BACKGROUND. Primary pulmonary hypertension is a progressive, fatal disease of unknown cause. Vasodilator drugs have been used as a treatment, but their efficacy is uncertain. METHODS. We treated 64 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension with high doses of calcium-channel blockers. Patients who responded to treatment (defined as those whose pulmonary-artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance immediately fell by more than 20 percent after challenge) were treated for up to five years. Their survival was compared with that of the patients who did not respond and with patients enrolled in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Registry on Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. Warfarin was given to 55 percent of the patients as concurrent therapy, on the basis of a lung scan showing nonuniformity of pulmonary blood flow (47 percent of patients who responded and 57 percent of those who did not respond). RESULTS. Seventeen patients (26 percent) responded to treatment, as indicated by a 39 percent fall in pulmonary-artery pressure and a 53 percent fall in the pulmonary-vascular-resistance index (P less than 0.001). Nifedipine (mean [+/- SD] daily dose, 172 +/- 41 mg) was given to 13 patients, and diltiazem (mean daily dose, 720 +/- 208 mg) was given to 4 patients. After five years, 94 percent of the patients who responded (16 of 17) were alive, as compared with 55 percent of the patients who did not respond (26 of 47, P = 0.003). The survival of the patients who responded was also significantly better than that of the NIH registry cohort (P = 0.002) and patients from the NIH registry who were treated at the University of Illinois (P = 0.001). The use of warfarin was associated with improved survival (P = 0.025), particularly in the patients who did not respond. CONCLUSIONS. This study suggests that high doses of calcium-channel blockers in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension who respond with reductions in pulmonary-artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance may improve survival over a five-year period.
Source Information
Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago 60680.
This article has been cited by other articles:
Rai, P. R., Cool, C. D., King, J. A. C., Stevens, T., Burns, N., Winn, R. A., Kasper, M., Voelkel, N. F.
(2008). The Cancer Paradigm of Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
178: 558-564
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ghofrani, H. A., Wilkins, M. W., Rich, S.
(2008). Uncertainties in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation
118: 1195-1201
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wells, A U, Hirani, N, on behalf of the BTS Interstitial Lung Disease Gui,
(2008). Interstitial lung disease guideline. Thorax
63: v1-v58
[Full Text]
Boutet, K., Montani, D., Jais, X., Yaici, A., Sitbon, O., Simonneau, G., Humbert, M.
(2008). Review: Therapeutic advances in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease
2: 249-265
[Abstract]
Provencher, S., Herve, P., Sitbon, O., Humbert, M., Simonneau, G., Chemla, D.
(2008). Changes in exercise haemodynamics during treatment in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J
32: 393-398
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pope, J
(2008). An update in pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus - do we need to know about it?. Lupus
17: 274-277
[Abstract]
Ohno, T., Muneuchi, J., Ihara, K., Yuge, T., Kanaya, Y., Yamaki, S., Hara, T.
(2008). Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Congenital Portosystemic Venous Shunt: A Previously Unrecognized Association. Pediatrics
121: e892-e899
[Abstract][Full Text]
National Pulmonary Hypertension Centres of the UK,
(2008). Consensus statement on the management of pulmonary hypertension in clinical practice in the UK and Ireland. Heart
94: i1-i41
[Full Text]
National Pulmonary Hypertension Centres of the UK,
(2008). Consensus statement on the management of pulmonary hypertension in clinical practice in the UK and Ireland. Thorax
63: ii1-ii41
[Full Text]
Ataga, K. I., Moore, C. G., Hillery, C. A., Jones, S., Whinna, H. C., Strayhorn, D., Sohier, C., Hinderliter, A., Parise, L. V., Orringer, E. P.
(2008). Coagulation activation and inflammation in sickle cell disease-associated pulmonary hypertension. haematol
93: 20-26
[Abstract][Full Text]
Thenappan, T., Shah, S. J., Rich, S., Gomberg-Maitland, M.
(2007). A USA-based registry for pulmonary arterial hypertension: 1982 2006. Eur Respir J
30: 1103-1110
[Abstract][Full Text]
White, R. J., Meoli, D. F., Swarthout, R. F., Kallop, D. Y., Galaria, I. I., Harvey, J. L., Miller, C. M., Blaxall, B. C., Hall, C. M., Pierce, R. A., Cool, C. D., Taubman, M. B.
(2007). Plexiform-like lesions and increased tissue factor expression in a rat model of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.
293: L583-L590
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bloch, K. D., Ichinose, F., Roberts, J. D. Jr., Zapol, W. M.
(2007). Inhaled NO as a therapeutic agent. Cardiovasc Res
75: 339-348
[Abstract][Full Text]
Anthi, A., Machado, R. F., Jison, M. L., Taveira-DaSilva, A. M., Rubin, L. J., Hunter, L., Hunter, C. J., Coles, W., Nichols, J., Avila, N. A., Sachdev, V., Chen, C. C., Gladwin, M. T.
(2007). Hemodynamic and Functional Assessment of Patients with Sickle Cell Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
175: 1272-1279
[Abstract][Full Text]
Edelman, J. D.
(2007). Clinical Presentation, Differential Diagnosis, and Vasodilator Testing of Pulmonary Hypertension. SEMIN CARDIOTHORAC VASC ANESTH
11: 110-118
[Abstract]
Takaoka, S., Faul, J. L., Doyle, R.
(2007). Current Therapies for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. SEMIN CARDIOTHORAC VASC ANESTH
11: 137-148
[Abstract]
Widlitz, A. C., McDevitt, S., Ward, G. R., Krichman, A.
(2007). Practical Aspects of Continuous Intravenous Treprostinil Therapy. Crit Care Nurse
27: 41-50
[Full Text]
Schach, C., Xu, M., Platoshyn, O., Keller, S. H., Yuan, J. X.-J.
(2007). Thiol oxidation causes pulmonary vasodilation by activating K+ channels and inhibiting store-operated Ca2+ channels. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.
292: L685-L698
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wittbrodt, E. T, Abubakar, A.
(2007). Sitaxsentan for Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
41: 100-105
[Abstract][Full Text]
Barst, R. J., Galie, N., Naeije, R., Simonneau, G., Jeffs, R., Arneson, C., Rubin, L. J.
(2006). Long-term outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients treated with subcutaneous treprostinil. Eur Respir J
28: 1195-1203
[Abstract][Full Text]
Johnson, S. R., Mehta, S., Granton, J. T.
(2006). Anticoagulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a qualitative systematic review.. Eur Respir J
28: 999-1004
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fox, D J, Khattar, R S
(2006). Pulmonary arterial hypertension: classification, diagnosis and contemporary management. Postgrad. Med. J.
82: 717-722
[Full Text]
Rich, S.
(2006). The current treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: time to redefine success.. Chest
130: 1198-1202
[Abstract][Full Text]
McLaughlin, V. V., McGoon, M. D.
(2006). Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation
114: 1417-1431
[Full Text]
Gurbanov, E., Shiliang, X.
(2006). The key role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension.. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.
30: 499-507
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ulrich, S., Fischler, M., Speich, R., Popov, V., Maggiorini, M.
(2006). Chronic thromboembolic and pulmonary arterial hypertension share acute vasoreactivity properties.. Chest
130: 841-846
[Abstract][Full Text]
Trow, T. K.
(2006). Clinical Year in Review II: Occupational Lung Disease, Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Bronchiectasis, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc
3: 557-560
[Full Text]
Johnson, S. R., Granton, J. T., Mehta, S.
(2006). Thrombotic Arteriopathy and Anticoagulation in Pulmonary Hypertension.. Chest
130: 545-552
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zhao, Y. D., Courtman, D. W., Ng, D. S., Robb, M. J., Deng, Y. P., Trogadis, J., Han, R. N. N., Stewart, D. J.
(2006). Microvascular Regeneration in Established Pulmonary Hypertension by Angiogenic Gene Transfer. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.
35: 182-189
[Abstract][Full Text]
Deb, S., Yun, J., Burton, N., Omron, E., Thurber, J., Nathan, S. D.
(2006). Reversal of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and allograft pneumonectomy after single lung transplantation.. Chest
130: 214-217
[Abstract][Full Text]
Elliott, C. G., Glissmeyer, E. W., Havlena, G. T., Carlquist, J., McKinney, J. T., Rich, S., McGoon, M. D., Scholand, M. B., Kim, M., Jensen, R. L., Schmidt, J. W., Ward, K.
(2006). Relationship of BMPR2 Mutations to Vasoreactivity in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation
113: 2509-2515
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rubin, L. J.
(2006). Pulmonary arterial hypertension.. Proc Am Thorac Soc
3: 111-115
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mehta, S, Shoemaker, G J
(2005). Improving survival in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: revisiting the "kingdom of the near-dead". Thorax
60: 981-983
[Full Text]
Peacock, A J
(2005). Pulmonary hypertension after splenectomy: a consequence of loss of the splenic filter or is there something more?. Thorax
60: 983-984
[Full Text]
Newman, J. H.
(2005). Pulmonary Hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
172: 1072-1077
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ogawa, A., Nakamura, K., Matsubara, H., Fujio, H., Ikeda, T., Kobayashi, K., Miyazaki, I., Asanuma, M., Miyaji, K., Miura, D., Kusano, K. F., Date, H., Ohe, T.
(2005). Prednisolone Inhibits Proliferation of Cultured Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells of Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation
112: 1806-1812
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rubin, L. J., Badesch, D. B.
(2005). Evaluation and Management of the Patient with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. ANN INTERN MED
143: 282-292
[Abstract][Full Text]
Aldashev, A A, Kojonazarov, B K, Amatov, T A, Sooronbaev, T M, Mirrakhimov, M M, Morrell, N W, Wharton, J, Wilkins, M R
(2005). Phosphodiesterase type 5 and high altitude pulmonary hypertension. Thorax
60: 683-687
[Abstract][Full Text]
Humpl, T., Reyes, J. T., Holtby, H., Stephens, D., Adatia, I.
(2005). Beneficial Effect of Oral Sildenafil Therapy on Childhood Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Twelve-Month Clinical Trial of a Single-Drug, Open-Label, Pilot Study. Circulation
111: 3274-3280
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sitbon, O., Humbert, M., Jais, X., Ioos, V., Hamid, A. M., Provencher, S., Garcia, G., Parent, F., Herve, P., Simonneau, G.
(2005). Long-Term Response to Calcium Channel Blockers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation
111: 3105-3111
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ford, K.
(2005). Pulmonary artery hypertension: new drug treatment in children. EDUCATION AND PRACTICE
90: ep15-ep20
[Full Text]
Wilkins, M. R., Paul, G. A., Strange, J. W., Tunariu, N., Gin-Sing, W., Banya, W. A., Westwood, M. A., Stefanidis, A., Ng, L. L., Pennell, D. J., Mohiaddin, R. H., Nihoyannopoulos, P., Gibbs, J. S. R.
(2005). Sildenafil versus Endothelin Receptor Antagonist for Pulmonary Hypertension (SERAPH) Study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
171: 1292-1297
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bossone, E., Bodini, B. D., Mazza, A., Allegra, L.
(2005). Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: The Key Role of Echocardiography. Chest
127: 1836-1843
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lee, A. J, Chiao, T. B, Tsang, M. P
(2005). Sildenafil for Pulmonary Hypertension. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
39: 869-884
[Abstract][Full Text]
Souza, R., Bogossian, H. B., Humbert, M., Jardim, C., Rabelo, R., Amato, M. B. P., Carvalho, C. R. R.
(2005). N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide as a haemodynamic marker in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J
25: 509-513
[Abstract][Full Text]
McLaughlin, V. V., Sitbon, O., Badesch, D. B., Barst, R. J., Black, C., Galie, N., Rainisio, M., Simonneau, G., Rubin, L. J.
(2005). Survival with first-line bosentan in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J
25: 244-249
[Abstract][Full Text]
Novick, W. M., Sandoval, N., Lazorhysynets, V. V., Castillo, V., Baskevitch, A., Mo, X., Reid, R. W., Marinovic, B., Di Sessa, T. G.
(2005). Flap Valve Double Patch Closure of Ventricular Septal Defects in Children With Increased Pulmonary Vascular Resistance. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
79: 21-28
[Abstract][Full Text]
Task Force members, , Galie, N., Torbicki, A., Barst, R., Dartevelle, P., Haworth, S., Higenbottam, T., Olschewski, H., Peacock, A., Pietra, G., Rubin, L. J., Simonneau, G.
(2004). Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: The Task Force on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J
25: 2243-2278
[Full Text]
Rodriguez-Roisin, R., Krowka, M.J., Herve, Ph., Fallon, M.B., on behalf of the ERS Task Force Pulmonary-Hepatic,
(2004). Pulmonary-Hepatic vascular Disorders (PHD). Eur Respir J
24: 861-880
[Full Text]
Kasimir, M.-T., Seebacher, G., Jaksch, P., Winkler, G., Schmid, K., Marta, G. M., Simon, P., Klepetko, W.
(2004). Reverse cardiac remodelling in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension after isolated lung transplantation. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.
26: 776-781
[Abstract][Full Text]
Langleben, D., Hirsch, A. M., Shalit, E., Lesenko, L., Barst, R. J.
(2004). Sustained Symptomatic, Functional, and Hemodynamic Benefit With the Selective Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonist, Sitaxsentan, in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A 1-Year Follow-up Study. Chest
126: 1377-1381
[Abstract][Full Text]
Humbert, M., Sitbon, O., Simonneau, G.
(2004). Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. NEJM
351: 1425-1436
[Full Text]
Yu, Y., Fantozzi, I., Remillard, C. V., Landsberg, J. W., Kunichika, N., Platoshyn, O., Tigno, D. D., Thistlethwaite, P. A., Rubin, L. J., Yuan, J. X.-J.
(2004). Enhanced expression of transient receptor potential channels in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
101: 13861-13866
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hachulla, E, Coghlan, J G
(2004). A new era in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension related to scleroderma: endothelin receptor antagonism. Ann Rheum Dis
63: 1009-1014
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yung, D., Widlitz, A. C., Rosenzweig, E. B., Kerstein, D., Maislin, G., Barst, R. J.
(2004). Outcomes in Children With Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation
110: 660-665
[Abstract][Full Text]
Halank, M, Marx, C, Hoeffken, G
(2004). Long term survival in primary pulmonary hypertension. Heart
90: e40-e40
[Abstract][Full Text]
Badesch, D. B., Abman, S. H., Ahearn, G. S., Barst, R. J., McCrory, D. C., Simonneau, G., McLaughlin, V. V.
(2004). Medical Therapy For Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest
126: 35S-62S
[Abstract][Full Text]
McLaughlin, V. V., Presberg, K. W., Doyle, R. L., Abman, S. H., McCrory, D. C., Fortin, T., Ahearn, G.
(2004). Prognosis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension*: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest
126: 78S-92S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ichinose, F., Roberts, J. D. Jr, Zapol, W. M.
(2004). Inhaled Nitric Oxide: A Selective Pulmonary Vasodilator: Current Uses and Therapeutic Potential. Circulation
109: 3106-3111
[Full Text]
Newman, J. H., Fanburg, B. L., Archer, S. L., Badesch, D. B., Barst, R. J., Garcia, J. G.N., Kao, P. N., Knowles, J. A., Loyd, J. E., McGoon, M. D., Morse, J. H., Nichols, W. C., Rabinovitch, M., Rodman, D. M., Stevens, T., Tuder, R. M., Voelkel, N. F., Gail, D. B.
(2004). Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Future Directions: Report of a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/Office of Rare Diseases Workshop. Circulation
109: 2947-2952
[Full Text]
Galie, N., Seeger, W., Naeije, R., Simonneau, G., Rubin, L. J.
(2004). Comparative analysis of clinical trials and evidence-based treatment algorithm in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol
43: 81S-88S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Peacock, A., Naeije, R., Galie, N., Reeves, J.T.
(2004). End points in pulmonary arterial hypertension: the way forward. Eur Respir J
23: 947-953
[Abstract][Full Text]
Confalonieri, M., Antonaglia, V., Lucangelo, U., Gullo, A., Humbert, M., Simonneau, G.
(2004). Sildenafil in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
169: 1256-1257
[Full Text]
Younger, J. R., Lui, C. Y.
(2004). Paradoxical Effect of Prostacyclin Infusion in a Patient with Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: A Case Report. ANGIOLOGY
55: 341-344
[Abstract]
Bildirici, I, Shumway, J B.
(2004). Intravenous and Inhaled Epoprostenol for Primary Pulmonary Hypertension During Pregnancy and Delivery. Obstet Gynecol
103: 1102-1105
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sastry, B. K. S., Narasimhan, C., Reddy, N. K., Raju, B. S.
(2004). Clinical efficacy of sildenafil in primary pulmonary hypertension: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. J Am Coll Cardiol
43: 1149-1153
[Abstract][Full Text]
Eells, P. L.
(2004). Advances in Prostacyclin Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Crit Care Nurse
24: 42-54
[Full Text]
Berman Rosenzweig, E., Schmitt, K. A., Garofano, R., Barst, R. J.
(2004). Identical Twins With Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: Beraprost vs Epoprostenol. Chest
125: 1157-1160
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nagaya, N., Kyotani, S., Uematsu, M., Ueno, K., Oya, H., Nakanishi, N., Shirai, M., Mori, H., Miyatake, K., Kangawa, K.
(2004). Effects of Adrenomedullin Inhalation on Hemodynamics and Exercise Capacity in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation
109: 351-356
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mehta, S.
(2003). Drug Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: What's on the Menu Today?. Chest
124: 2045-2049
[Full Text]
Highland, K. B., Strange, C., Mazur, J., Simpson, K. N.
(2003). Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Preliminary Decision Analysis. Chest
124: 2087-2092
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mukerjee, D, St George, D, Coleiro, B, Knight, C, Denton, C P, Davar, J, Black, C M, Coghlan, J G
(2003). Prevalence and outcome in systemic sclerosis associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: application of a registry approach. Ann Rheum Dis
62: 1088-1093
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cogolludo, A., Moreno, L., Bosca, L., Tamargo, J., Perez-Vizcaino, F.
(2003). Thromboxane A2-Induced Inhibition of Voltage-Gated K+ Channels and Pulmonary Vasoconstriction: Role of Protein Kinase C{zeta}. Circ. Res.
93: 656-663
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sharma, S.
(2003). Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Step Forward. Chest
124: 8-11
[Full Text]
Sitbon, O., Badesch, D. B., Channick, R. N., Frost, A., Robbins, I. M., Simonneau, G., Tapson, V. F., Rubin, L. J.
(2003). Effects of the Dual Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Bosentan in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A 1-Year Follow-up Study. Chest
124: 247-254
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fruhwald, F. M., Kjellstrom, B., Perthold, W., Watzinger, N., Maier, R., Grandjean, P. A., Klein, W.
(2003). Continuous Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pulmonary Hypertensive Patients Treated With Inhaled Iloprost. Chest
124: 351-359
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kanazawa, H, Hirata, K, Yoshikawa, J
(2003). Effects of captopril administration on pulmonary haemodynamics and tissue oxygenation during exercise in ACE gene subtypes in patients with COPD: a preliminary study. Thorax
58: 629-631
[Abstract][Full Text]
Murphey, L. M, Hood, E. H
(2003). Bosentan and Warfarin Interaction. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
37: 1028-1031
[Abstract][Full Text]
Siddiqui, A K, Ahmed, S
(2003). Pulmonary manifestations of sickle cell disease. Postgrad. Med. J.
79: 384-390
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nunes, H., Humbert, M., Sitbon, O., Morse, J. H., Deng, Z., Knowles, J. A., Le Gall, C., Parent, F., Garcia, G., Herve, P., Barst, R. J., Simonneau, G.
(2003). Prognostic Factors for Survival in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
167: 1433-1439
[Abstract][Full Text]
Peacock, A. J
(2003). Treatment of pulmonary hypertension. BMJ
326: 835-836
[Full Text]
Mehta, S.
(2003). Sildenafil for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Exciting, But Protection Required. Chest
123: 989-992
[Full Text]
Gibbs, J.S. R, Wharton, J., Wilkins, M. R
(2003). Pulmonary arterial hypertension and the vasoconstrictive factor: is there still a role for vasodilator testing?. Eur Heart J
24: 297-298
[Full Text]
Budhiraja, R., Hassoun, P. M.
(2003). Portopulmonary Hypertension: A Tale of Two Circulations. Chest
123: 562-576
[Abstract][Full Text]
Widlitz, A., Barst, R.J.
(2003). Pulmonary arterial hypertension in children. Eur Respir J
21: 155-176
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chemla, D., Castelain, V., Herve, P., Lecarpentier, Y., Brimioulle, S.
(2002). Haemodynamic evaluation of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J
20: 1314-1331
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shitrit, D., Bendayan, D., Bar-Gil-Shitrit, A., Huerta, M., Rudensky, B., Fink, G., Kramer, M. R.
(2002). Significance of a Plasma D-dimer Test in Patients With Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. Chest
122: 1674-1678
[Abstract][Full Text]
Galie, N., Manes, A., Branzi, A.
(2002). The new clinical trials on pharmacological treatment in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J
20: 1037-1049
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chatterjee, K., De Marco, T., Alpert, J. S.
(2002). Pulmonary Hypertension: Hemodynamic Diagnosis and Management. Arch Intern Med
162: 1925-1933
[Abstract][Full Text]
Okumura, H., Nagaya, N., Kyotani, S., Sakamaki, F., Nakanishi, N., Fukuhara, S., Yutani, C.
(2002). Effects of Continuous IV Prostacyclin in a Patient With Pulmonary Veno-occlusive Disease*. Chest
122: 1096-1098
[Abstract][Full Text]
Littera, R., La Nasa, G., Derchi, G., Cappellini, M. D., Chang, C. Y. P., Contu, L.
(2002). Long-term treatment with oral sildenafil in a thalassemic patient with pulmonary hypertension. Blood
100: 1516-1517
[Full Text]
Ueno, M., Miyauchi, T., Sakai, S., Yamauchi-Kohno, R., Goto, K., Yamaguchi, I.
(2002). A combination of oral endothelin-areceptor antagonist and oral prostacyclinanalogue is superior to each drug alone inameliorating pulmonary hypertension in rats. J Am Coll Cardiol
40: 175-181
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sweeney, M., Yu, Y., Platoshyn, O., Zhang, S., McDaniel, S. S., Yuan, J. X.-J.
(2002). Inhibition of endogenous TRP1 decreases capacitative Ca2+ entry and attenuates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.
283: L144-L155
[Abstract][Full Text]
Barst, R. J., Rich, S., Widlitz, A., Horn, E. M., McLaughlin, V., McFarlin, J.
(2002). Clinical Efficacy of Sitaxsentan, an Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonist, in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension* : Open-Label Pilot Study. Chest
121: 1860-1868
[Abstract][Full Text]
Michelakis, E., Tymchak, W., Lien, D., Webster, L., Hashimoto, K., Archer, S.
(2002). Oral Sildenafil Is an Effective and Specific Pulmonary Vasodilator in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comparison With Inhaled Nitric Oxide. Circulation
105: 2398-2403
[Abstract][Full Text]
Previous
