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Background Localized Lyme disease, manifested by erythema migrans, is usually treated with oral doxycycline or amoxicillin. Whether acute disseminated Borrelia burgdorferi infection should be treated differently from localized infection is unknown.
Methods We conducted a prospective, open-label, randomized, multicenter study comparing parenteral ceftriaxone (2 g once daily for 14 days) with oral doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 21 days) in patients with acute disseminated B. burgdorferi infection but without meningitis. The erythema migrans skin lesion was required for study entry, and disseminated disease had to be indicated by either multiple erythema migrans lesions or objective evidence of organ involvement.
Results Of 140 patients enrolled, 133 had multiple erythema migrans lesions. Both treatments were highly effective. Rates of clinical cure at the last evaluation were similar among the patients treated with ceftriaxone (85 percent) and those treated with doxycycline (88 percent); treatment was considered to have failed in only one patient in each group. Among patients whose infections were cured, 18 of 67 patients in the ceftriaxone group (27 percent) reported one or more residual symptoms at the last follow-up visit, as did 10 of 71 patients in the doxycycline group (14 percent, P > 0.05). Mild arthralgia was the most common persistent symptom. Both regimens were well tolerated; only four patients (6 percent) in each group withdrew because of adverse events.
Conclusions In patients with acute disseminated Lyme disease but without meningitis, oral doxycycline and parenterally administered ceftriaxone were equally effective in preventing the late manifestations of disease.
Source Information
From the Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook (R.J.D., B.J.L.); the Department of Infectious Diseases, Danbury Hospital, Danbury, Conn. (M.J.K.); the Middelfort Clinic, Eau Claire, Wis. (M.F.F.); New York Medical College, Valhalla (G.P.W.); Briarcliff Manor, N.Y. (T.J.R.); Greensport, N.Y. (E.G.); La Crosse, Wis. (W.A.A.); Willow Grove, Pa. (M.F.); and Hoffmann–La Roche, Nutley, N.J. (D.O., L.C., D.M.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Dattwyler at the Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8161.
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