Background DNA fragments that appeared to belong to an unidentifiedhuman herpesvirus were recently found in more than 90 percentof Kaposi's sarcoma lesions associated with the acquired immunodeficiencysyndrome (AIDS). These fragments were also found in 6 of 39tissue samples without Kaposi's sarcoma, including 3 malignantlymphomas, from patients with AIDS, but not in samples frompatients without AIDS.
Methods We examined the DNA of 193 lymphomas from 42 patientswith AIDS and 151 patients who did not have AIDS. We searchedthe DNA for sequences of Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus(KSHV) by Southern blot hybridization, the polymerase chainreaction (PCR), or both. The PCR products in the positive sampleswere sequenced and compared with the KSHV sequences in Kaposi'ssarcoma tissues from patients with AIDS.
Results KSHV sequences were identified in eight lymphomas inpatients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Alleight, and only these eight, were body-cavity–based lymphomas— that is, they were characterized by pleural, pericardial,or peritoneal lymphomatous effusions. All eight lymphomas alsocontained the Epstein–Barr viral genome. KSHV sequenceswere not found in the other 185 lymphomas. KSHV sequences were40 to 80 times more abundant in the body-cavity–basedlymphomas than in the Kaposi's sarcoma lesions. A high degreeof conservation of KSHV sequences in Kaposi's sarcoma and inthe eight lymphomas suggests the presence of the same agentin both lesions.
Conclusions The recently discovered KSHV DNA sequences occurin an unusual subgroup of AIDS-related B-cell lymphomas, butnot in any other lymphoid neoplasm studied thus far. Our findingstrongly suggests that a novel herpesvirus has a pathogenicrole in AIDS-related body-cavity–based lymphomas.
Source Information
From the Department of Pathology, The New York Hospital–Cornell Medical Center, New York (E.C., D.M.K.); the Department of Pathology (Y.C.) and the Division of Epidemiology (P.S.M.), School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; and the Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars–Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (J.W.S.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Cesarman at The New York Hospital–Cornell Medical Center, Department of Pathology, 525 E. 68th St., New York, NY 10021.
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