., Duriez, P., Staels, B. (1999). Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Activators Inhibit Thrombin-Induced Endothelin-1 Production in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells by Inhibiting the Activator Protein-1 Signaling Pathway. Circ. Res. 85: 394-402 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wilson, C., Hunt, S.-J., Tang, E., Wright, N., Kelly, E., Palmer, S., Heys, C., Mellor, S., James, R., Bialecki, R. (1999). Pharmacological Profile of ZD1611, a Novel, Orally Active Endothelin ETA Receptor Antagonist. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 290: 1085-1091 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Drexler, H. (1999). Nitric oxide and coronary endothelial dysfunction in humans. Cardiovasc Res 43: 572-579 [Full Text]
Sullivan, M. E., Thompson, C. S., Dashwood, M. R., Khan, M. A., Jeremy, J. Y., Morgan, R. J., Mikhailidis, D. P. (1999). Nitric oxide and penile erection: Is erectile dysfunction another manifestation of vascular disease?. Cardiovasc Res 43: 658-665 [Abstract] [Full Text]
de Valk-de Roo, G. W., Stehouwer, C. D.A., Lambert, J., Schalkwijk, C. G., van der Mooren, M. J., Kluft, C., Netelenbos, C. (1999). Plasma Homocysteine Is Weakly Correlated with Plasma Endothelin and von Willebrand Factor but not with Endothelium-dependent Vasodilatation in Healthy Postmenopausal Women. Clin. Chem. 45: 1200-1205 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Thorin, E., Parent, R., Ming, Z., Lavallee, M. (1999). Contribution of endogenous endothelin to large epicardial coronary artery tone in dogs and humans. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 277: H524-H532 [Abstract] [Full Text]

Comments and questions? Please contact us.