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Previous Volume 334:488-493 February 22, 1996 Number 8 Next

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ABSTRACT

Background Skeletal complications are a major clinical manifestation of multiple myeloma. These complications are caused by soluble factors that stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone. Bisphosphonates such as pamidronate inhibit osteoclastic activity and reduce bone resorption.

Methods Patients with stage III multiple myeloma and at least one lytic lesion received either placebo or pamidronate (90 mg) as a four-hour intravenous infusion given every four weeks for nine cycles in addition to antimyeloma therapy. The patients were stratified according to whether they were receiving first-line (stratum 1) or second-line (stratum 2) antimyeloma chemotherapy at entry into the study. Skeletal events (pathologic fracture, irradiation of or surgery on bone, and spinal cord compression), hypercalcemia (symptoms or a serum calcium concentration >12 mg per deciliter [3.0 mmol per liter]), bone pain, analgesic-drug use, performance status, and quality of life were assessed monthly.

Results Among 392 treated patients, the efficacy of treatment could be evaluated in 196 who received pamidronate and 181 who received placebo. The proportion of patients who had any skeletal events was significantly lower in the pamidronate group (24 percent) than in the placebo group (41 percent, P<0.001), and the reduction was evident in both stratum 1 (P = 0.04) and stratum 2 (P = 0.004). The patients who received pamidronate had significant decreases in bone pain and no deterioration in performance status and quality of life. Pamidronate was well tolerated.

Conclusions Monthly infusions of pamidronate provide significant protection against skeletal complications and improve the quality of life of patients with stage III multiple myeloma.

Source Information

From the West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles (J.R.B., A. Lichtenstein); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (L.P.); University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); American Medical Research Institute, Atlanta (R.B.); Southwest Institute of Clinical Research, Rancho Mirage, Calif. (S.G.); Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pa. (A. Lipton); Cancer Care Associates, Tulsa, Okla. (A.K.); H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla. (O.B.); Victoria Hospital, London, Ont., Canada (M.J.K.); Middlemore Hospital and School of Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand (H.A.B.); St. John of God Hospital–Central Highlands Oncology Program, Ballarat, Australia (R.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.); and Ciba Pharmaceuticals, Summit, N.J. (D.J.R., M.H., J.S., R.D.K.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Berenson at the Division of Medical Oncology, 111H, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073.

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