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Previous Volume 334:494-500 February 22, 1996 Number 8 Next

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ABSTRACT

Background and Methods In some patients who are hospitalized for acute illness, we have noted a reversible syndrome of headache, altered mental functioning, seizures, and loss of vision associated with findings indicating predominantly posterior leukoencephalopathy on imaging studies. To elucidate this syndrome, we searched the log books listing computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies performed at the New England Medical Center in Boston and Hôpital Sainte Anne in Paris; we found 15 such patients who were evaluated from 1988 through 1994.

Results Of the 15 patients, 7 were receiving immunosuppressive therapy after transplantation or as treatment for aplastic anemia, 1 was receiving interferon for melanoma, 3 had eclampsia, and 4 had acute hypertensive encephalopathy associated with renal disease (2 with lupus nephritis, 1 with acute glomerulonephritis, and 1 with acetaminophen-induced hepatorenal failure). Altogether, 12 patients had abrupt increases in blood pressure, and 8 had some impairment of renal function. The clinical findings included headaches, vomiting, confusion, seizures, cortical blindness and other visual abnormalities, and motor signs. CT and MRI studies showed extensive bilateral white-matter abnormalities suggestive of edema in the posterior regions of the cerebral hemispheres, but the changes often involved other cerebral areas, the brain stem, or the cerebellum. The patients were treated with antihypertensive medications, and immunosuppressive therapy was withdrawn or the dose was reduced. In all 15 patients, the neurologic deficits resolved within two weeks.

Conclusions Reversible, predominantly posterior leukoencephalopathy may develop in patients who have renal insufficiency or hypertension or who are immunosuppressed. The findings on neuroimaging are characteristic of subcortical edema without infarction.

Source Information

From the Department of Neurology, New England Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston (J.H., C.C., B.A., J.B., L.P., A.W., M.S.P., L.R.C.), and the Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris (C.L., J.-L.M.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Caplan at the Department of Neurology, New England Medical Center, 750 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111.

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A Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome
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Extract | Full Text  
N Engl J Med 1996; 334:1743-1746, Jun 27, 1996. Correspondence

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