Background Platelets are believed to play a part in the ischemiccomplications of coronary angioplasty, such as abrupt closureof the coronary vessel during or soon after the procedure. Accordingly,we evaluated the effect of a chimeric monoclonal-antibody Fabfragment (c7E3 Fab) directed against the platelet glycoproteinIIb/IIIa receptor, in patients undergoing angioplasty who wereat high risk for ischemic complications. This receptor is thefinal common pathway for platelet aggregation.
Methods In a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, 2099patients treated at 56 centers received a bolus and an infusionof placebo, a bolus of c7E3 Fab and an infusion of placebo,or a bolus and an infusion of c7E3 Fab. They were scheduledto undergo coronary angioplasty or atherectomy in high-riskclinical situations involving severe unstable angina, evolvingacute myocardial infarction, or high-risk coronary morphologiccharacteristics. The primary study end point consisted of anyof the following: death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unplannedsurgical revascularization, unplanned repeat percutaneous procedure,unplanned implantation of a coronary stent, or insertion ofan intraaortic balloon pump for refractory ischemia. The numbersof end-point events were tabulated for 30 days after randomization.
Results As compared with placebo, the c7E3 Fab bolus and infusionresulted in a 35 percent reduction in the rate of the primaryend point (12.8 vs. 8.3 percent, P = 0.008), whereas a 10 percentreduction was observed with the c7E3 Fab bolus alone (12.8 vs.11.5 percent, P = 0.43). The reduction in the number of eventswith the c7E3 Fab bolus and infusion was consistent across theend points of unplanned revascularization procedures and nonfatalmyocardial infarction. Bleeding episodes and transfusions weremore frequent in the group given the c7E3 Fab bolus and infusionthan in the other two groups.
Conclusions Ischemic complications of coronary angioplasty andatherectomy were reduced with a monoclonal antibody directedagainst the platelet IIb/IIIa glycoprotein receptor, althoughthe risk of bleeding was increased.
Source Information
From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. Dr. Califf, as the corresponding author, assumes overall responsibility for the contents of the manuscript.The principal investigators and study coordinators of the EPIC (Evaluation of 7E3 for the Prevention of Ischemic Complications) Study Group are listed in the Appendix.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Robert M. Califf at Box 31123, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.
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