FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Volume 337:1569-1575 November 27, 1997 Number 22 Next

	Full Text PDF Letters Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background Patients with coronary heart disease, left ventricular dysfunction, and abnormalities on signal-averaged electrocardiograms have an increased risk of sudden death. We evaluated the effect on survival of the prophylactic implantation of cardioverter–defibrillators in such patients at the time of coronary-artery bypass surgery.

Methods Over the course of five years, 37 clinical centers screened all patients who were scheduled for elective coronary bypass surgery. Patients were eligible for the trial if they were less than 80 years old, had a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 0.36, and had abnormalities on signal-averaged electrocardiograms. We identified 1422 eligible patients, enrolled 1055, and randomly assigned 900 to therapy with an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (446 patients) or to the control group (454 patients). The primary end point of the study was overall mortality, and the two groups were compared in an intention-to-treat analysis.

Results The base-line characteristics of the two groups were similar. During an average (±SD) follow-up of 32±16 months, there were 101 deaths in the defibrillator group (71 from cardiac causes) and 95 in the control group (72 from cardiac causes). The hazard ratio for death from any cause was 1.07 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.81 to 1.42; P = 0.64). There was no statistically significant interaction between defibrillator therapy and any of 10 preselected base-line covariates.

Conclusions We found no evidence of improved survival among patients with coronary heart disease, a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction, and an abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiogram in whom a defibrillator was implanted prophylactically at the time of elective coronary bypass surgery.

Source Information

Address reprint requests to Dr. Bigger at the Data Coordinating Center, the CABG Patch Trial, PH 103-D, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032.

Full Text of this Article

Related Letters:

Prophylactic Use of Implanted Cardiac Defibrillators in Patients at High Risk for Ventricular Arrhythmias after Coronary-Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Fruchter O., Suliman F.A.E., Bigger J. T., DiMarco J. P., Rottman J. N.
Extract | Full Text  
N Engl J Med 1998; 338:1227-1228, Apr 23, 1998. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Mangi, A. A. (2008). Invited Commentary. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 85: 1281-1282 [Full Text]  
• Elgarhi, N, Kreuz, J, Balta, O, Nickenig, G, Hoium, H, Lewalter, T, Schwab, J O. (2008). Significance of Wedensky Modulation testing in the evaluation of non-invasive risk stratification for ventricular tachyarrhythmia in patients with coronary artery disease and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Heart 94: e16-e16 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Herzog, C. A., Strief, J. W., Collins, A. J., Gilbertson, D. T. (2008). Cause-specific mortality of dialysis patients after coronary revascularization: why don't dialysis patients have better survival after coronary intervention?. Nephrol Dial Transplant 0: gfn038v1-gfn038 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Goldenberg, I., Vyas, A. K., Hall, W. J., Moss, A. J., Wang, H., He, H., Zareba, W., McNitt, S., Andrews, M. L., for the MADIT-II Investigators, (2008). Risk Stratification for Primary Implantation of a Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Patients With Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 51: 288-296 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Anstadt, M. P., Lowe, J. E. (2008). Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Card Surg Adult 3: 487-506 [Full Text]  
• Spotnitz, H. M. (2008). Surgical Implantation of Pacemakers and Automatic Defibrillators. Card Surg Adult 3: 1395-1428 [Full Text]  
• Sutton, R., Fisher, J. D., Linde, C., Benditt, D. G. (2007). History of electrical therapy for the heart. Eur Heart J Suppl 9: I3-I10 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rossenbacker, T., Priori, S. G., Zipes, D. P. (2007). The fight against sudden cardiac death: consensus guidelines as a reference. Eur Heart J Suppl 9: I50-I58 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jung, W., Schumacher, B. (2007). What is the role of risk stratification for sudden death in the defibrillator era?. Eur Heart J Suppl 9: I59-I65 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lam, S. K H, Owen, A. (2007). Combined resynchronisation and implantable defibrillator therapy in left ventricular dysfunction: Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 335: 925-925 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Santini, M., Lavalle, C., Ricci, R. P. (2007). Primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death: who should get an ICD?. Heart 93: 1478-1483 [Full Text]  
• Ezekowitz, J. A., Rowe, B. H., Dryden, D. M., Hooton, N., Vandermeer, B., Spooner, C., McAlister, F. A. (2007). Systematic Review: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators for Adults with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. ANN INTERN MED 147: 251-262 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Passman, R., Kadish, A. (2007). Sudden Death Prevention With Implantable Devices. Circulation 116: 561-571 [Full Text]  
• Holmes, D. R. Jr, Kim, L. J., Brooks, M. M., Kip, K. E., Schaff, H. V., Detre, K. M., Frye, R. L., Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation, (2007). The effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on specific causes of long-term mortality in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 134: 38-46 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kloner, R. A., Cannom, D. S. (2007). Uncertainty on the Use of Aldosterone Antagonists for Primary Therapy for Sudden Cardiac Death in the Setting of Implanted Devices. Circulation 115: 2983-2989 [Full Text]  
• Bunch, T. J., Hohnloser, S. H., Gersh, B. J. (2007). Mechanisms of Sudden Cardiac Death in Myocardial Infarction Survivors: Insights From the Randomized Trials of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators. Circulation 115: 2451-2457 [Full Text]  
• Epstein, A. E., Baessler, C. A., Curtis, A. B., Estes, N.A. M. III, Gersh, B. J., Grubb, B., Mitchell, L. B. (2007). Addendum to "Personal and Public Safety Issues Related to Arrhythmias That May Affect Consciousness: Implications for Regulation and Physician Recommendations: A Medical/ Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology" Public Safety Issues in Patients With Implantable Defibrillators A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 115: 1170-1176 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hlatky, M. A., Mark, D. B. (2007). The high cost of implantable defibrillators. Eur Heart J 28: 388-391 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Goldenberg, I., Moss, A. J. (2007). Reply. J Am Coll Cardiol 49: 125-125 [Full Text]  
• Pascale, P., Fromer, M. (2007). Time Dependence of Defibrillator Benefit Postcoronary Revascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol 49: 124-125 [Full Text]  
• Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart, , Zipes, D. P., Camm, A. J., Borggrefe, M., Buxton, A. E., Chaitman, B., Fromer, M., Gregoratos, G., Klein, G., Moss, A. J., Myerburg, R. J., Priori, S. G., Quinones, M. A., Roden, D. M., Silka, M. J., Tracy, C., Smith, S. C. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Adams, C. D., Antman, E. M., Anderson, J. L., Hunt, S. A., Halperin, J. L., Nishimura, R., Ornato, J. P., Page, R. L., Riegel, B., Priori, S. G., Blanc, J.-J., Budaj, A., Camm, A. J., Dean, V., Deckers, J. W., Despres, C., Dickstein, K., Lekakis, J., McGregor, K., Metra, M., Morais, J., Osterspey, A., Tamargo, J. L., Zamorano, J. L. (2006). ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death--Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death). J Am Coll Cardiol 48: 1064-1108 [Full Text]  
• Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart, , Zipes, D. P., Camm, A. J., Borggrefe, M., Buxton, A. E., Chaitman, B., Fromer, M., Gregoratos, G., Klein, G., Moss, A. J., Myerburg, R. J., Priori, S. G., Quinones, M. A., Roden, D. M., Silka, M. J., Tracy, C., Smith, S. C. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Adams, C. D., Antman, E. M., Anderson, J. L., Hunt, S. A., Halperin, J. L., Nishimura, R., Ornato, J. P., Page, R. L., Riegel, B., Priori, S. G., Blanc, J.-J., Budaj, A., Camm, A. J., Dean, V., Deckers, J. W., Despres, C., Dickstein, K., Lekakis, J., McGregor, K., Metra, M., Morais, J., Osterspey, A., Tamargo, J. L., Zamorano, J. L. (2006). ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death). J Am Coll Cardiol 48: e247-e346 [Full Text]  
• Zipes, D. P., Zipes, D. P., Camm, A. J., Borggrefe, M., Buxton, A. E., Chaitman, B., Fromer, M., Gregoratos, G., Klein, G., Moss, A. J., Myerburg, R. J., Priori, S. G., Quinones, M. A., Roden, D. M., Silka, M. J., Tracy, C., ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines, , Priori, S. G., Blanc, J.-J., Budaj, A., Camm, A. J., Dean, V., Deckers, J. W., Despres, C., Dickstein, K., Lekakis, J., McGregor, K., Metra, M., Morais, J., Osterspey, A., Tamargo, J. L., Zamorano, J. L., ACC/AHA (Practice Guidelines) Task Force Members, , Smith, S. C. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Adams, C. D., Antman, E. M., Anderson, J. L., Hunt, S. A., Halperin, J. L., Nishimura, R., Ornato, J. P., Page, R. L., Riegel, B. (2006). ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death--executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society.. Eur Heart J 27: 2099-2140 [Full Text]  
• Writing Committee Members, , Zipes, D. P., Camm, A. J., Borggrefe, M., Buxton, A. E., Chaitman, B., Fromer, M., Gregoratos, G., Klein, G., Moss, A. J., Myerburg, R. J., Priori, S. G., Quinones, M. A., Roden, D. M., Silka, M. J., Tracy, C., ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines, , Priori, S. G., Blanc, J.-J., Budaj, A., Camm, A. J., Dean, V., Deckers, J. W., Despres, C., Dickstein, K., Lekakis, J., McGregor, K., Metra, M., Morais, J., Osterspey, A., Tamargo, J. L., Zamorano, J. L., ACC/AHA Task Force Members, , Smith, S. C. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Adams, C. D., Antman, E. M., Anderson, J. L., Hunt, S. A., Halperin, J. L., Nishimura, R., Ornato, J. P., Page, R. L., Riegel, B. (2006). ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Europace 8: 746-837 [Full Text]  
• Smit, M. D., Van Dessel, P. F.H.M., Rienstra, M., Nieuwland, W., Wiesfeld, A. C.P., Tan, E. S., Anthonio, R. L., Van Veldhuisen, D. J., Van Gelder, I. C. (2006). Atrial fibrillation predicts appropriate shocks in primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients.. Europace 8: 566-572 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nisam, S., Breithardt, G. (2006). Lessons learned from neutral ICD trials. Europace 8: 393-397 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gillis, A. M. (2006). Tincture of Time: When to Implant a Prophylactic Cardioverter-Defibrillator Following Coronary Revascularization?. J Am Coll Cardiol 47: 1818-1819 [Full Text]  
• Goldenberg, I., Moss, A. J., McNitt, S., Zareba, W., Hall, W. J., Andrews, M. L., Wilber, D. J., Klein, H. U., for the MADIT-II Investigators, (2006). Time Dependence of Defibrillator Benefit After Coronary Revascularization in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT)-II. J Am Coll Cardiol 47: 1811-1817 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chung, M. K., O'Neill, J. O. (2006). Reply to the Editor. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 131: 1211-1211 [Full Text]  
• Cesario, D. A., Dec, G. W. (2006). Implantable Cardioverter- Defibrillator Therapy in Clinical Practice. J Am Coll Cardiol 47: 1507-1517 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Goldberger, Z., Lampert, R. (2006). Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: Expanding Indications and Technologies. JAMA 295: 809-818 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fallavollita, J. A., Riegel, B. J., Suzuki, G., Valeti, U., Canty, J. M. Jr. (2005). Mechanism of sudden cardiac death in pigs with viable chronically dysfunctional myocardium and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 289: H2688-H2696 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fisher, J. D. (2005). Who Needs a Defibrillator?: The Beat Goes On. J Am Coll Cardiol 46: 1727-1728 [Full Text]  
• Sanders, G. D., Hlatky, M. A., Owens, D. K. (2005). Cost-Effectiveness of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators. NEJM 353: 1471-1480 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pascale, P., Taffe, P., Regamey, C., Kappenberger, L., Fromer, M. (2005). Reduced Ejection Fraction After Myocardial Infarction: Is It Sufficient To Justify Implantation of a Defibrillator?. Chest 128: 2626-2632 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hohnloser, S. H. (2005). Ventricular Arrhythmias: Antiadrenergic Therapy for the Patient with Coronary Artery Disease. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER 10: S23-S31 [Abstract]  
• Kadish, A., Mehra, M. (2005). Heart Failure Devices: Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators and Biventricular Pacing Therapy. Circulation 111: 3327-3335 [Full Text]  
• Buxton, A. E., Moss, A. J., Buxton, A. E., Moss, A. J. (2005). Should everyone with an ejection fraction less than or equal to 30% receive an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator?. Circulation 111: 2537-2549 [Full Text]  
• Chan, P. S., Hayward, R. A. (2005). Mortality Reduction by Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in High-Risk Patients With Heart Failure, Ischemic Heart Disease, and New-Onset Ventricular Arrhythmia: An Effectiveness Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 45: 1474-1481 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lane, R. E, Cowie, M. R, Chow, A. W C (2005). Prediction and prevention of sudden cardiac death in heart failure. Heart 91: 674-680 [Full Text]  
• Mickleborough, L. (2005). Ventricular reconstruction or aneurysm repair using a modified linear repair technique with septal patch when indicated. MMCTS 2005: 588- [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Spector, P. S (2005). Diagnosis and management of sudden cardiac death. Heart 91: 408-413 [Full Text]  
• Bardy, G. H., Lee, K. L., Mark, D. B., Poole, J. E., Packer, D. L., Boineau, R., Domanski, M., Troutman, C., Anderson, J., Johnson, G., McNulty, S. E., Clapp-Channing, N., Davidson-Ray, L. D., Fraulo, E. S., Fishbein, D. P., Luceri, R. M., Ip, J. H., the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (S, (2005). Amiodarone or an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator for Congestive Heart Failure. NEJM 352: 225-237 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sondhi, M., Goffin, J. R., Cohen, B. J., Wong, J. B., Pauker, S. G. (2005). DEALE-ing with Lung Cancer and Heart Failure. Med Decis Making 25: 82-94  
• Plummer, C. J., Irving, R. J., McComb, J. M. (2005). The incidence of implantable cardioverter defibrillator indications in patients admitted to all coronary care units in a single district. Europace 7: 266-272 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hlatky, M. A., Sanders, G. D., Owens, D. K. (2005). Evidence-Based Medicine And Policy: The Case Of The Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator. Health Aff (Millwood) 24: 42-51 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hohnloser, S. H., Kuck, K. H., Dorian, P., Roberts, R. S., Hampton, J. R., Hatala, R., Fain, E., Gent, M., Connolly, S. J., the DINAMIT Investigators, (2004). Prophylactic Use of an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator after Acute Myocardial Infarction. NEJM 351: 2481-2488 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nanthakumar, K., Epstein, A. E., Kay, G. N., Plumb, V. J., Lee, D. S. (2004). Prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: A pooled analysis of 10 primary prevention trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 44: 2166-2172 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nichol, G., Kaul, P., Huszti, E., Bridges, J. F.P. (2004). Cost-Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Symptomatic Heart Failure. ANN INTERN MED 141: 343-351 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wichterle, D., Simek, J., La Rovere, M. T., Schwartz, P. J., Camm, A. J., Malik, M. (2004). Prevalent Low-Frequency Oscillation of Heart Rate: Novel Predictor of Mortality After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 110: 1183-1190 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mickleborough, L. L., Merchant, N., Ivanov, J., Rao, V., Carson, S. (2004). Left ventricular reconstruction: Early and late results. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 128: 27-37 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Thompson, A., Balser, J. R. (2004). Perioperative cardiac arrhythmias. Br J Anaesth 93: 86-94 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Canty, J. M. Jr, Suzuki, G., Banas, M. D., Verheyen, F., Borgers, M., Fallavollita, J. A. (2004). Hibernating Myocardium: Chronically Adapted to Ischemia but Vulnerable to Sudden Death. Circ. Res. 94: 1142-1149 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Prystowsky, E. N. (2004). Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: The Time of Your Life. Circulation 109: 1073-1075 [Full Text]  
• Lau, E.W., Griffith, M.J., Pathmanathan, R.K., Ng, G.A., Clune, M.M., Cooper, J., Marshall, H.J., Forsey, P.R., Stafford, P.J., Gray, R.G., Skehan, J.D., Garratt, C.J. (2004). The midlands trial of empirical amiodarone versus electrophysiology-guided interventions and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (MAVERIC): a multi-centre prospective randomised clinical trial on the secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Europace 6: 257-266 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• DiMarco, J. P. (2003). Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators. NEJM 349: 1836-1847 [Full Text]  
• Antezano, E. S., Hong, M. (2003). Sudden Cardiac Death. J Intensive Care Med 18: 313-329 [Abstract]  
• Reynolds, M. R., Josephson, M. E. (2003). MADIT II (Second Multicenter Automated Defibrillator Implantation Trial) Debate: Risk Stratification, Costs, and Public Policy. Circulation 108: 1779-1783 [Full Text]  
• Huikuri, H. V., Makikallio, T. H., Raatikainen, M. J. P., Perkiomaki, J., Castellanos, A., Myerburg, R. J. (2003). Prediction of Sudden Cardiac Death: Appraisal of the Studies and Methods Assessing the Risk of Sudden Arrhythmic Death. Circulation 108: 110-115 [Full Text]  
• Lytle, B. W. (2003). The role of coronary revascularization in the treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 75: S2-5 [Full Text]  
• Mickleborough, L. L., Merchant, N., Provost, Y., Carson, S., Ivanov, J. (2003). Ventricular reconstruction for ischemic cardiomyopathy. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 75: S6-12 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Strickberger, S. A., Hummel, J. D., Bartlett, T. G., Frumin, H. I., Schuger, C. D., Beau, S. L., Bitar, C., Morady, F., AMIOVIRT Investigators, (2003). Amiodarone versus implantable cardioverter-defibrillator:randomized trial in patients with nonischemicdilated cardiomyopathy and asymptomaticnonsustained ventricular tachycardia--AMIOVIRT. J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 1707-1712 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lee, D. S., Green, L. D., Liu, P. P., Dorian, P., Newman, D. M., Grant, F. C., Tu, J. V., Alter, D. A. (2003). Effectiveness of implantable defibrillators for preventing arrhythmic events and death: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 1573-1582 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Farre, J., Nisam, S. (2003). Response to the letter to the editor (Sharma et al.). Eur Heart J 24: 880-881 [Full Text]  
• Ezekowitz, J. A., Armstrong, P. W., McAlister, F. A. (2003). Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Primary and Secondary Prevention: A Systematic Review of Randomized, Controlled Trials. ANN INTERN MED 138: 445-452 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stevenson, W. G., Epstein, L. M. (2003). Predicting Sudden Death Risk for Heart Failure Patients in the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Age. Circulation 107: 514-516 [Full Text]  
• Anstadt, M. P., Lowe, J. E. (2003). Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Card Surg Adult 2: 471-494 [Full Text]  
• Spotnitz, H. M. (2003). Pacemakers and Automatic Defibrillators. Card Surg Adult 2: 1293-1326 [Full Text]  
• Sharma, S., Bhambi, B., Ishimori, T. (2002). A better control for ICD patients?. Eur Heart J 23: 1972-1972  
• Committee Members, , Gregoratos, G., Abrams, J., Epstein, A. E., Freedman, R. A., Hayes, D. L., Hlatky, M. A., Kerber, R. E., Naccarelli, G. V., Schoenfeld, M. H., Silka, M. J., Winters, S. L., Task Force Members, , Gibbons, R. J., Antman, E. M., Alpert, J. S., Gregoratos, G., Hiratzka, L. F., Faxon, D. P., Jacobs, A. K., Fuster, V., Smith, S. C. Jr. (2002). ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices--Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines) . J Am Coll Cardiol 40: 1703-1719 [Full Text]  
• Mangi, A. A., Boeve, T. J., Vlahakes, G. J., Akins, C. W., Hilgenberg, A. D., Ruskin, J. N., McGovern, B. M., Torchiana, D. F. (2002). Surgical coronary revascularization and antiarrhythmic therapy in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 74: 1510-1516 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Weinbroum, A. A., Glick, A., Copperman, Y., Yashar, T., Rudick, V., Flaishon, R. (2002). Halothane, Isoflurane, and Fentanyl Increase the Minimally Effective Defibrillation Threshold of an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: First Report in Humans. Anesth. Analg. 95: 1147-1153 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gregoratos, G., Abrams, J., Epstein, A. E., Freedman, R. A., Hayes, D. L., Hlatky, M. A., Kerber, R. E., Naccarelli, G. V., Schoenfeld, M. H., Silka, M. J., Winters, S. L., Gibbons, R. J., Antman, E. M., Alpert, J. S., Gregoratos, G., Hiratzka, L. F., Faxon, D. P., Jacobs, A. K., Fuster, V., Smith, S. C. Jr, Committee Members, , Task Force Members, (2002). ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices: Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines). Circulation 106: 2145-2161 [Full Text]  
• Callans, D. J. (2002). Management of the Patient Who Has Been Resuscitated From Sudden Cardiac Death. Circulation 105: 2704-2707 [Full Text]  
• Nisam, S., Farre, J. (2002). Is prophylaxis the best use of the ICD?. Eur Heart J 23: 700-705 [Full Text]  
• Parkes, J, Bryant, J, Milne, R (2002). Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in arrhythmias: a rapid and systematic review of effectiveness. Heart 87: 438-442 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Allot, E, de Chillou, C, Sadoul, N (2002). Ventricular instability and sudden death in patients with heart failure: lessons from clinical trials. Eur Heart J Suppl 4: D31-D42 [Abstract]  
• Stellbrink, C, Sinha, A.-M, Diem, B, Auricchio, A, Boccanelli, S, Brugada, J, Klein, H, Morgan, J, Padeletti, L, Aliot, E, Hanrath, P, on behalf of the PACMAN Investigators, (2002). Implantable card ioverter-defibrillators with or without cardiac resynchronization therapy -- multiple therapy in a single device: a review with special reference to the PACIVIAN study. Eur Heart J Suppl 4: D88-D94 [Abstract]  
• Deng, M.C, Ascheim, D.D, Edwards, N.M, Naka, Y (2002). End-stage heart failure: which options?. Eur Heart J Suppl 4: D122-D130 [Abstract]  
• Bigger, J. T. (2002). Expanding Indications for Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators. NEJM 346: 931-933 [Full Text]  
• Kadish, A. (2002). Primary prevention ofsudden death using ICD therapy: incremental steps. J Am Coll Cardiol 39: 788-789 [Full Text]  
• McNeil, B. J. (2001). Hidden Barriers to Improvement in the Quality of Care. NEJM 345: 1612-1620 [Full Text]  
• Sanders, G. D., Hlatky, M. A., Every, N. R., McDonald, K. M., Heidenreich, P. A., Parsons, L. S., Owens, D. K. (2001). Potential Cost-Effectiveness of Prophylactic Use of the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator or Amiodarone after Myocardial Infarction. ANN INTERN MED 135: 870-883 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Huikuri, H. V., Castellanos, A., Myerburg, R. J. (2001). Sudden Death Due to Cardiac Arrhythmias. NEJM 345: 1473-1482 [Full Text]  
• LIPSHULTZ, S. E., FISHER, S. D., LAI, W. W., MILLER, T. L. (2001). Cardiovascular Monitoring and Therapy for HIV-Infected Patients. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 946: 236-273 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Scharf, C., Redecker, H., Duru, F., Candinas, R., Brunner-La Rocca, H. P., Gerber, A., Bertel, O., Turina, M. I., Kiowski, W. (2001). Sudden cardiac death after coronary artery bypass grafting is not predicted by signal-averaged ECG. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 72: 1546-1551 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cleland, J. G F, John, J., Dhawan, J., Clark, A. (2001). What is the optimal medical management of ischaemic heart failure?. Br Med Bull 59: 135-158 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Weintraub, W. S. (2001). Revascularization Versus Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators to Prevent Sudden Death in Patients With Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction. Circulation 104: 1457-1458 [Full Text]