A Prospective Evaluation of an Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease

doi:10.1056/NEJM199503163321103

Volume 332:706-712		March 16, 1995		Number 11

A Prospective Evaluation of an Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease

Klaus Lindpaintner, M.D., Marc A. Pfeffer, M.D., Ph.D., Reinhold Kreutz, M.D., Meir J. Stampfer, M.D., Dr.P.H., Francine Grodstein, Sc.D., Fran LaMotte, B.S., Julie Buring, Sc.D., and Charles H. Hennekens, M.D., Dr.P.H.

Full Text

PDF

Letters

Add to Personal Archive

Add to Citation Manager

Notify a Friend

E-mail When Cited

PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background In a previous study, men with a history of myocardialinfarction were found to have an increased prevalence of homozygosityfor the deletional allele (D) of the angiotensin-converting–enzyme(ACE) gene. The D allele is associated with higher levels ofACE, which may predispose a person to ischemic heart disease.We investigated the association between the ACE genotype andthe incidence of myocardial infarction, as well as other manifestationsof ischemic heart disease, in a large, prospective cohort ofU.S. male physicians.

Methods In the Physicians' Health Study, ischemic heart diseaseas defined by angina, coronary revascularization, or myocardialinfarction developed in 1250 men by 1992. They were matchedwith 2340 controls according to age and smoking history. Zygosityfor the deletion–insertion (D–I) polymorphism ofthe ACE gene was determined by an assay based on the polymerasechain reaction. Data were analyzed for both matched pairs andunmatched samples, with adjustment for the effects of knownor suspected risk factors by conditional and nonconditionallogistic regression, respectively.

Results The ACE genotype was not associated with the occurrenceof either ischemic heart disease or myocardial infarction. Theadjusted relative risk associated with the D allele was 1.07(95 percent confidence interval, 0.96 to 1.19; P = 0.24) forischemic heart disease and 1.05 (95 percent confidence interval,0.89 to 1.25; P = 0.56) for myocardial infarction, if an additivemode of inheritance is assumed. Additional analyses assumingdominant and recessive effects of the D allele also failed toshow any association, as did the examination of low-risk subgroups.

Conclusions In a large, prospectively followed population ofU.S. male physicians, the presence of the D allele of the ACEgene conferred no appreciable increase in the risk of ischemicheart disease or myocardial infarction.

Source Information

From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Diseases (K.L., M.A.P., R.K.) and Preventive Medicine (F.L., J.B., C.H.H.), and the Channing Laboratory (M.J.S., F.G.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; the Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital (K.L.); the Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School (J.B., C.H.H.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health (M.J.S., C.H.H.) — all in Boston.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Lindpaintner at the Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115.

Full Text of this Article

Related Letters:

Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Genotype and Ischemic Heart Disease
Meyer B. R., Vashishtha A., Hillis G., Al-Mohammad A., Jennings K., Ohishi M., Rakugi H., Higaki J., Miki T., Ogihara T., Lindpaintner K., Hennekens C. H.
Extract | Full Text
N Engl J Med 1995; 333:458-460, Aug 17, 1995. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

Min Pan, , Jiang, M.-H., Wei, M.-F., Liu, Z.-H., Jiang, W.-P., Geng, H.-H., Cui, Z.-C., Zhang, D.-L., Zhu, J.-H. (2009). Association of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene 2350G>A Polymorphism With Myocardial Infarction in a Chinese Population. CLIN APPL THROMB HEMOST 15: 435-442 [Abstract]
Konoshita, T., Kato, N., Fuchs, S., Mizuno, S., Aoyama, C., Motomura, M., Makino, Y., Wakahara, S., Inoki, I., Miyamori, I., Pinet, F., for the Genomic Disease Outcome Consortium (G-DOC), (2009). Genetic Variant of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Diabetes Influences Blood Pressure Response to Angiotensin Receptor Blockers. Diabetes Care 32: 1485-1490 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bunout, D., Barrera, G., de la Maza, M. P., Leiva, L., Backhouse, C., Hirsch, S. (2009). Effects of enalapril or nifedipine on muscle strength or functional capacity in elderly subjects. A double blind trial. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 10: 77-84 [Abstract]
Settin, A., ElBaz, R., Abbas, A., Abd-Al-Samad, A., Noaman, A. (2009). Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in Egyptian patients with myocardial infarction. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 10: 96-100 [Abstract]
Yang, J.-K., Gong, Y.-Y., Liang Xie, , Lian, S.-G., Juan Yang, , Xu, L.-Y., Gao, S.-J., Zhang, Y.-P. (2009). Lack of genetic association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and longevity in a Han Chinese population. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 10: 115-118 [Abstract]
Ozben, B., Altun, I., Sabri Hancer, V., Bilge, A. K., Tanrikulu, A. M., Diz-Kucukkaya, R., Fak, A. S., Yilmaz, E., Adalet, K. (2008). Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: is DD genotype helpful in predicting syncope risk?. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 9: 215-220 [Abstract]
Zintzaras, E., Raman, G., Kitsios, G., Lau, J. (2008). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Gene Polymorphic Variant as a Marker of Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 168: 1077-1089 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bonnet, F., Patel, S., Laville, M., Balkau, B., Favuzzi, A., Monti, L. D., Lalic, N., Walker, M., on behalf of the European Group for the Study of I, (2008). Influence of the ACE Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism on Insulin Sensitivity and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Healthy Subjects. Diabetes Care 31: 789-794 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Yamin, C., Amir, O., Sagiv, M., Attias, E., Meckel, Y., Eynon, N., Sagiv, M., Amir, R. E. (2007). ACE ID genotype affects blood creatine kinase response to eccentric exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 103: 2057-2061 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Amir, O., Amir, R., Yamin, C., Attias, E., Eynon, N., Sagiv, M., Sagiv, M., Meckel, Y. (2007). Human, Environmental & Exercise: The ACE deletion allele is associated with Israeli elite endurance athletes. Exp Physiol 92: 881-886 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ertas, F. S., Hasan, T., Ozdol, C., Gulec, S., Atmaca, Y., Tulunay, C., Karabulut, H., Kocum, H. T., Dincer, I., Kose, K. S., Erol, C. (2007). Relationship Between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Severity of Aortic Valve Calcification. Mayo Clin Proc. 82: 944-948 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Yazdanpanah, M., Aulchenko, Y. S., Hofman, A., Janssen, J. A.M.J.L., Sayed-Tabatabaei, F. A., van Schaik, R. H.N., Klungel, O. H., Stricker, B. H.C.H., Pols, H. A.P., Witteman, J. C.M., Lamberts, S. W.J., Oostra, B. A., van Duijn, C. M. (2007). Effects of the Renin-Angiotensin System Genes and Salt Sensitivity Genes on Blood Pressure and Atherosclerosis in the Total Population and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 56: 1905-1912 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Adamzik, M., Frey, U., Sixt, S., Knemeyer, L., Beiderlinden, M., Peters, J., Siffert, W. (2007). ACE I/D but not AGT (-6)A/G polymorphism is a risk factor for mortality in ARDS. Eur Respir J 29: 482-488 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bilici, A., Ulgen, M. S., Nazaroglu, H., Ozturk, O., Ekici, F., Akgul, C., Alan, B. (2007). The Effect of ACE Gene Polymorphisms on Doppler Blood Flow Parameters of Carotid and Brachial Arteries in Patients With Myocardial Infarction. ANGIOLOGY 57: 681-685 [Abstract]
Sugimoto, M., Furuta, T., Shirai, N., Ikuma, M., Sugimura, H., Hishida, A. (2006). Influences of chymase and Angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms on gastric cancer risks in Japan.. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 15: 1929-1934 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ashley, E. A., Kardos, A., Jack, E. S., Habenbacher, W., Wheeler, M., Kim, Y. M., Froning, J., Myers, J., Whyte, G., Froelicher, V., Douglas, P. (2006). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Genotype Predicts Cardiac and Autonomic Responses to Prolonged Exercise. J Am Coll Cardiol 48: 523-531 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sanada, H., Yatabe, J., Midorikawa, S., Hashimoto, S., Watanabe, T., Moore, J. H., Ritchie, M. D., Williams, S. M., Pezzullo, J. C., Sasaki, M., Eisner, G. M., Jose, P. A., Felder, R. A. (2006). Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Diagnosis of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Clin. Chem. 52: 352-360 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Schelleman, H., Klungel, O. H, van Duijn, C. M, Witteman, J. C., Hofman, A., de Boer, A., Stricker, B. H. (2006). Drug-Gene Interaction Between the Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene and Antihypertensive Therapy. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 40: 212-218 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Chunlan Yan, , Jinbiao Zhan, , Weihong Feng, (2005). Gene Polymorphisms of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Two Ethnic Groups Living in Zhejiang Province, China. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 6: 132-137 [Abstract]
Gonzalez-Zuloeta Ladd, A. M., Arias Vasquez, A., Sayed-Tabatabaei, F. A., Coebergh, J.W., Hofman, A., Njajou, O., Stricker, B., van Duijn, C. (2005). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 14: 2143-2146 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Catarsi, P., Ravazzolo, R., Emma, F., Fruci, D., Finos, L., Frau, A., Morreale, G., Carrea, A., Ghiggeri, G. M. (2005). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) haplotypes and cyclosporine A (CsA) response: a model of the complex relationship between ACE quantitative trait locus and pathological phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 14: 2357-2367 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Koch, W., Latz, W., Eichinger, M., Ganser, C., Schomig, A., Kastrati, A. (2005). Genotyping of the Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism by the TaqMan Method. Clin. Chem. 51: 1547-1549 [Full Text]
BEDNARSKA-MAKARUK, M., RODO, M., MARKUSZEWSKI, C., ROZENFELD, A., SWIDERSKA, M., HABRAT, B., WEHR, H. (2005). POLYMORPHISMS OF APOLIPOPROTEIN E AND ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME GENES AND CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN HEAVY DRINKERS. Alcohol Alcohol 40: 274-282 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Hashizume, K., Mashima, Y., Fumayama, T., Ohtake, Y., Kimura, I., Yoshida, K., Ishikawa, K., Yasuda, N., Fujimaki, T., Asaoka, R., Koga, T., Kanamoto, T., Fukuchi, T., Miyaki, K., The Glaucoma Gene Research Group, (2005). Genetic Polymorphisms in the Angiotensin II Receptor Gene and Their Association with Open-Angle Glaucoma in a Japanese Population. IOVS 46: 1993-2001 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ozisik, K., Misirlioglu, M., Ulus, T. A, Tuncer, S., Emir, M., Katircioglu, F. (2005). Renin-Angiotensin System Polymorphisms and Coronary Artery Surgery Patients. Asian Cardiovasc. Thorac. Ann. 13: 153-156 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sprovieri, S R., Sens, Y A. (2005). Polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system genes in Brazilian patients with lupus nephropathy. Lupus 14: 356-362 [Abstract]
Wang, Y., Ng, M. C.Y., So, W. Y., Tong, P. C.Y., Ma, R. C.W., Chow, C. C., Cockram, C. S., Chan, J. C.N. (2005). Prognostic Effect of Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of the ACE Gene on Renal and Cardiovascular Clinical Outcomes in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 28: 348-354 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sayed-Tabatabaei, F A, Schut, A F C, Arias Vasquez, A, Bertoli-Avella, A M, Hofman, A, Witteman, J C M, van Duijn, C M (2005). Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: the Rotterdam Study. J. Med. Genet. 42: 26-30 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Schut, A. F.C., Bleumink, G. S., Stricker, B. H.Ch., Hofman, A., Witteman, J. C.M., Pols, H. A.P., Deckers, J. W., Deinum, J., van Duijn, C. M. (2004). Angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and the risk of heart failure in hypertensive subjects. Eur Heart J 25: 2143-2148 [Abstract] [Full Text]
McNamara, D. M., Holubkov, R., Postava, L., Janosko, K., MacGowan, G. A., Mathier, M., Murali, S., Feldman, A. M., London, B. (2004). Pharmacogenetic interactions between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy and the angiotensin-converting enzyme deletion polymorphism in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 44: 2019-2026 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kuznetsova, T., Staessen, J. A., Thijs, L., Kunath, C., Olszanecka, A., Ryabikov, A., Tikhonoff, V., Stolarz, K., Bianchi, G., Casiglia, E., Fagard, R., Brand-Herrmann, S.-M., Kawecka-Jaszcz, K., Malyutina, S., Nikitin, Y., Brand, E., for the European Project On Genes in Hypertension, (2004). Left Ventricular Mass in Relation to Genetic Variation in Angiotensin II Receptors, Renin System Genes, and Sodium Excretion. Circulation 110: 2644-2650 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Cascorbi, I., Paul, M., Kroemer, H. K. (2004). Pharmacogenomics of heart failure - focus on drug disposition and action. Cardiovasc Res 64: 32-39 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Hotta, J., Hanaoka, M., Droma, Y., Katsuyama, Y., Ota, M., Kobayashi, T. (2004). Polymorphisms of Renin-Angiotensin System Genes With High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema in Japanese Subjects. Chest 126: 825-830 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Rosas-Vargas, H., Coral-Vazquez, R. M., Tapia, R., Borja, J. L., Salas, R. A., Salamanca, F. (2004). Glu298Asp Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Polymorphism Is a Risk Factor for Erectile Dysfunction in the Mexican Mestizo Population. J Androl 25: 728-732 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Doherty, T. M., Fitzpatrick, L. A., Inoue, D., Qiao, J.-H., Fishbein, M. C., Detrano, R. C., Shah, P. K., Rajavashisth, T. B. (2004). Molecular, Endocrine, and Genetic Mechanisms of Arterial Calcification. Endocr. Rev. 25: 629-672 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Heled, Y., Moran, D. S., Mendel, L., Laor, A., Pras, E., Shapiro, Y. (2004). Human ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with individual differences in exercise heat tolerance. J. Appl. Physiol. 97: 72-76 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wiwanitkit, V. (2004). Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism: I and D Alleles From Some Different Countries. CLIN APPL THROMB HEMOST 10: 179-182 [Abstract]
Eriksson, A.-L., Skrtic, S., Niklason, A., Hulten, L. M., Wiklund, O., Hedner, T., Ohlsson, C. (2004). Association between the low activity genotype of catechol-O-methyltransferase and myocardial infarction in a hypertensive population. Eur Heart J 25: 386-391 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Siani, A., Russo, P., Paolo Cappuccio, F., Iacone, R., Venezia, A., Russo, O., Barba, G., Iacoviello, L., Strazzullo, P. (2004). Combination of Renin-Angiotensin System Polymorphisms Is Associated With Altered Renal Sodium Handling and Hypertension. Hypertension 43: 598-602 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sayed-Tabatabaei, F A, Schut, A F C, Hofman, A, Bertoli-Avella, A M, Vergeer, J, Witteman, J C M, van Duijn, C M (2004). A study of gene-environment interaction on the gene for angiotensin converting enzyme: a combined functional and population based approach. J. Med. Genet. 41: 99-103 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Doherty, T. M., Fitzpatrick, L. A., Shaheen, A., Rajavashisth, T. B., Detrano, R. C. (2004). Genetic Determinants of Arterial Calcification Associated With Atherosclerosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 79: 197-210 [Abstract]
Di Pasquale, P., Cannizzaro, S., Paterna, S. (2004). Does angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism affect blood pressure? Findings after 6 years of follow-up in healthy subjects. Eur J Heart Fail 6: 11-16 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Huang, W., Xie, C., Zhou, H., Yang, T., Sun, M. (2004). Association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism with chronic heart failure in Chinese Han patients. Eur J Heart Fail 6: 23-27 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Haiman, C. A., Henderson, S. O., Bretsky, P., Kolonel, L. N., Henderson, B. E. (2003). Genetic Variation in Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) and Breast Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort. Cancer Res. 63: 6984-6987 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Hernandez, D., de la Rosa, A., Barragan, A., Barrios, Y., Salido, E., Torres, A., Martin, B., Laynez, I., Duque, A., De Vera, A., Lorenzo, V., Gonzalez, A. (2003). The ACE/DD genotype is associated with the extent of exercise-induced left ventricular growth in endurance athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 42: 527-532 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Schmidt, M. A, Chakrabarti, A. K, Kehrer, C., Pfeninnger, D., Brook, R. D, Kaciroti, N., Duvernoy, C., Killeen, A. A, Rajagopalan, S. (2003). Interactive effects of the ACE DD polymorphism with the NOS III homozygous G849T (Glu298->Asp) variant in determining endothelial function in coronary artery disease. Vasc Med 8: 177-183 [Abstract]
Sayed-Tabatabaei, F. A., Houwing-Duistermaat, J. J., van Duijn, C. M., Witteman, J. C.M. (2003). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Carotid Artery Wall Thickness: A Meta-Analysis. Stroke 34: 1634-1639 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Koch, W., Mehilli, J., von Beckerath, N., Bottiger, C., Schomig, A., Kastrati, A. (2003). Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and restenosis after coronary artery stenting in patients with the DD genotype of the ACE gene. J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 1957-1961 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kehoe, P. G (2003). Review: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and Alzheimer's disease?. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 4: 80-93 [Abstract]
Jacoby, D. S., Rader, D. J. (2003). Renin-Angiotensin System and Atherothrombotic Disease: From Genes to Treatment. Arch Intern Med 163: 1155-1164 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Hamon, M, Fradin, S, Denizet, A, Filippi-Codaccioni, E, Grollier, G, Morello, R (2003). Prospective evaluation of the effect of an angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphism on the long term risk of major adverse cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart 89: 321-325 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sciarrone, M. T., Stella, P., Barlassina, C., Manunta, P., Lanzani, C., Bianchi, G., Cusi, D. (2003). ACE and {alpha}-Adducin Polymorphism as Markers of Individual Response to Diuretic Therapy. Hypertension 41: 398-403 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Strazzullo, P., Iacone, R., Iacoviello, L., Russo, O., Barba, G., Russo, P., D'Orazio, A., Barbato, A., Cappuccio, F. P., Farinaro, E., Siani, A. (2003). Genetic Variation in the Renin-Angiotensin System and Abdominal Adiposity in Men: The Olivetti Prospective Heart Study. ANN INTERN MED 138: 17-23 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ruberg, F. L, Loscalzo, J. (2002). Prothrombotic determinants of coronary atherothrombosis. Vasc Med 7: 289-299 [Abstract]
Abraham, M.R., Olson, L. J., Joyner, M. J., Turner, S. T., Beck, K. C., Johnson, B. D. (2002). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Genotype Modulates Pulmonary Function and Exercise Capacity in Treated Patients With Congestive Stable Heart Failure. Circulation 106: 1794-1799 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Fernandez-Sola, J., Nicolas, J. M., Oriola, J., Sacanella, E., Estruch, R., Rubin, E., Urbano-Marquez, A. (2002). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism Is Associated with Vulnerability to Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy. ANN INTERN MED 137: 321-326 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Volzke, H., Engel, J., Kleine, V., Schwahn, C., Dahm, J. B., Eckel, L., Rettig, R. (2002). Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Cardiac Mortality and Morbidity After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery*. Chest 122: 31-36 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Taute, B.-M., Glaser, C., Taute, R., Podhaisky, H. (2002). Progression of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease as a Function of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism. ANGIOLOGY 53: 375-382 [Abstract]
van der Kleij, F. G. H., de Jong, P. E., Henning, R. H., de Zeeuw, D., Navis, G. (2002). Enhanced Responses of Blood Pressure, Renal Function, and Aldosterone to Angiotensin I in the DD Genotype Are Blunted by Low Sodium Intake. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13: 1025-1033 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lapointe, N., Rouleau, J.-L. (2002). Activation of vascular tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in heart failure: Effects of ACE inhibitors. J Am Coll Cardiol 39: 776-779 [Full Text]
Ortlepp, J R, Vosberg, H P, Reith, S, Ohme, F, Mahon, N G, Schroder, D, Klues, H G, Hanrath, P, McKenna, W J (2002). Genetic polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system associated with expression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a study of five polymorphic genes in a family with a disease causing mutation in the myosin binding protein C gene. Heart 87: 270-275 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mayer, N J, Forsyth, A, Kantachuvesiri, S, Mullins, J J, Fleming, S (2002). Association of the D allele of the angiotensin I converting enzyme polymorphism with malignant vascular injury. Mol. Pathol. 55: 29-33 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ferrari, R., Guardigli, G., Cicchitelli, G., Valgimigli, M., Merli, E., Soukhomorskaia, O., Ceconi, C. (2002). Angiotensin II overproduction: enemy of the vessel wall. Eur Heart J Suppl 4: A26-A30 [Abstract]
Sierra, C., Coca, A., Gomez-Angelats, E., Poch, E., Sobrino, J., de la Sierra, A. (2002). Renin-Angiotensin System Genetic Polymorphisms and Cerebral White Matter Lesions in Essential Hypertension. Hypertension 39: 343-347 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Elung-Jensen, T., Heisterberg, J., Kamper, A.-L., Sonne, J., Strandgaard, S., Larsen, N. E. (2001). High serum enalaprilat in chronic renal failure. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 2: 240-245 [Abstract]
Fava, S., Azzopardi, J., Ellard, S., Hattersley, A. T. (2001). ACE Gene Polymorphism as a Prognostic Indicator in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Renal Disease. Diabetes Care 24: 2115-2120 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Agema, W. R. P., Jukema, J. W., Pimstone, S. N., Kastelein, J. J. P. (2001). Genetic aspects of restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions;towards more tailored therapy. Eur Heart J 22: 2058-2074
Jorgensen, E., Kelbaek, H., Helqvist, S., Jensen, G. V. H., Saunamaki, K., Kastrup, J., Havndrup, O., Bundgaard, H., Kyst Madsen, J., Christiansen, M., Andersen, P. S., Reiber, J. H. C. (2001). Predictors of coronary in-stent restenosis: importance of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. J Am Coll Cardiol 38: 1434-1439 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Markus, H., Kapozsta, Z., Ditrich, R., Wolfe, C., Ali, N., Powell, J., Mendell, M., Cullinane, M. (2001). Increased Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in UK African Caribbeans and Its Relation to Chronic Inflammation and Vascular Candidate Gene Polymorphisms. Stroke 32: 2465-2471 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Balkestein, E. J., Staessen, J. A., Wang, J.-G., van der Heijden-Spek, J. J., Van Bortel, L. M., Barlassina, C., Bianchi, G., Brand, E., Herrmann, S.-M., Struijker-Boudier, H. A. (2001). Carotid and Femoral Artery Stiffness in Relation to Three Candidate Genes in a White Population. Hypertension 38: 1190-1197 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kennon, S., Barakat, K., Hitman, G. A., Price, C. P., Mills, P. G., Ranjadayalan, K., Cooper, J., Clark, H., Timmis, A. D. (2001). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition is associated with reduced troponin release in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 38: 724-728 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sonna, L. A., Sharp, M. A., Knapik, J. J., Cullivan, M., Angel, K. C., Patton, J. F., Lilly, C. M. (2001). Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and physical performance during US Army basic training. J. Appl. Physiol. 91: 1355-1363 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ryan, A. S., Nicklas, B. J., Berman, D. M., Ferrell, R. E. (2001). The Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of the ACE Gene Is Related to Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Women. Diabetes Care 24: 1646-1652 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Somogyvari, F., Szolnoki, Z., Marki-Zay, J., Fodor, L. (2001). Real-Time PCR Assay with Fluorescent Hybridization Probes for Exact and Rapid Genotyping of the Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism. Clin. Chem. 47: 1728-1729 [Full Text]
Harrap, S. B., Petrou, S. (2001). Utility of genetic approaches to common cardiovascular diseases. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 281: H1-H6 [Full Text]
Mannami, T., Katsuya, T., Baba, S., Inamoto, N., Ishikawa, K., Higaki, J., Ogihara, T., Ogata, J. (2001). Low Potentiality of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism as a Useful Predictive Marker for Carotid Atherogenesis in a Large General Population of a Japanese City : The Suita Study. Stroke 32: 1250-1256 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Rodriguez-Perez, J. C., Rodriguez-Esparragon, F., Hernandez-Perera, O., Anabitarte, A., Losada, A., Medina, A., Hernandez, E., Fiuza, D., Avalos, O., Yunis, C., Ferrario, C. M., for the PROCAGENE Study Investigators, (2001). Association of angiotensinogen m235t and a(-6)g gene polymorphisms with coronary heart disease with independence of essential hypertension: the procagene study. J Am Coll Cardiol 37: 1536-1542 [Abstract] [Full Text]
van Geel, P P, Pinto, Y M, Zwinderman, A H, Henning, R H, van Boven, A J, Jukema, J W, Bruschke, A V G, Kastelein, J J P, van Gilst, W H, BAXTER, G F (2001). Increased risk for ischaemic events is related to combined RAS polymorphism. Heart 85: 458-462 [Abstract] [Full Text]
McNamara, D. M., Holubkov, R., Janosko, K., Palmer, A., Wang, J. J., MacGowan, G. A., Murali, S., Rosenblum, W. D., London, B., Feldman, A. M. (2001). Pharmacogenetic Interactions Between {beta}-Blocker Therapy and the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Deletion Polymorphism in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure. Circulation 103: 1644-1648 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Zee, R. Y. L., Fernandez-Ortiz, A., Macaya, C., Pintor, E., Lindpaintner, K., Fernandez-Cruz, A. (2001). ACE D/I Polymorphism and Incidence of Post-PTCA Restenosis : A Prospective, Angiography-Based Evaluation. Hypertension 37: 851-855 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Rossi, G. P., Taddei, S., Virdis, A., Ghiadoni, L., Albertin, G., Favilla, S., Sudano, I., Pessina, A. C., Salvetti, A. (2001). Exclusion of the ACE D/I Gene Polymorphism as a Determinant of Endothelial Dysfunction. Hypertension 37: 293-300 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Schmieder, R. E., Erdmann, J., Delles, C., Jacobi, J., Fleck, E., Hilgers, K., Regitz-Zagrosek, V. (2001). Effect of the angiotensin II type 2-receptor gene (+1675 G/A) on left ventricular structure in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 37: 175-182 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Gainer, J. V., Stein, C. M., Neal, T., Vaughan, D. E., Brown, N. J. (2001). Interactive Effect of Ethnicity and ACE Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism on Vascular Reactivity. Hypertension 37: 46-51 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Padmanabhan, N., Padmanabhan, S., Connell, J. M. (2000). Genetic basis of cardiovascular disease -- the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as a paradigm. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1: 316-324
Batalla, A., Alvarez, R., Reguero, J. R., Hevia, S., Iglesias-Cubero, G., Alvarez, V., Cortina, A., Gonzalez, P., Celada, M. M., Medina, A., Coto, E. (2000). Synergistic Effect between Apolipoprotein E and Angiotensinogen Gene Polymorphisms in the Risk for Early Myocardial Infarction. Clin. Chem. 46: 1910-1915 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Naber, C. K., Husing, J., Wolfhard, U., Erbel, R., Siffert, W. (2000). Interaction of the ACE D Allele and the GNB3 825T Allele in Myocardial Infarction. Hypertension 36: 986-989 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Prasad, A., Narayanan, S., Waclawiw, M. A., Epstein, N., Quyyumi, A. A. (2000). The insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene determines coronary vascular tone and nitric oxide activity. J Am Coll Cardiol 36: 1579-1586 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Knowles, J. W., Maeda, N. (2000). Genetic Modifiers of Atherosclerosis in Mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 20: 2336-2345 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wierzbicki, A. S., Lambert-Hammill, M., Lumb, P. J., Crook, M. A. (2000). Renin-Angiotensin System Polymorphisms and Coronary Events in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Hypertension 36: 808-812 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Crisan, D., Carr, J. (2000). Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme: Genotype and Disease Associations. J. Mol. Diagn. 2: 105-115 [Full Text]
Koch, W., Kastrati, A., Mehilli, J., Bottiger, C., von Beckerath, N., Schomig, A. (2000). Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of the Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene Is Not Associated With Restenosis After Coronary Stent Placement. Circulation 102: 197-202 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Prasad, A., Narayanan, S., Husain, S., Padder, F., Waclawiw, M., Epstein, N., Quyyumi, A. A. (2000). Insertion-Deletion Polymorphism of the ACE Gene Modulates Reversibility of Endothelial Dysfunction With ACE Inhibition. Circulation 102: 35-41 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Rankinen, T., Gagnon, J., Perusse, L., Chagnon, Y. C., Rice, T., Leon, A. S., Skinner, J. S., Wilmore, J. H., Rao, D. C., Bouchard, C. (2000). AGT M235T and ACE ID polymorphisms and exercise blood pressure in the HERITAGE Family Study. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 279: H368-H374 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Higaki, J., Baba, S., Katsuya, T., Sato, N., Ishikawa, K., Mannami, T., Ogata, J., Ogihara, T. (2000). Deletion Allele of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Increases Risk of Essential Hypertension in Japanese Men : The Suita Study. Circulation 101: 2060-2065 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Rankinen, T., Wolfarth, B., Simoneau, J.-A., Maier-Lenz, D., Rauramaa, R., Rivera, M. A., Boulay, M. R., Chagnon, Y. C., Perusse, L., Keul, J., Bouchard, C. (2000). No association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism and elite endurance athlete status. J. Appl. Physiol. 88: 1571-1575 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Fatini, C, Abbate, R, Pepe, G, Battaglini, B, Gensini, F, Ruggiano, G, Gensini, G.F, Guazzelli, R (2000). Searching for a better assessment of the individual coronary risk profile. The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II type 1 receptor and angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms. Eur Heart J 21: 633-638 [Abstract]
Komiya, I., Yamada, T., Takara, M., Asawa, T., Shimabukuro, M., Nishimori, T., Takasu, N. (2000). Lys173Arg and -344T/C Variants of CYP11B2 in Japanese Patients With Low-Renin Hypertension. Hypertension 35: 699-703 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Delafontaine, P. (2000). IRS-1 Variant : A New Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease?. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 20: 283-284 [Full Text]
Agerholm-Larsen, B., Nordestgaard, B. G., Tybjarg-Hansen, A. (2000). ACE Gene Polymorphism in Cardiovascular Disease : Meta-Analyses of Small and Large Studies in Whites. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 20: 484-492 [Abstract] [Full Text]

Comments and questions? Please contact us.