FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Volume 338:633-639 March 5, 1998 Number 10 Next

	Full Text PDF Editorial by Bloom, B. R. Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited Related Article PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background and Methods From 1994 to 1996, there was a large outbreak of tuberculosis in a small, rural community with a population at low risk for tuberculosis. Twenty-one patients with tuberculosis (15 with positive cultures) were identified; the DNA fingerprints of the 13 isolates available for testing were identical. To determine the extent of transmission, we investigated both the close and casual contacts of the patients. Using a mouse model, we also studied the virulence of the strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that caused the outbreak.

Results The index patient, in whom tuberculosis was diagnosed in 1995; the source patient, in whom the disease was diagnosed in 1994; and a patient in whom the disease was diagnosed in 1996 infected the other 18 persons. In five, active disease developed after only brief, casual exposure. There was extensive transmission from the three patients to both close and casual contacts. Of the 429 contacts, 311 (72 percent) had positive skin tests, including 86 with documented skin-test conversions. Mice infected with the virulent Erdman strain of M. tuberculosis had approximately 1000 bacilli per lung after 10 days and about 10,000 bacilli per lung after 20 days. In contrast, mice infected with the strain involved in the outbreak had about 10,000 bacilli per lung after 10 days and about 10 million bacilli per lung after 20 days.

Conclusions In this outbreak of tuberculosis, the growth characteristics of the strain involved greatly exceeded those of other clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. The extensive transmission of tuberculosis may have been due to the increased virulence of the strain rather than to environmental factors or patient characteristics.

Source Information

From the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention (S.E.V., T.A., I.M.O.), Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office (M.P.C.S., T.A.), and the Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases (T.F.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (I.O.); the Tennessee Department of Health, Upper Cumberland Region, Cookeville (D.H., H.W.); and Kentucky Department for Health Services, Frankfort (J.S.J.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Valway at the Division of TB Elimination, Mailstop E-10, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333.

Full Text of this Article

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Akhtar, P., Singh, S., Bifani, P., Kaur, S., Srivastava, B. S., Srivastava, R. (2009). Variable-number tandem repeat 3690 polymorphism in Indian clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its influence on transcription. J Med Microbiol 58: 798-805 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Torrelles, J. B., Knaup, R., Kolareth, A., Slepushkina, T., Kaufman, T. M., Kang, P., Hill, P. J., Brennan, P. J., Chatterjee, D., Belisle, J. T., Musser, J. M., Schlesinger, L. S. (2008). Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates with Altered Phagocytosis by Human Macrophages Due to a Truncated Lipoarabinomannan. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 31417-31428 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hurdle, J. G., Lee, R. B., Budha, N. R., Carson, E. I., Qi, J., Scherman, M. S., Cho, S. H., McNeil, M. R., Lenaerts, A. J., Franzblau, S. G., Meibohm, B., Lee, R. E. (2008). A microbiological assessment of novel nitrofuranylamides as anti-tuberculosis agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 62: 1037-1045 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jeon, B. Y., Derrick, S. C., Lim, J., Kolibab, K., Dheenadhayalan, V., Yang, A. L., Kreiswirth, B., Morris, S. L. (2008). Mycobacterium bovis BCG Immunization Induces Protective Immunity against Nine Different Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains in Mice. Infect. Immun. 76: 5173-5180 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cohen, T., Colijn, C., Murray, M. (2008). Modeling the effects of strain diversity and mechanisms of strain competition on the potential performance of new tuberculosis vaccines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 16302-16307 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lazzarini, L. C. O., Spindola, S. M., Bang, H., Gibson, A. L., Weisenberg, S., da Silva Carvalho, W., Augusto, C. J., Huard, R. C., Kritski, A. L., Ho, J. L. (2008). RDRio Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Is Associated with a Higher Frequency of Cavitary Pulmonary Disease. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 2175-2183 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schaefer, M., Reiling, N., Fessler, C., Stephani, J., Taniuchi, I., Hatam, F., Yildirim, A. O., Fehrenbach, H., Walter, K., Ruland, J., Wagner, H., Ehlers, S., Sparwasser, T. (2008). Decreased Pathology and Prolonged Survival of Human DC-SIGN Transgenic Mice during Mycobacterial Infection. J. Immunol. 180: 6836-6845 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Thwaites, G., Caws, M., Chau, T. T. H., D'Sa, A., Lan, N. T. N., Huyen, M. N. T., Gagneux, S., Anh, P. T. H., Tho, D. Q., Torok, E., Nhu, N. T. Q., Duyen, N. T. H., Duy, P. M., Richenberg, J., Simmons, C., Hien, T. T., Farrar, J. (2008). Relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotype and the Clinical Phenotype of Pulmonary and Meningeal Tuberculosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 1363-1368 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cantrell, S. A., Pascopella, L., Flood, J., Crane, C. M., Kendall, L. V., Riley, L. W. (2008). Community-wide transmission of a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes reduced lung pathology in mice. J Med Microbiol 57: 21-27 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ventura, M., Canchaya, C., Tauch, A., Chandra, G., Fitzgerald, G. F., Chater, K. F., van Sinderen, D. (2007). Genomics of Actinobacteria: Tracing the Evolutionary History of an Ancient Phylum. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 71: 495-548 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ordway, D., Henao-Tamayo, M., Harton, M., Palanisamy, G., Troudt, J., Shanley, C., Basaraba, R. J., Orme, I. M. (2007). The Hypervirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain HN878 Induces a Potent TH1 Response followed by Rapid Down-Regulation. J. Immunol. 179: 522-531 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vishnoi, A., Roy, R., Bhattacharya, A. (2007). Comparative analysis of bacterial genomes: identification of divergent regions in mycobacterial strains using an anchor-based approach. Nucleic Acids Res 35: 3654-3667 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lun, S., Bishai, W. R. (2007). Characterization of a Novel Cell Wall-anchored Protein with Carboxylesterase Activity Required for Virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 18348-18356 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Warner, D. F., Savvi, S., Mizrahi, V., Dawes, S. S. (2007). A Riboswitch Regulates Expression of the Coenzyme B12-Independent Methionine Synthase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Implications for Differential Methionine Synthase Function in Strains H37Rv and CDC1551. J. Bacteriol. 189: 3655-3659 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Reed, M. B., Gagneux, S., DeRiemer, K., Small, P. M., Barry, C. E. III (2007). The W-Beijing Lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Overproduces Triglycerides and Has the DosR Dormancy Regulon Constitutively Upregulated. J. Bacteriol. 189: 2583-2589 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Andre, M., Ijaz, K., Tillinghast, J. D., Krebs, V. E., Diem, L. A., Metchock, B., Crisp, T., McElroy, P. D. (2007). Transmission Network Analysis to Complement Routine Tuberculosis Contact Investigations. AJPH 97: 470-477 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kong, Y., Cave, M. D., Zhang, L., Foxman, B., Marrs, C. F., Bates, J. H., Yang, Z. H. (2006). Population-Based Study of Deletions in Five Different Genomic Regions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Possible Clinical Relevance of the Deletions. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 3940-3946 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Newton, S. M., Smith, R. J., Wilkinson, K. A., Nicol, M. P., Garton, N. J., Staples, K. J., Stewart, G. R., Wain, J. R., Martineau, A. R., Fandrich, S., Smallie, T., Foxwell, B., Al-Obaidi, A., Shafi, J., Rajakumar, K., Kampmann, B., Andrew, P. W., Ziegler-Heitbrock, L., Barer, M. R., Wilkinson, R. J. (2006). A deletion defining a common Asian lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis associates with immune subversion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 15594-15598 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mathema, B., Kurepina, N. E., Bifani, P. J., Kreiswirth, B. N. (2006). Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis: Current Insights. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 19: 658-685 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schluger, N. W. (2006). Assessing tuberculosis transmission and virulence: the vanishing tuberculin skin test.. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 173: 942-943 [Full Text]  
• Anderson, S. T., Williams, A. J., Brown, J. R., Newton, S. M., Simsova, M., Nicol, M. P., Sebo, P., Levin, M., Wilkinson, R. J., Wilkinson, K. A. (2006). Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Undetected by Tuberculin Skin Testing. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 173: 1038-1042 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van Deutekom, H., Supply, P., de Haas, P. E. W., Willery, E., Hoijng, S. P., Locht, C., Coutinho, R. A., van Soolingen, D. (2005). Molecular Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis, a More Accurate Method for Identifying Epidemiological Links between Patients with Tuberculosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 4473-4479 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brugmann, W. B., Firmani, M. A. (2005). Low Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Exert a Hormetic Effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis In Vitro. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 4844-4846 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yang, Z., Yang, D., Kong, Y., Zhang, L., Marrs, C. F., Foxman, B., Bates, J. H., Wilson, F., Cave, M. D. (2005). Clinical Relevance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis plcD Gene Mutations. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 171: 1436-1442 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Janulionis, E., Sofer, C., Schwander, S. K., Nevels, D., Kreiswirth, B., Shashkina, E., Wallis, R. S. (2005). Survival and Replication of Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in the Context of Human Innate Immunity. Infect. Immun. 73: 2595-2601 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lamichhane, G., Tyagi, S., Bishai, W. R. (2005). Designer Arrays for Defined Mutant Analysis To Detect Genes Essential for Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mouse Lungs. Infect. Immun. 73: 2533-2540 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gao, Q., Kripke, K. E., Saldanha, A. J., Yan, W., Holmes, S., Small, P. M. (2005). Gene expression diversity among Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. Microbiology 151: 5-14 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Manca, C., Reed, M. B., Freeman, S., Mathema, B., Kreiswirth, B., Barry, C. E. III, Kaplan, G. (2004). Differential Monocyte Activation Underlies Strain-Specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis. Infect. Immun. 72: 5511-5514 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Richeldi, L., Ewer, K., Losi, M., Bergamini, B. M., Roversi, P., Deeks, J., Fabbri, L. M., Lalvani, A. (2004). T Cell-Based Tracking of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Infection after Brief Exposure. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 170: 288-295 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Goguet de la Salmoniere, Y.-O. L., Kim, C. C., Tsolaki, A. G., Pym, A. S., Siegrist, M. S., Small, P. M. (2004). High-Throughput Method for Detecting Genomic-Deletion Polymorphisms. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 2913-2918 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Glatman-Freedman, A., Casadevall, A., Dai, Z., Jacobs, W. R. Jr., Li, A., Morris, S. L., Navoa, J. A. D., Piperdi, S., Robbins, J. B., Schneerson, R., Schwebach, J. R., Shapiro, M. (2004). Antigenic Evidence of Prevalence and Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Arabinomannan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 3225-3231 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• BHANU, N. V., BANAVALIKAR, J. N., KAPOOR, S. K., SETH, P. (2004). SUSPECTED SMALL-SCALE INTERPERSONAL TRANSMISSION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN WARDS OF AN URBAN HOSPITAL IN DELHI, INDIA. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 527-531 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ruddy, M C, Davies, A P, Yates, M D, Yates, S, Balasegaram, S, Drabu, Y, Patel, B, Lozewicz, S, Sen, S, Bahl, M, James, E, Lipman, M, Duckworth, G, Watson, J M, Piper, M, Drobniewski, F A, Maguire, H (2004). Outbreak of isoniazid resistant tuberculosis in north London. Thorax 59: 279-285 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van Deutekom, H., Hoijng, S. P., de Haas, P. E. W., Langendam, M. W., Horsman, A., van Soolingen, D., Coutinho, R. A. (2004). Clustered Tuberculosis Cases: Do They Represent Recent Transmission and Can They Be Detected Earlier?. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 169: 806-810 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Geiman, D. E., Kaushal, D., Ko, C., Tyagi, S., Manabe, Y. C., Schroeder, B. G., Fleischmann, R. D., Morrison, N. E., Converse, P. J., Chen, P., Bishai, W. R. (2004). Attenuation of Late-Stage Disease in Mice Infected by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mutant Lacking the SigF Alternate Sigma Factor and Identification of SigF-Dependent Genes by Microarray Analysis. Infect. Immun. 72: 1733-1745 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Theus, S. A., Cave, M. D., Eisenach, K. D. (2004). Activated THP-1 Cells: an Attractive Model for the Assessment of Intracellular Growth Rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates. Infect. Immun. 72: 1169-1173 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Soto, C. Y., Menendez, M. C., Perez, E., Samper, S., Gomez, A. B., Garcia, M. J., Martin, C. (2004). IS6110 Mediates Increased Transcription of the phoP Virulence Gene in a Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolate Responsible for Tuberculosis Outbreaks. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 212-219 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Barnes, P. F., Cave, M. D. (2003). Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis. NEJM 349: 1149-1156 [Full Text]  
• Kinsella, R. J., Fitzpatrick, D. A., Creevey, C. J., McInerney, J. O. (2003). Fatty acid biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Lateral gene transfer, adaptive evolution, and gene duplication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 10320-10325 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cahn, P., Perez, H., Ben, G., Ochoa, C. (2003). Tuberculosis and HIV: A Partnership Against the Most Vulnerable. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill) 2: 106-123 [Abstract]  
• Lamichhane, G., Zignol, M., Blades, N. J., Geiman, D. E., Dougherty, A., Grosset, J., Broman, K. W., Bishai, W. R. (2003). A postgenomic method for predicting essential genes at subsaturation levels of mutagenesis: Application to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 7213-7218 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gutacker, M. M., Smoot, J. C., Migliaccio, C. A. L., Ricklefs, S. M., Hua, S., Cousins, D. V., Graviss, E. A., Shashkina, E., Kreiswirth, B. N., Musser, J. M. (2002). Genome-Wide Analysis of Synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Organisms: Resolution of Genetic Relationships Among Closely Related Microbial Strains. Genetics 162: 1533-1543 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Li, Q., Whalen, C. C., Albert, J. M., Larkin, R., Zukowski, L., Cave, M. D., Silver, R. F. (2002). Differences in Rate and Variability of Intracellular Growth of a Panel of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates within a Human Monocyte Model. Infect. Immun. 70: 6489-6493 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sims, E. J., Goyal, M., Arnold, C. (2002). Experimental versus In Silico Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Improved Typing with an Extended Fragment Range. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 4072-4076 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Comstock, G. W. (2002). Tuberculosis transmission--rogue pathogen, rogue patient, or the vagaries of change?. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 166: 1141-1142 [Full Text]  
• Jung, Y.-J., LaCourse, R., Ryan, L., North, R. J. (2002). Virulent but not Avirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Can Evade the Growth Inhibitory Action of a T Helper 1-dependent, Nitric Oxide Synthase 2-independent Defense in Mice. JEM 196: 991-998 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fleischmann, R. D., Alland, D., Eisen, J. A., Carpenter, L., White, O., Peterson, J., DeBoy, R., Dodson, R., Gwinn, M., Haft, D., Hickey, E., Kolonay, J. F., Nelson, W. C., Umayam, L. A., Ermolaeva, M., Salzberg, S. L., Delcher, A., Utterback, T., Weidman, J., Khouri, H., Gill, J., Mikula, A., Bishai, W., Jacobs, W. R. Jr., Venter, J. C., Fraser, C. M. (2002). Whole-Genome Comparison of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical and Laboratory Strains. J. Bacteriol. 184: 5479-5490 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schwebach, J. R., Chen, B., Glatman-Freedman, A., Casadevall, A., McKinney, J. D., Harb, J. L., McGuire, P. J., Barkley, W. E., Bloom, B. R., Jacobs, W. R. Jr. (2002). Infection of Mice with Aerosolized Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Use of a Nose-Only Apparatus for Delivery of Low Doses of Inocula and Design of an Ultrasafe Facility. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 4646-4649 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Firmani, M. A., Riley, L. W. (2002). Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates Have a Bacteriostatic Effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis In Vitro. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 3162-3166 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Firmani, M. A., Riley, L. W. (2002). Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 Is Resistant to Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Intermediates In Vitro. Infect. Immun. 70: 3965-3968 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Weis, S. E., Pogoda, J. M., Yang, Z., Cave, M. D., Wallace, C., Kelley, M., Barnes, P. F. (2002). Transmission Dynamics of Tuberculosis in Tarrant County, Texas. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 166: 36-42 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kaushal, D., Schroeder, B. G., Tyagi, S., Yoshimatsu, T., Scott, C., Ko, C., Carpenter, L., Mehrotra, J., Manabe, Y. C., Fleischmann, R. D., Bishai, W. R. (2002). Reduced immunopathology and mortality despite tissue persistence in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutant lacking alternative sigma factor, SigH. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 8330-8335 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• CARVALHO, A. C. C., DERIEMER, K., NUNES, Z. B., MARTINS, M., COMELLI, M., MARINONI, A., KRITSKI, A. L. (2001). Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Contacts of HIV-infected Tuberculosis Patients. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164: 2166-2171 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Golub, J. E., Cronin, W. A., Obasanjo, O. O., Coggin, W., Moore, K., Pope, D. S., Thompson, D., Sterling, T. R., Harrington, S., Bishai, W. R., Chaisson, R. E. (2001). Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Through Casual Contact With an Infectious Case. Arch Intern Med 161: 2254-2258 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bishai, W. (2001). Tuberculosis Transmission-Rogue Pathogen or Rogue Patient?. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164: 1104-1105 [Full Text]  
• CAMINERO, J. A., PENA, M. J., CAMPOS-HERRERO, M. I., RODRIGUEZ, J. C., GARCIA, I., CABRERA, P., LAFOZ, C., SAMPER, S., TAKIFF, H., AFONSO, O., PAVON, J. M., TORRES, M. J., SOOLINGEN, D. V., ENARSON, D. A., MARTIN, C. (2001). Epidemiological Evidence of the Spread of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain of the Beijing Genotype on Gran Canaria Island. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164: 1165-1170 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kusner, D. J., Barton, J. A. (2001). ATP Stimulates Human Macrophages to Kill Intracellular Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Via Calcium-Dependent Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion. J. Immunol. 167: 3308-3315 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Davies, P D O, Grange, J M (2001). Factors affecting susceptibility and resistance to tuberculosis. Thorax 56: ii23-29 [Full Text]  
• Parrish, N. M., Houston, T., Jones, P. B., Townsend, C., Dick, J. D. (2001). In Vitro Activity of a Novel Antimycobacterial Compound, N-Octanesulfonylacetamide, and Its Effects on Lipid and Mycolic Acid Synthesis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45: 1143-1150 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kato-Maeda, M., Rhee, J. T., Gingeras, T. R., Salamon, H., Drenkow, J., Smittipat, N., Small, P. M. (2001). Comparing Genomes within the Species Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Genome Res 11: 547-554 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Betts, J. C., Dodson, P., Quan, S., Lewis, A. P., Thomas, P. J., Duncan, K., McAdam, R. A. (2000). Comparison of the proteome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv with clinical isolate CDC 1551. Microbiology 146: 3205-3216 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pym, A. S., Brosch, R. (2000). Tools for the Population Genomics of the Tubercle Bacilli. Genome Res 10: 1837-1839 [Full Text]  
• Salamon, H., Kato-Maeda, M., Small, P. M., Drenkow, J., Gingeras, T. R. (2000). Detection of Deleted Genomic DNA Using a Semiautomated Computational Analysis of GeneChip Data. Genome Res 10: 2044-2054 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dobos, K. M., Spotts, E. A., Quinn, F. D., King, C. H. (2000). Necrosis of Lung Epithelial Cells during Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Preceded by Cell Permeation. Infect. Immun. 68: 6300-6310 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chen, P., Ruiz, R. E., Li, Q., Silver, R. F., Bishai, W. R. (2000). Construction and Characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mutant Lacking the Alternate Sigma Factor Gene, sigF. Infect. Immun. 68: 5575-5580 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Primm, T. P., Andersen, S. J., Mizrahi, V., Avarbock, D., Rubin, H., Barry, C. E. III (2000). The Stringent Response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Required for Long-Term Survival. J. Bacteriol. 182: 4889-4898 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Beggs, M. L., Eisenach, K. D., Cave, M. D. (2000). Mapping of IS6110 Insertion Sites in Two Epidemic Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 2923-2928 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schwartzman, K., Menzies, D. (2000). How long are TB patients infectious?. CMAJ 163: 157-158 [Full Text]  
• Nau, G. J., Chupp, G. L., Emile, J.-F., Jouanguy, E., Berman, J. S., Casanova, J.-L., Young, R. A. (2000). Osteopontin Expression Correlates with Clinical Outcome in Patients with Mycobacterial Infection. Am. J. Pathol. 157: 37-42 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bosio, C. M., Gardner, D., Elkins, K. L. (2000). Infection of B Cell-Deficient Mice with CDC 1551, a Clinical Isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Delay in Dissemination and Development of Lung Pathology. J. Immunol. 164: 6417-6425 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chin, D. P., Crane, C. M., Diul, M. Y., Sun, S. J., Agraz, R., Taylor, S., Desmond, E., Wise, F. (2000). Spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Community Implementing Recommended Elements of Tuberculosis Control. JAMA 283: 2968-2974 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lauzardo, M., Ashkin, D. (2000). Phthisiology at the Dawn of the New Century. Chest 117: 1455-1473 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• (2000). Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children . This Official Statement of the American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was Adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. This Statement was endorsed by the Council of the Infectious Disease Society of America, September 1999. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 161: 1376-1395 [Full Text]  
• Beggs, C.B., Donnelly, J.K., Kerr, K.G., Sleigh, P.A., Mara, D.D., Cairns, G. (2000). The Use of Engineering Controls to Disinfect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Airborne Pathogens in Hospital Buildings. Indoor and Built Environment 9: 17-27 [Abstract]  
• Kusner, D. J., Adams, J. (2000). ATP-Induced Killing of Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Within Human Macrophages Requires Phospholipase D. J. Immunol. 164: 379-388 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Manabe, Y. C., Chen, J. M., Ko, C. G., Chen, P., Bishai, W. R. (1999). Conditional Sigma Factor Expression, Using the Inducible Acetamidase Promoter, Reveals that the Mycobacterium tuberculosis sigF Gene Modulates Expression of the 16-Kilodalton Alpha-Crystallin Homologue. J. Bacteriol. 181: 7629-7633 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Haas, W. H., Engelmann, G., Amthor, B., Shyamba, S., Mugala, F., Felten, M., Rabbow, M., Leichsenring, M., Oosthuizen, O. J., Bremer, H. J. (1999). Transmission Dynamics of Tuberculosis in a High-Incidence Country: Prospective Analysis by PCR DNA Fingerprinting. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37: 3975-3979 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Manabe, Y. C., Saviola, B. J., Sun, L., Murphy, J. R., Bishai, W. R. (1999). Attenuation of virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis expressing a constitutively active iron repressor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 12844-12848 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• North, R. J., Ryan, L., LaCource, R., Mogues, T., Goodrich, M. E. (1999). Growth Rate of Mycobacteria in Mice as an Unreliable Indicator of Mycobacterial Virulence. Infect. Immun. 67: 5483-5485 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Miyazaki, E., Chaisson, R. E., Bishai, W. R. (1999). Analysis of Rifapentine for Preventive Therapy in the Cornell Mouse Model of Latent Tuberculosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43: 2126-2130 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bishai, W. R., Dannenberg, A. M. Jr., Parrish, N., Ruiz, R., Chen, P., Zook, B. C., Johnson, W., Boles, J. W., Pitt, M. L. M. (1999). Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 and H37Rv in Rabbits Evaluated by Lurie's Pulmonary Tubercle Count Method. Infect. Immun. 67: 4931-4934 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nau, G. J., Liaw, L., Chupp, G. L., Berman, J. S., Hogan, B. L. M., Young, R. A. (1999). Attenuated Host Resistance against Mycobacterium bovis BCG Infection in Mice Lacking Osteopontin. Infect. Immun. 67: 4223-4230 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wilkinson, R. J., Patel, P., Llewelyn, M., Hirsch, C. S., Pasvol, G., Snounou, G., Davidson, R. N., Toossi, Z. (1999). Influence of Polymorphism in the Genes for the Interleukin (IL)-1 Receptor Antagonist and IL-1{beta} on Tuberculosis. JEM 189: 1863-1874 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rhee, J. T., Piatek, A. S., Small, P. M., Harris, L. M., Chaparro, S. V., Kramer, F. R., Alland, D. (1999). Molecular Epidemiologic Evaluation of Transmissibility and Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37: 1764-1770 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Manca, C., Tsenova, L., Barry, C. E. III, Bergtold, A., Freeman, S., Haslett, P. A. J., Musser, J. M., Freedman, V. H., Kaplan, G. (1999). Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 Induces a More Vigorous Host Response In Vivo and In Vitro, But Is Not More Virulent Than Other Clinical Isolates. J. Immunol. 162: 6740-6746 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Classen, C. N, Warren, R., Richardson, M., Hauman, J. H, Gie, R. P, Ellis, J. H P, van Helden, P. D, Beyers, N. (1999). Impact of social interactions in the community on the transmission of tuberculosis in a high incidence area. Thorax 54: 136-140 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Miyazaki, E., Miyazaki, M., Chen, J. M., Chaisson, R. E., Bishai, W. R. (1999). Moxifloxacin (BAY12-8039), a New 8-Methoxyquinolone, Is Active in a Mouse Model of Tuberculosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43: 85-89 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Barnes, P. F. (1998). Reducing Ongoing Transmission of Tuberculosis. JAMA 280: 1702-1703 [Full Text]  
• Brooks, J. V., Orme, I. M. (1998). Evaluation of Once-Weekly Therapy for Tuberculosis Using Isoniazid plus Rifamycins in the Mouse Aerosol Infection Model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42: 3047-3048 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• (1998). Hypertransmissible Tuberculosis. JWatch Infect. Diseases 1998: 5-5 [Full Text]  
• Bloom, B. R., Small, P. M. (1998). The Evolving Relation between Humans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. NEJM 338: 677-678 [Full Text]  
• Manca, C., Tsenova, L., Bergtold, A., Freeman, S., Tovey, M., Musser, J. M., Barry, C. E. III, Freedman, V. H., Kaplan, G. (2001). Virulence of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolate in mice is determined by failure to induce Th1 type immunity and is associated with induction of IFN-alpha /beta. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 5752-5757 [Abstract] [Full Text]