FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Volume 336:153-163 January 16, 1997 Number 3 Next

	Full Text PDF Letters Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited Related Article PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background Obstructive changes often occur in aortocoronary saphenous-vein bypass grafts because of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. We studied whether aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels or low-dose anticoagulation would delay the progression of atherosclerosis in grafts.

Methods We studied 1351 patients who had undergone bypass surgery 1 to 11 years before base line and who had an LDL cholesterol level between 130 and 175 mg per deciliter and at least one patent vein graft as seen on angiography. We used a two-by-two factorial design to assign patients to aggressive or moderate treatment to lower LDL cholesterol levels (with lovastatin and, if needed, cholestyramine) and to treatment with warfarin or placebo. Angiography was repeated an average of 4.3 years after base line. The primary angiographic outcome was the mean percentage per patient of grafts with a decrease of 0.6 mm or more in lumen diameter.

Results As measured annually during the study period, the mean LDL cholesterol level of patients who received aggressive treatment ranged from 93 to 97 mg per deciliter; with moderate treatment, the range was from 132 to 136 mg per deciliter (P<0.001). The mean international normalized ratio was 1.4 in the warfarin group and 1.1 in the placebo group (P<0.001). The mean percentage of grafts with progression of atherosclerosis was 27 percent for patients whose LDL cholesterol level was lowered with aggressive treatment and 39 percent for those who received moderate treatment (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in angiographic outcome between the warfarin and placebo groups. The rate of revascularization over four years was 29 percent lower in the group whose LDL cholesterol level was lowered aggressively than in the group receiving moderate treatment (6.5 percent vs. 9.2 percent, P = 0.03).

Conclusions Aggressive lowering of LDL cholesterol levels to below 100 mg per deciliter reduced the progression of atherosclerosis in grafts. Low-dose warfarin did not reduce the progression of atherosclerosis.

Source Information

Address reprint requests to the POST CABG Coordinating Center, Maryland Medical Research Institute, 600 Wyndhurst Ave., Baltimore, MD 21210.

Full Text of this Article

Related Letters:

Prevention of Atherosclerosis in Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafts
Avila P. C., Campeau L., Knatterud G. L., Domanski M., Hunninghake D. B., The Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial Investigators
Extract | Full Text  
N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1839-1840, Jun 19, 1997. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Hong, Y. J., Mintz, G. S., Kim, S. W., Lee, S. Y., Kim, S. Y., Okabe, T., Pichard, A. D., Satler, L. F., Waksman, R., Kent, K. M., Suddath, W. O., Weissman, N. J. (2009). Disease progression in nonintervened saphenous vein graft segments a serial intravascular ultrasound analysis.. J Am Coll Cardiol 53: 1257-1264 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Buxton, B. F., Hayward, P. A.R., Newcomb, A. E., Moten, S., Seevanayagam, S., Gordon, I. (2009). Choice of conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting: craft or science?. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 35: 658-670 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• CAMPBELL, P G, TEO, K S L, WORTHLEY, S G, KEARNEY, M T, TARIQUE, A, NATARAJAN, A, ZAMAN, A G (2009). Non-invasive assessment of saphenous vein graft patency in asymptomatic patients. Br. J. Radiol. 82: 291-295 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kushiro, T., Mizuno, K., Nakaya, N., Ohashi, Y., Tajima, N., Teramoto, T., Uchiyama, S., Nakamura, H., for the Management of Elevated Cholesterol in the, (2009). Pravastatin for Cardiovascular Event Primary Prevention in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension in the Management of Elevated Cholesterol in the Primary Prevention Group of Adult Japanese (MEGA) Study. Hypertension 53: 135-141 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mehta, R. H., Bhatt, D. L., Steg, Ph. G., Goto, S., Hirsch, A. T., Liau, C.-S., Rother, J., Wilson, P. W.F., Richard, A.-J., Eagle, K. A., Ohman, E. M., on behalf of the REACH Registry Investigators, (2008). Modifiable risk factors control and its relationship with 1 year outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery: insights from the REACH registry. Eur Heart J 29: 3052-3060 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kulik, A., Brookhart, M. A., Levin, R., Ruel, M., Solomon, D. H., Choudhry, N. K. (2008). Impact of Statin Use on Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Circulation 118: 1785-1792 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Alsheikh-Ali, A. A., Trikalinos, T. A., Kent, D. M., Karas, R. H. (2008). Statins, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Risk of Cancer. J Am Coll Cardiol 52: 1141-1147 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shah, S. J., Waters, D. D., Barter, P., Kastelein, J. J.P., Shepherd, J., Wenger, N. K., DeMicco, D. A., Breazna, A., LaRosa, J. C. (2008). Intensive Lipid-Lowering With Atorvastatin for Secondary Prevention in Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 51: 1938-1943 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wellenius, G. A., Mukamal, K. J., Kulshreshtha, A., Asonganyi, S., Mittleman, M. A. (2008). Depressive Symptoms and the Risk of Atherosclerotic Progression Among Patients With Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts. Circulation 117: 2313-2319 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fedoruk, L. M., Wang, H., Conaway, M. R., Kron, I. L., Johnston, K. C. (2008). Statin Therapy Improves Outcomes After Valvular Heart Surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 85: 1521-1526 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brunzell, J. D., Davidson, M., Furberg, C. D., Goldberg, R. B., Howard, B. V., Stein, J. H., Witztum, J. L. (2008). Lipoprotein Management in Patients With Cardiometabolic Risk: Consensus Conference Report From the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. J Am Coll Cardiol 51: 1512-1524 [Full Text]  
• Brunzell, J. D., Davidson, M., Furberg, C. D., Goldberg, R. B., Howard, B. V., Stein, J. H., Witztum, J. L. (2008). Lipoprotein Management in Patients With Cardiometabolic Risk: Consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Diabetes Care 31: 811-822 [Full Text]  
• Josan, K. MD, Majumdar, S. R. MD MPH, McAlister, F. A. MD MSc (2008). The efficacy and safety of intensive statin therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. CMAJ 178: 576-584 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Alsheikh-Ali, A. A., Karas, R. H. (2008). Reply.. J Am Coll Cardiol 51: 92-92 [Full Text]  
• Gongora, E., Sundt, T. M. III (2008). Myocardial Revascularization with Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Card Surg Adult 3: 599-632 [Full Text]  
• Gonzalez-Stawinski, G. V., Lytle, B. W. (2008). Coronary Artery Reoperations. Card Surg Adult 3: 711-732 [Full Text]  
• Thielmann, M., Neuhauser, M., Marr, A., Jaeger, B. R., Wendt, D., Schuetze, B., Kamler, M., Massoudy, P., Erbel, R., Jakob, H. (2007). Lipid-lowering effect of preoperative statin therapy on postoperative major adverse cardiac events after coronary artery bypass surgery.. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 134: 1143-1149 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kulik, A., Levin, R., Ruel, M., Mesana, T. G., Solomon, D. H., Choudhry, N. K. (2007). Patterns and predictors of statin use after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 134: 932-938 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Goyal, A., Alexander, J. H., Hafley, G. E., Graham, S. H., Mehta, R. H., Mack, M. J., Wolf, R. K., Cohn, L. H., Kouchoukos, N. T., Harrington, R. A., Gennevois, D., Gibson, C. M., Califf, R. M., Ferguson, T. B. Jr, Peterson, E. D., PREVENT IV Investigators, (2007). Outcomes Associated With the Use of Secondary Prevention Medications After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 83: 993-1001 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Murphy, G. J., Johnson, T. W., Chamberlain, M. H., Rizvi, S. I., Wyatt, M., George, S. J., Angelini, G. D., Karsch, K. R., Oberhoff, M., Newby, A. C. (2007). Short- and long-term effects of cytochalasin D, paclitaxel and rapamycin on wall thickening in experimental porcine vein grafts. Cardiovasc Res 73: 607-617 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dzau, V. J., Antman, E. M., Black, H. R., Hayes, D. L., Manson, J. E., Plutzky, J., Popma, J. J., Stevenson, W. (2006). The Cardiovascular Disease Continuum Validated: Clinical Evidence of Improved Patient Outcomes: Part I: Pathophysiology and Clinical Trial Evidence (Risk Factors Through Stable Coronary Artery Disease). Circulation 114: 2850-2870 [Full Text]  
• Dupuis, G., Kennedy, E., Lindquist, R., Barton, F. B., Terrin, M. L., Hoogwerf, B. J., Czajkowski, S. M., Herd, J. A., for the Post CABG Biobehavioral Study Investigator, (2006). Coronary artery bypass graft surgery and cognitive performance.. Am J Crit Care 15: 471-478 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Collard, C. D., Body, S. C., Shernan, S. K., Wang, S., Mangano, D. T., Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (MCSPI, (2006). Preoperative statin therapy is associated with reduced cardiac mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 132: 392-400 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sabik, J. F. III, Blackstone, E. H., Gillinov, A. M., Smedira, N. G., Lytle, B. W. (2006). Occurrence and Risk Factors for Reintervention After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Circulation 114: I-454-I-460 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Costa, J., Borges, M., David, C., Vaz Carneiro, A. (2006). Efficacy of lipid lowering drug treatment for diabetic and non-diabetic patients: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 332: 1115-1124 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• (2006). Preoperative statin treatment is associated with reduced postoperative mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: an 8-year retrospective cohort study.. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 131: 679-685  
• Brandes, R. P. (2006). Novel Faces to Old Friends: A Central Role of Inducible NO Synthase for Progenitor Cell Recruitment and a New Antiinflammatory Mechanisms of Statins. Circ. Res. 98: 303-305 [Full Text]  
• Dale, K. M., Coleman, C. I., Henyan, N. N., Kluger, J., White, C. M. (2006). Statins and Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis. JAMA 295: 74-80 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pascual, D. A., Arribas, J. M., Tornel, P. L., Marin, F., Oliver, C., Ahumada, M., Gomez-Plana, J., Martinez, P., Arcas, R., Valdes, M. (2006). Preoperative Statin Therapy and Troponin T Predict Early Complications of Coronary Artery Surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 81: 78-83 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Carrier, M. (2006). Invited commentary. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 81: 84-84 [Full Text]  
• Sabik, J. F. III, Blackstone, E. H., Gillinov, A. M., Banbury, M. K., Smedira, N. G., Lytle, B. W. (2006). Influence of patient characteristics and arterial grafts on freedom from coronary reoperation. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 131: 90-98 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Conti, V. R., Hunter, G. C. (2005). Gene Therapy and Vein Graft Patency in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. JAMA 294: 2495-2497 [Full Text]  
• PREVENT IV Investigators, (2005). Efficacy and Safety of Edifoligide, an E2F Transcription Factor Decoy, for Prevention of Vein Graft Failure Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: PREVENT IV: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 294: 2446-2454 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Robinson, J. G., Smith, B., Maheshwari, N., Schrott, H. (2005). Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: Benefit Beyond Cholesterol Reduction?: A Meta-Regression Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 46: 1855-1862 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ali, I. S., Buth, K. J. (2005). Preoperative statin use and in-hospital outcomes following heart surgery in patients with unstable angina. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 27: 1051-1056 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Loop, F. D. (2005). Coronary Artery Surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 79: S2221-S2227 [Full Text]  
• Poston, R., Gu, J., Manchio, J., Lee, A., Brown, J., Gammie, J., White, C., Griffith, B. P. (2005). Platelet function tests predict bleeding and thrombotic events after off-pump coronary bypass grafting. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 27: 584-591 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Martin, T N, Irving, R J, Sutherland, M, Sutherland, K, Bloomfield, P (2005). Improving secondary prevention in coronary bypass patients: closing the audit loop. Heart 91: 456-459 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Khanderia, U., Townsend, K. A., Eagle, K., Prager, R. (2005). Statin Initiation Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Outcome of a Hospital Discharge Protocol. Chest 127: 455-463 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Okrainec, K., Platt, R., Pilote, L., Eisenberg, M. J. (2005). Cardiac medical therapy in patients after undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A review of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 45: 177-184 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Goldman, S., Zadina, K., Moritz, T., Ovitt, T., Sethi, G., Copeland, J. G., Thottapurathu, L., Krasnicka, B., Ellis, N., Anderson, R. J., Henderson, W., VA Cooperative Study Group #207/297/364, (2004). Long-term patency of saphenous vein and left internal mammary artery grafts after coronary artery bypass surgery: Results from a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 44: 2149-2156 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Geller, N. L, Sorlie, P., Coady, S., Fleg, J., Friedman, L. (2004). Limited access data sets from studies funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Clin Trials 1: 517-524 [Abstract]  
• Woodard, L. D., Kressin, N. R., Petersen, L. A. (2004). Is Lipid-Lowering Therapy Underused by African Americans at High Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Within the VA Health Care System?. Am. J. Public Health 94: 2112-2117 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lytle, B. W., Blackstone, E. H., Sabik, J. F., Houghtaling, P., Loop, F. D., Cosgrove, D. M. (2004). The Effect of Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery Grafting on Survival During 20 Postoperative Years. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 78: 2005-2014 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Amarenco, P., Labreuche, J., Lavallee, P., Touboul, P.-J. (2004). Statins in Stroke Prevention and Carotid Atherosclerosis: Systematic Review and Up-to-Date Meta-Analysis. Stroke 35: 2902-2909 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Koren, M. J., Hunninghake, D. B., the ALLIANCE Investigators, (2004). Clinical outcomes in managed-care patients with coronary heart disease treated aggressively in lipid-lowering disease management clinics: The alliance study. J Am Coll Cardiol 44: 1772-1779 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tunon, J., Blanco-Colio, L. M., Martin-Ventura, J. L., Egido, J. (2004). Intensive treatment with statins and the progression of cardiovascular diseases: the beginning of a new era?. Nephrol Dial Transplant 19: 2696-2699 [Full Text]  
• Li, X., Chyu, K.-Y., Neto, J. R. F., Yano, J., Nathwani, N., Ferreira, C., Dimayuga, P. C., Cercek, B., Kaul, S., Shah, P. K. (2004). Differential Effects of Apolipoprotein A-I-Mimetic Peptide on Evolving and Established Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Null Mice. Circulation 110: 1701-1705 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pan, W., Pintar, T., Anton, J., Lee, V.-V., Vaughn, W. K., Collard, C. D. (2004). Statins Are Associated With a Reduced Incidence of Perioperative Mortality After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Circulation 110: II-45-II-49 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brackbill, M. L., Sytsma, C. (2004). Secondary Prevention of Hyperlipidemia After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: From Acute Care to Primary Care. Am J Crit Care 13: 411-415 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stein, P. D., Schunemann, H. J., Dalen, J. E., Gutterman, D. (2004). Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With Saphenous Vein and Internal Mammary Artery Bypass Grafts: The Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 126: 600S-608S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Alderman, E. L., Kip, K. E., Whitlow, P. L., Bashore, T., Fortin, D., Bourassa, M. G., Lesperance, J., Schwartz, L., Stadius, M. (2004). Native coronary disease progression exceeds failed revascularization as cause of angina after five years in the bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation (BARI). J Am Coll Cardiol 44: 766-774 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lazar, H. L. (2004). Role of statin therapy in the coronary bypass patient. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 78: 730-740 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fox, N. L., Hoogwerf, B. J., Czajkowski, S., Lindquist, R., Dupuis, G., Herd, J. A., Campeau, L., Hickey, A., Barton, F. B., Terrin, M. L. (2004). Quality of Life After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: Results From the POST CABG Trial. Chest 126: 487-495 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wilt, T. J., Bloomfield, H. E., MacDonald, R., Nelson, D., Rutks, I., Ho, M., Larsen, G., McCall, A., Pineros, S., Sales, A. (2004). Effectiveness of Statin Therapy in Adults With Coronary Heart Disease. Arch Intern Med 164: 1427-1436 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Walsh, J. M. E., Pignone, M. (2004). Drug Treatment of Hyperlipidemia in Women. JAMA 291: 2243-2252 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Prisant, L. M. (2004). Clinical Trials and Lipid Guidelines for Type II Diabetes. J Clin Pharmacol 44: 423-430 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nissen, S. E., Tuzcu, E. M., Schoenhagen, P., Brown, B. G., Ganz, P., Vogel, R. A., Crowe, T., Howard, G., Cooper, C. J., Brodie, B., Grines, C. L., DeMaria, A. N. (2004). Effect of Intensive Compared With Moderate Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 291: 1071-1080 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Herlitz, J., Holm, J., Peterson, M., Karlson, B. W, Haglid Evander, M., Erhardt, L., for the LoWASA study group, (2004). Effect of fixed low-dose warfarin added to aspirin in the long term after acute myocardial infarction: the LoWASA Study. Eur Heart J 25: 232-239 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Werba, J. P., Tremoli, E., Massironi, P., Camera, M., Cannata, A., Alamanni, F., Biglioli, P., Parolari, A. (2003). Statins in coronary bypass surgery: rationale and clinical use. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 76: 2132-2140 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gadsby, R. (2003). Review: Diabetic dyslipidaemia -- the case for using statins. British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 3: 402-407 [Abstract]  
• Pokrovsky, S. N., Ezhov, M. V., Il'ina, L. N., Afanasieva, O. I., Sinitsyn, V. Y., Shiriaev, A. A., Akchurin, R. S. (2003). Association of lipoprotein(a) excess with early vein graft occlusions in middle-aged men undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 126: 1071-1075 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Foody, J. M., Ferdinand, F. D., Galusha, D., Rathore, S. S., Masoudi, F. A., Havranek, E. P., Nilasena, D., Radford, M. J., Krumholz, H. M. (2003). Patterns of Secondary Prevention in Older Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting During Hospitalization for Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 108: II-24-28 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pierre-Paul, D., Gahtan, V. (2003). Noncholesterol-Lowering Effects of Statins. VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 37: 301-313 [Abstract]  
• Friday, K. E. (2003). Aggressive Lipid Management for Cardiovascular Prevention: Evidence from Clinical Trials. Exp. Biol. Med. 228: 769-778 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rudnicka, A. R., Ashby, D., Brennan, P., Meade, T. (2003). Thrombosis Prevention Trial: Compliance With Warfarin Treatment and Investigation of a Retained Effect. Arch Intern Med 163: 1454-1460 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lytle, B. W. (2003). The role of coronary revascularization in the treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 75: S2-5 [Full Text]  
• McAlister, F. A., Straus, S. E., Sackett, D. L., Altman, D. G. (2003). Analysis and Reporting of Factorial Trials: A Systematic Review. JAMA 289: 2545-2553 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hirsh, J., Fuster, V., Ansell, J., Halperin, J. L. (2003). American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation guide to warfarin therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 1633-1652 [Full Text]  
• van Brussel, B.L, Voors, A.A, Ernst, J.M.P.G, Knaepen, P.J, Plokker, H.W.M (2003). Venous coronary artery bypass surgery: a more than 20-year follow-up study. Eur Heart J 24: 927-936 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lazar, H. L., Bao, Y., Zhang, Y., Bernard, S. A. (2003). Pretreatment with statins enhances myocardial protection during coronary revascularization. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 125: 1037-1042 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Charlson, M. E., Isom, O. W. (2003). Care after Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery. NEJM 348: 1456-1463 [Full Text]  
• Chan, A. W., Bhatt, D. L., Chew, D. P., Reginelli, J., Schneider, J. P., Topol, E. J., Ellis, S. G. (2003). Relation of Inflammation and Benefit of Statins After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions. Circulation 107: 1750-1756 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Thompson, P. D., Clarkson, P., Karas, R. H. (2003). Statin-Associated Myopathy. JAMA 289: 1681-1690 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hirsh, J., Fuster, V., Ansell, J., Halperin, J. L. (2003). American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Guide to Warfarin Therapy. Circulation 107: 1692-1711 [Full Text]  
• Corvol, J.-C., Bouzamondo, A., Sirol, M., Hulot, J.-S., Sanchez, P., Lechat, P. (2003). Differential Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapies on Stroke Prevention: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. Arch Intern Med 163: 669-676 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Maviglia, S. M., Zielstorff, R. D., Paterno, M., Teich, J. M., Bates, D. W., Kuperman, G. J. (2003). Automating Complex Guidelines for Chronic Disease: Lessons Learned. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 10: 154-165 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Anand, S. S., Yusuf, S. (2003). Oral anticoagulants in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 62S-69S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lytle, B. W. (2003). Coronary Artery Reoperations. Card Surg Adult 2: 659-679 [Full Text]  
• Naik, M J, Abu-Omar, Y, Alvi, A, Wright, N, Henderson, A, Channon, K, Forfar, J C, Taggart, D P (2003). Total arterial revascularisation as a primary strategy for coronary artery bypass grafting. Postgrad. Med. J. 79: 43-48 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHA, (2002). Major Outcomes in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic, Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Pravastatin vs Usual Care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA 288: 2998-3007 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pasternak, R. C. (2002). The ALLHAT Lipid Lowering Trial--Less Is Less. JAMA 288: 3042-3044 [Full Text]  
• (2002). References. Circulation 106: 3373-3421 [Full Text]  
• Forrester, J. S. (2002). Prevention of Plaque Rupture: A New Paradigm of Therapy. ANN INTERN MED 137: 823-833 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hirsch, A. T, Gotto, A. M Jr (2002). Undertreatment of dyslipidemia in peripheral arterial disease and other high-risk populations: an opportunity for cardiovascular disease reduction. Vasc Med 7: 323-331 [Abstract]  
• Angelini, G. D., Lloyd, C., Bush, R., Johnson, J., Newby, A. C. (2002). An external, oversized, porous polyester stent reduces vein graft neointima formation, cholesterol concentration, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression in cholesterol-fed pigs. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 124: 950-956 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rahimtoola, S. H. (2002). Bilateral internal mammary artery grafting for coronary artery bypass grafting: why men versus women?. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 74: 1435-1437 [Full Text]  
• Shah, P. K. (2002). Low-Density Lipoprotein Lowering and Atherosclerosis Progression: Does More Mean Less?. Circulation 106: 2039-2040 [Full Text]  
• Taylor, A. J., Kent, S. M., Flaherty, P. J., Coyle, L. C., Markwood, T. T., Vernalis, M. N. (2002). ARBITER: Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol: A Randomized Trial Comparing the Effects of Atorvastatin and Pravastatin on Carotid Intima Medial Thickness. Circulation 106: 2055-2060 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Barter, P. J. (2002). Coronary plaque regression: role of low density lipoprotein-apheresis. J Am Coll Cardiol 40: 228-230 [Full Text]  
• Taggart, D P (2002). Bilateral internal mammary artery grafting: are BIMA better?. Heart 88: 7-9 [Full Text]  
• Knottenbelt, C., Brennan, P. J., Meade, T. W., for the Medical Research Council's General Practic, (2002). Antithrombotic Treatment and the Incidence of Angina Pectoris. Arch Intern Med 162: 881-886 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schaefer, E. J (2002). Lipoproteins, nutrition, and heart disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 75: 191-212 [Abstract] [Full Text]