BACKGROUND. Constriction of small pulmonary arteries and arterioles and focal vascular injury are features of pulmonary hypertension. Because thromboxane A2 is both a vasoconstrictor and a potent stimulus for platelet aggregation, it may be an important mediator of pulmonary hypertension. Its effects are antagonized by prostacyclin, which is released by vascular endothelial cells. We tested the hypothesis that there may be an imbalance between the release of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin in pulmonary hypertension, reflecting platelet activation and an abnormal response of the pulmonary vascular endothelium. METHODS. We used radioimmunoassays to measure the 24-hour urinary excretion of two stable metabolites of thromboxane A2 and a metabolite of prostacyclin in 20 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, 14 with secondary pulmonary hypertension, 9 with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but no clinical evidence of pulmonary hypertension, and 23 normal controls. RESULTS. The 24-hour excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2) was increased in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension and patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension, as compared with normal controls (3224 +/- 482, 5392 +/- 1640, and 1145 +/- 221 pg per milligram of creatinine, respectively; P less than 0.05), whereas the 24-hour excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (a stable metabolite of prostacyclin) was decreased (369 +/- 106, 304 +/- 76, and 644 +/- 124 pg per milligram of creatinine, respectively; P less than 0.05). The rate of excretion of all metabolites in the patients with COPD but no clinical evidence of pulmonary hypertension was similar to that in the normal controls. CONCLUSIONS. An increase in the release of the vasoconstrictor thromboxane A2, suggesting the activation of platelets, occurs in both the primary and secondary forms of pulmonary hypertension. By contrast, the release of prostacyclin is depressed in these patients. Whether the imbalance in the release of these mediators is a cause or a result of pulmonary hypertension is unknown, but it may play a part in the development and maintenance of both forms of the disorder.
Source Information
Center for Lung Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.
This article has been cited by other articles:
Izikki, M., Raffestin, B., Klar, J., Hatzelmann, A., Marx, D., Tenor, H., Zadigue, P., Adnot, S., Eddahibi, S.
(2009). Effects of Roflumilast, a Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor, on Hypoxia- and Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
330: 54-62
[Abstract][Full Text]
Morrell, N. W., Adnot, S., Archer, S. L., Dupuis, J., Lloyd Jones, P., MacLean, M. R., McMurtry, I. F., Stenmark, K. R., Thistlethwaite, P. A., Weissmann, N., Yuan, J. X.-J., Weir, E. K.
(2009). Cellular and molecular basis of pulmonary arterial hypertension.. J Am Coll Cardiol
54: S20-S31
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ghofrani, H. A., Barst, R. J., Benza, R. L., Champion, H. C., Fagan, K. A., Grimminger, F., Humbert, M., Simonneau, G., Stewart, D. J., Ventura, C., Rubin, L. J.
(2009). Future perspectives for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.. J Am Coll Cardiol
54: S108-S117
[Abstract][Full Text]
PELED, N., SHITRIT, D., FOX, B. D., SHLOMI, D., AMITAL, A., BENDAYAN, D., KRAMER, M. R.
(2009). Peripheral Arterial Stiffness and Endothelial Dysfunction in Idiopathic and Scleroderma Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. The Journal of Rheumatology
36: 970-975
[Abstract][Full Text]
McLaughlin, V. V., Archer, S. L., Badesch, D. B., Barst, R. J., Farber, H. W., Lindner, J. R., Mathier, M. A., McGoon, M. D., Park, M. H., Rosenson, R. S., Rubin, L. J., Tapson, V. F., Varga, J.
(2009). ACCF/AHA 2009 Expert Consensus Document on Pulmonary Hypertension: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents and the American Heart Association Developed in Collaboration With the American College of Chest Physicians; American Thoracic Society, Inc.; and the Pulmonary Hypertension Association. J Am Coll Cardiol
53: 1573-1619
[Full Text]
Writing Committee Members, , McLaughlin, V. V., Archer, S. L., Badesch, D. B., Barst, R. J., Farber, H. W., Lindner, J. R., Mathier, M. A., McGoon, M. D., Park, M. H., Rosenson, R. S., Rubin, L. J., Tapson, V. F., Varga, J.
(2009). ACCF/AHA 2009 Expert Consensus Document on Pulmonary Hypertension: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents and the American Heart Association: Developed in Collaboration With the American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, Inc., and the Pulmonary Hypertension Association. Circulation
119: 2250-2294
[Full Text]
Rich, S.
(2009). The Effects of Vasodilators in Pulmonary Hypertension: Pulmonary Vascular or Peripheral Vascular?. Circ Heart Fail
2: 145-150
[Full Text]
Olschewski, H.
(2009). Inhaled iloprost for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. ERR
18: 29-34
[Abstract][Full Text]
McGoon, M. D., Kane, G. C.
(2009). Pulmonary Hypertension: Diagnosis and Management. Mayo Clin Proc.
84: 191-207
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wideman, R. F., Bowen, O. T., Erf, G. F.
(2009). Broiler pulmonary hypertensive responses during lipopolysaccharide-induced tolerance and cyclooxygenase inhibition. Poult. Sci.
88: 72-85
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mukhopadhyay, S., Lee, J., Sehgal, P. B.
(2008). Depletion of the ATPase NSF from Golgi membranes with hypo-S-nitrosylation of vasorelevant proteins in endothelial cells exposed to monocrotaline pyrrole. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
295: H1943-H1955
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schermuly, R. T., Stasch, J-P., Pullamsetti, S. S., Middendorff, R., Muller, D., Schluter, K-D., Dingendorf, A., Hackemack, S., Kolosionek, E., Kaulen, C., Dumitrascu, R., Weissmann, N., Mittendorf, J., Klepetko, W., Seeger, W., Ghofrani, H. A., Grimminger, F.
(2008). Expression and function of soluble guanylate cyclase in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J
32: 881-891
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kuwano, K., Hashino, A., Noda, K., Kosugi, K., Kuwabara, K.
(2008). A Long-Acting and Highly Selective Prostacyclin Receptor Agonist Prodrug, 2-{4-[(5,6-Diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)(isopropyl)amino]butoxy}-N-(methylsulfonyl)acetamide (NS-304), Ameliorates Rat Pulmonary Hypertension with Unique Relaxant Responses of Its Active Form, {4-[(5,6-Diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)(isopropyl)amino]butoxy}acetic Acid (MRE-269), on Rat Pulmonary Artery. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
326: 691-699
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ventetuolo, C. E., Benza, R. L., Peacock, A. J., Zamanian, R. T., Badesch, D. B., Kawut, S. M.
(2008). Surrogate and Combined End Points in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Proc Am Thorac Soc
5: 617-622
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lai, Y.-J., Pullamsetti, S. S., Dony, E., Weissmann, N., Butrous, G., Banat, G.-A., Ghofrani, H. A., Seeger, W., Grimminger, F., Schermuly, R. T.
(2008). Role of the Prostanoid EP4 Receptor in Iloprost-mediated Vasodilatation in Pulmonary Hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
178: 188-196
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cathcart, M.-C., Tamosiuniene, R., Chen, G., Neilan, T. G., Bradford, A., O'Byrne, K. J., Fitzgerald, D. J., Pidgeon, G. P.
(2008). Cyclooxygenase-2-Linked Attenuation of Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension and Intravascular Thrombosis. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
326: 51-58
[Abstract][Full Text]
Benza, R. L., Rayburn, B. K., Tallaj, J. A., Pamboukian, S. V., Bourge, R. C.
(2008). Treprostinil-Based Therapy in the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Long-term Efficacy and Combination With Bosentan. Chest
134: 139-145
[Abstract][Full Text]
De Franceschi, L., Platt, O. S., Malpeli, G., Janin, A., Scarpa, A., Leboeuf, C., Beuzard, Y., Payen, E., Brugnara, C.
(2008). Protective effects of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibition in the early phase of pulmonary arterial hypertension in transgenic sickle cell mice. FASEB J.
22: 1849-1860
[Abstract][Full Text]
Li, M., Kuo, L., Stallone, J. N.
(2008). Estrogen potentiates constrictor prostanoid function in female rat aorta by upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane pathway expression. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
294: H2444-H2455
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sellers, M. M., Stallone, J. N.
(2008). Sympathy for the devil: the role of thromboxane in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
294: H1978-H1986
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chin, K. M., Rubin, L. J.
(2008). Pulmonary arterial hypertension.. J Am Coll Cardiol
51: 1527-1538
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fredenburgh, L. E., Liang, O. D., Macias, A. A., Polte, T. R., Liu, X., Riascos, D. F., Chung, S. W., Schissel, S. L., Ingber, D. E., Mitsialis, S. A., Kourembanas, S., Perrella, M. A.
(2008). Absence of Cyclooxygenase-2 Exacerbates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension and Enhances Contractility of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Circulation
117: 2114-2122
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dony, E., Lai, Y-J., Dumitrascu, R., Pullamsetti, S. S., Savai, R., Ghofrani, H. A., Weissmann, N., Schudt, C., Flockerzi, D., Seeger, W., Grimminger, F., Schermuly, R. T.
(2008). Partial reversal of experimental pulmonary hypertension by phosphodiesterase-3/4 inhibition. Eur Respir J
31: 599-610
[Abstract][Full Text]
El-Haroun, H., Clarke, D. L., Deacon, K., Bradbury, D., Clayton, A., Sutcliffe, A., Knox, A. J.
(2008). IL-1{beta}, BK, and TGF-{beta}1 attenuate PGI2-mediated cAMP formation in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by multiple mechanisms involving p38 MAP kinase and PKA. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.
294: L553-L562
[Abstract][Full Text]
National Pulmonary Hypertension Centres of the UK,
(2008). Consensus statement on the management of pulmonary hypertension in clinical practice in the UK and Ireland. Heart
94: i1-i41
[Full Text]
National Pulmonary Hypertension Centres of the UK,
(2008). Consensus statement on the management of pulmonary hypertension in clinical practice in the UK and Ireland. Thorax
63: ii1-ii41
[Full Text]
Archer, S. L., Gomberg-Maitland, M., Maitland, M. L., Rich, S., Garcia, J. G. N., Weir, E. K.
(2008). Mitochondrial metabolism, redox signaling, and fusion: a mitochondria-ROS-HIF-1{alpha}-Kv1.5 O2-sensing pathway at the intersection of pulmonary hypertension and cancer. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
294: H570-H578
[Abstract][Full Text]
Obata, H., Sakai, Y., Ohnishi, S., Takeshita, S., Mori, H., Kodama, M., Kangawa, K., Aizawa, Y., Nagaya, N.
(2008). Single Injection of a Sustained-release Prostacyclin Analog Improves Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
177: 195-201
[Abstract][Full Text]
McSwain, C. S., Benza, R., Shapiro, S., Hill, N., Schilz, R., Elliott, C. G., Zwicke, D. L., Oudiz, R. J., Staszewski, J. P., Arneson, C. P., Wade, M., Zaccardelli, D., McLaughlin, V.
(2008). Dose Proportionality of Treprostinil Sodium Administered by Continuous Subcutaneous and Intravenous Infusion. J Clin Pharmacol
48: 19-25
[Abstract][Full Text]
Meyrick, B. O., Friedman, D. B., Billheimer, D. D., Cogan, J. D., Prince, M. A., Phillips, J. A. III, Loyd, J. E.
(2008). Proteomics of Transformed Lymphocytes from a Family with Familial Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
177: 99-107
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ito, T., Okada, T., Mimuro, J., Miyashita, H., Uchibori, R., Urabe, M., Mizukami, H., Kume, A., Takahashi, M., Ikeda, U., Sakata, Y., Shimada, K., Ozawa, K.
(2007). Adenoassociated Virus Mediated Prostacyclin Synthase Expression Prevents Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats. Hypertension
50: 531-536
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jain, S., Ventura, H., deBoisblanc, B.
(2007). Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. SEMIN CARDIOTHORAC VASC ANESTH
11: 104-109
[Abstract]
Takaoka, S., Faul, J. L., Doyle, R.
(2007). Current Therapies for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. SEMIN CARDIOTHORAC VASC ANESTH
11: 137-148
[Abstract]
Zhang, S., Patel, H. H., Murray, F., Remillard, C. V., Schach, C., Thistlethwaite, P. A., Insel, Paul. A., Yuan, J. X.-J.
(2007). Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from normal subjects and IPAH patients show divergent cAMP-mediated effects on TRPC expression and capacitative Ca2+ entry. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.
292: L1202-L1210
[Abstract][Full Text]
Diller, G.-P., Gatzoulis, M. A.
(2007). Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease. Circulation
115: 1039-1050
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ohno, Y., Hatabu, H., Murase, K., Higashino, T., Nogami, M., Yoshikawa, T., Sugimura, K.
(2007). Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: 3D Dynamic Perfusion MRI for Quantitative Analysis of Regional Pulmonary Perfusion. Am. J. Roentgenol.
188: 48-56
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shim, J. K., Choi, Y. S., Oh, Y. J., Kim, D. H., Hong, Y. W., Kwak, Y. L.
(2006). Effect of oral sildenafil citrate on intraoperative hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing valvular heart surgery. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
132: 1420-1425
[Abstract][Full Text]
Johnson, S. R., Mehta, S., Granton, J. T.
(2006). Anticoagulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a qualitative systematic review.. Eur Respir J
28: 999-1004
[Abstract][Full Text]
Steiner, M. K., Preston, I. R., Klinger, J. R., Criner, G. J., Waxman, A. B., Farber, H. W., Hill, N. S.
(2006). Conversion to bosentan from prostacyclin infusion therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a pilot study.. Chest
130: 1471-1480
[Abstract][Full Text]
Channick, R. N., Olschewski, H., Seeger, W., Staub, T., Voswinckel, R., Rubin, L. J.
(2006). Safety and Efficacy of Inhaled Treprostinil as Add-On Therapy to Bosentan in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol
48: 1433-1437
[Abstract][Full Text]
Said, S. I.
(2006). Mediators and modulators of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.
291: L547-L558
[Abstract][Full Text]
McLaughlin, V. V., McGoon, M. D.
(2006). Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation
114: 1417-1431
[Full Text]
Peacock, A., Simonneau, G., Rubin, L.
(2006). Controversies, Uncertainties and Future Research on the Treatment of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. Proc Am Thorac Soc
3: 608-614
[Abstract][Full Text]
Johnson, S. R., Granton, J. T., Mehta, S.
(2006). Thrombotic Arteriopathy and Anticoagulation in Pulmonary Hypertension.. Chest
130: 545-552
[Abstract][Full Text]
Guignabert, C., Izikki, M., Tu, L. I., Li, Z., Zadigue, P., Barlier-Mur, A.-M., Hanoun, N., Rodman, D., Hamon, M., Adnot, S., Eddahibi, S.
(2006). Transgenic Mice Overexpressing the 5-Hydroxytryptamine Transporter Gene in Smooth Muscle Develop Pulmonary Hypertension. Circ. Res.
98: 1323-1330
[Abstract][Full Text]
Robbins, I. M., Kawut, S. M., Yung, D., Reilly, M. P., Lloyd, W., Cunningham, G., Loscalzo, J., Kimmel, S. E., Christman, B. W., Barst, R. J.
(2006). A study of aspirin and clopidogrel in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.. Eur Respir J
27: 578-584
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kataoka, M., Nagaya, N., Satoh, T., Itoh, T., Murakami, S., Iwase, T., Miyahara, Y., Kyotani, S., Sakai, Y., Kangawa, K., Ogawa, S.
(2005). A Long-Acting Prostacyclin Agonist with Thromboxane Inhibitory Activity for Pulmonary Hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
172: 1575-1580
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mouthon, L., Guillevin, L., Humbert, M.
(2005). Pulmonary arterial hypertension: an autoimmune disease?. Eur Respir J
26: 986-988
[Full Text]
Sandifer, B. L., Brigham, K. L., Lawrence, E. C., Mottola, D., Cuppels, C., Parker, R. E.
(2005). Potent effects of aerosol compared with intravenous treprostinil on the pulmonary circulation. J. Appl. Physiol.
99: 2363-2368
[Abstract][Full Text]
Stevens, T.
(2005). Molecular and Cellular Determinants of Lung Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity. Chest
128: 558S-564S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lam, C.-F., Peterson, T. E., Croatt, A. J., Nath, K. A., Katusic, Z. S.
(2005). Functional adaptation and remodeling of pulmonary artery in flow-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
289: H2334-H2341
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zaiman, A., Fijalkowska, I., Hassoun, P. M., Tuder, R. M.
(2005). One Hundred Years of Research in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.
33: 425-431
[Full Text]
Wu, W., Silbajoris, R. A., Whang, Y. E., Graves, L. M., Bromberg, P. A., Samet, J. M.
(2005). p38 and EGF receptor kinase-mediated activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway is required for Zn2+-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.
289: L883-L889
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kawut, S. M., Horn, E. M., Berekashvili, K. K., Widlitz, A. C., Rosenzweig, E. B., Barst, R. J.
(2005). von Willebrand Factor Independently Predicts Long-term Survival in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chest
128: 2355-2362
[Abstract][Full Text]
Li, M., Stallone, J. N.
(2005). Estrogen potentiates vasopressin-induced contraction of female rat aorta by enhancing cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane function. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
289: H1542-H1550
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rubin, L. J., Badesch, D. B.
(2005). Evaluation and Management of the Patient with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. ANN INTERN MED
143: 282-292
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fike, C. D., Zhang, Y., Kaplowitz, M. R.
(2005). Thromboxane inhibition reduces an early stage of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in piglets. J. Appl. Physiol.
99: 670-676
[Abstract][Full Text]
Song, Y., Jones, J. E., Beppu, H., Keaney, J. F. Jr, Loscalzo, J., Zhang, Y.-Y.
(2005). Increased Susceptibility to Pulmonary Hypertension in Heterozygous BMPR2-Mutant Mice. Circulation
112: 553-562
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shin, B. S., Do, Y. S., Lee, B. B., Kim, D. I., Chung, I. S., Cho, H. S., Kim, M. H., Kim, G. S., Kim, C. S., Byun, H. S., Shin, S. W., Park, K. B.
(2005). Multistage Ethanol Sclerotherapy of Soft-Tissue Arteriovenous Malformations: Effect on Pulmonary Arterial Pressure. Radiology
235: 1072-1077
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cogolludo, A., Moreno, L., Lodi, F., Tamargo, J., Perez-Vizcaino, F.
(2005). Postnatal maturational shift from PKC{zeta} and voltage-gated K+ channels to RhoA/Rho kinase in pulmonary vasoconstriction. Cardiovasc Res
66: 84-93
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yuan, J. X.-J., Rubin, L. J.
(2005). Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: The Need for Multiple Hits. Circulation
111: 534-538
[Full Text]
Phillips, P. G., Long, L., Wilkins, M. R., Morrell, N. W.
(2005). cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors potentiate effects of prostacyclin analogs in hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.
288: L103-L115
[Abstract][Full Text]
Task Force members, , Galie, N., Torbicki, A., Barst, R., Dartevelle, P., Haworth, S., Higenbottam, T., Olschewski, H., Peacock, A., Pietra, G., Rubin, L. J., Simonneau, G.
(2004). Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: The Task Force on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J
25: 2243-2278
[Full Text]
Pidgeon, G. P., Tamosiuniene, R., Chen, G., Leonard, I., Belton, O., Bradford, A., Fitzgerald, D. J.
(2004). Intravascular Thrombosis After Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Regulation by Cyclooxygenase-2. Circulation
110: 2701-2707
[Abstract][Full Text]
Farber, H. W., Loscalzo, J.
(2004). Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. NEJM
351: 1655-1665
[Full Text]
Humbert, M., Sitbon, O., Simonneau, G.
(2004). Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. NEJM
351: 1425-1436
[Full Text]
Hoeper, M.M., Dinh-Xuan, A.T.
(2004). Combination therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: still more questions than answers. Eur Respir J
24: 339-340
[Full Text]
Humbert, M., Barst, R.J., Robbins, I.M., Channick, R.N., Galie, N., Boonstra, A., Rubin, L.J., Horn, E.M., Manes, A., Simonneau, G.
(2004). Combination of bosentan with epoprostenol in pulmonary arterial hypertension: BREATHE-2. Eur Respir J
24: 353-359
[Abstract][Full Text]
Badesch, D. B., Abman, S. H., Ahearn, G. S., Barst, R. J., McCrory, D. C., Simonneau, G., McLaughlin, V. V.
(2004). Medical Therapy For Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest
126: 35S-62S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Newman, J. H., Fanburg, B. L., Archer, S. L., Badesch, D. B., Barst, R. J., Garcia, J. G.N., Kao, P. N., Knowles, J. A., Loyd, J. E., McGoon, M. D., Morse, J. H., Nichols, W. C., Rabinovitch, M., Rodman, D. M., Stevens, T., Tuder, R. M., Voelkel, N. F., Gail, D. B.
(2004). Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Future Directions: Report of a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/Office of Rare Diseases Workshop. Circulation
109: 2947-2952
[Full Text]
Humbert, M., Morrell, N. W., Archer, S. L., Stenmark, K. R., MacLean, M. R., Lang, I. M., Christman, B. W., Weir, E. K., Eickelberg, O., Voelkel, N. F., Rabinovitch, M.
(2004). Cellular and molecular pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol
43: 13S-24S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Badesch, D. B., McLaughlin, V. V., Delcroix, M., Vizza, C., Olschewski, H., Sitbon, O., Barst, R. J.
(2004). Prostanoid therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol
43: 56S-61S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rubin, L. J., Galie, N.
(2004). Pulmonary arterial hypertension: a look to the future. J Am Coll Cardiol
43: 89S-90S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Peacock, A., Naeije, R., Galie, N., Reeves, J.T.
(2004). End points in pulmonary arterial hypertension: the way forward. Eur Respir J
23: 947-953
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schermuly, R. T., Kreisselmeier, K. P., Ghofrani, H. A., Samidurai, A., Pullamsetti, S., Weissmann, N., Schudt, C., Ermert, L., Seeger, W., Grimminger, F.
(2004). Antiremodeling Effects of Iloprost and the Dual-Selective Phosphodiesterase 3/4 Inhibitor Tolafentrine in Chronic Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Circ. Res.
94: 1101-1108
[Abstract][Full Text]
Leuchte, H. H., Holzapfel, M., Baumgartner, R. A., Ding, I., Neurohr, C., Vogeser, M., Kolbe, T., Schwaiblmair, M., Behr, J.
(2004). Clinical significance of brain natriuretic peptide in primary pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol
43: 764-770
[Abstract][Full Text]
El-Haroun, H., Bradbury, D., Clayton, A., Knox, A. J.
(2004). Interleukin-1{beta}, Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1, and Bradykinin Attenuate Cyclic AMP Production by Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells in Response to Prostacyclin Analogues and Prostaglandin E2 by Cyclooxygenase-2 Induction and Downregulation of Adenylyl Cyclase Isoforms 1, 2, and 4. Circ. Res.
94: 353-361
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pfister, S. L.
(2004). Role of Platelet Microparticles in the Production of Thromboxane by Rabbit Pulmonary Artery. Hypertension
43: 428-433
[Abstract][Full Text]
Budhiraja, R., Tuder, R. M., Hassoun, P. M.
(2004). Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation
109: 159-165
[Full Text]
Cogolludo, A., Moreno, L., Bosca, L., Tamargo, J., Perez-Vizcaino, F.
(2003). Thromboxane A2-Induced Inhibition of Voltage-Gated K+ Channels and Pulmonary Vasoconstriction: Role of Protein Kinase C{zeta}. Circ. Res.
93: 656-663
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kao, P. N., Faul, J. L.
(2003). Emerging therapies for pulmonary hypertension: Striving for efficacy and safety. J Am Coll Cardiol
41: 2126-2129
[Full Text]
Ameshima, S., Golpon, H., Cool, C. D., Chan, D., Vandivier, R. W., Gardai, S. J., Wick, M., Nemenoff, R. A., Geraci, M. W., Voelkel, N. F.
(2003). Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR{gamma}) Expression Is Decreased in Pulmonary Hypertension and Affects Endothelial Cell Growth. Circ. Res.
92: 1162-1169
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zhao, Y. D., Campbell, A. I.M., Robb, M., Ng, D., Stewart, D. J.
(2003). Protective Role of Angiopoietin-1 in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Circ. Res.
92: 984-991
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ono, F., Nagaya, N., Okumura, H., Shimizu, Y., Kyotani, S., Nakanishi, N., Miyatake, K.
(2003). Effect of Orally Active Prostacyclin Analogue on Survival in Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Without Major Vessel Obstruction. Chest
123: 1583-1588
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mehta, S.
(2003). Sildenafil for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Exciting, But Protection Required. Chest
123: 989-992
[Full Text]
Budhiraja, R., Hassoun, P. M.
(2003). Portopulmonary Hypertension: A Tale of Two Circulations. Chest
123: 562-576
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fike, C. D., Kaplowitz, M. R., Pfister, S. L.
(2003). Arachidonic acid metabolites and an early stage of pulmonary hypertension in chronically hypoxic newborn pigs. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.
284: L316-L323
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chen, L., He, H., Mondejar, E. F., Hedenstierna, G.
(2003). Cyclooxygenase inhibitor blocks rebound response after NO inhalation in an endotoxin model. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
284: H290-H298
[Abstract][Full Text]
Eddahibi, S., Morrell, N., d'Ortho, M-P., Naeije, R., Adnot, S.
(2002). Pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J
20: 1559-1572
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rubin, L. J.
(2002). Therapy of Pulmonary Hypertension: The Evolution from Vasodilators to Antiproliferative Agents. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
166: 1308-1309
[Full Text]
Wort, S. J., Woods, M., Warner, T. D., Evans, T. W., Mitchell, J. A.
(2002). Cyclooxygenase-2 Acts as an Endogenous Brake on Endothelin-1 Release by Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells: Implications for Pulmonary Hypertension. Mol. Pharmacol.
62: 1147-1153
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fulton, C. T., Stallone, J. N.
(2002). Sexual dimorphism in prostanoid-potentiated vascular contraction: roles of endothelium and ovarian steroids. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
283: H2062-H2073
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yokoyama, C., Yabuki, T., Shimonishi, M., Wada, M., Hatae, T., Ohkawara, S., Takeda, J., Kinoshita, T., Okabe, M., Tanabe, T.
(2002). Prostacyclin-Deficient Mice Develop Ischemic Renal Disorders, Including Nephrosclerosis and Renal Infarction. Circulation
106: 2397-2403
[Abstract][Full Text]
Galie, N., Manes, A., Branzi, A.
(2002). The new clinical trials on pharmacological treatment in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J
20: 1037-1049
[Abstract][Full Text]
Spiekerkoetter, E., Fabel, H., Hoeper, M.M.
(2002). Effects of inhaled salbutamol in primary pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J
20: 524-528
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ueno, M., Miyauchi, T., Sakai, S., Yamauchi-Kohno, R., Goto, K., Yamaguchi, I.
(2002). A combination of oral endothelin-areceptor antagonist and oral prostacyclinanalogue is superior to each drug alone inameliorating pulmonary hypertension in rats. J Am Coll Cardiol
40: 175-181
[Abstract][Full Text]
Previous
