FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 338:232-238 January 22, 1998 Number 4 Next

	Full Text PDF Editorial by Garibaldi, R. A. Letters Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background and Methods Optimal decisions about the use of antibiotics and other antiinfective agents in critically ill patients require access to a large amount of complex information. We have developed a computerized decision-support program linked to computer-based patient records that can assist physicians in the use of antiinfective agents and improve the quality of care. This program presents epidemiologic information, along with detailed recommendations and warnings. The program recommends antiinfective regimens and courses of therapy for particular patients and provides immediate feedback. We prospectively studied the use of the computerized antiinfectives-management program for one year in a 12-bed intensive care unit.

Results During the intervention period, all 545 patients admitted were cared for with the aid of the antiinfectives-management program. Measures of processes and outcomes were compared with those for the 1136 patients admitted to the same unit during the two years before the intervention period. The use of the program led to significant reductions in orders for drugs to which the patients had reported allergies (35, vs. 146 during the preintervention period; P<0.01), excess drug dosages (87 vs. 405, P<0.01), and antibiotic-susceptibility mismatches (12 vs. 206, P<0.01). There were also marked reductions in the mean number of days of excessive drug dosage (2.7 vs. 5.9, P<0.002) and in adverse events caused by antiinfective agents (4 vs. 28, P<0.02). In analyses of patients who received antiinfective agents, those treated during the intervention period who always received the regimens recommended by the computer program (n = 203) had significant reductions, as compared with those who did not always receive the recommended regimens (n = 195) and those in the preintervention cohort (n = 766), in the cost of antiinfective agents (adjusted mean, $102 vs. $427 and $340, respectively; P<0.001), in total hospital costs (adjusted mean, $26,315 vs. $44,865 and $35,283; P<0.001), and in the length of the hospital stay (adjusted mean, 10.0 vs. 16.7 and 12.9 days; P<0.001).

Conclusions A computerized antiinfectives-management program can improve the quality of patient care and reduce costs.

Source Information

From the Departments of Clinical Epidemiology (R.S.E., S.L.P., D.C.C., J.F.L., J.P.B.), Critical Care (T.P.C., L.K.W., J.F.O.), and Medical Informatics (R.S.E.), LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Evans at the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, LDS Hospital, 8th Ave. and C St., Salt Lake City, UT 84143.

Full Text of this Article

Related Letters:

A Computer-Assisted Management Program for Antiinfective Agents
Majumdar S. R., Ross-Degnan D., Soumerai S. B., Cole C. L., Johnson J. R., Duncan R. A., Burke J. P., Classen D. C., Evans R. S.
Extract | Full Text  
N Engl J Med 1998; 338:1775-1776, Jun 11, 1998. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Devine, E. B., Hansen, R. N, Wilson-Norton, J. L, Lawless, N M, Fisk, A. W, Blough, D. K, Martin, D. P, Sullivan, S. D (2010). The impact of computerized provider order entry on medication errors in a multispecialty group practice. J Am Med Inform Assoc 17: 78-84 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Larson, E. L., Cohen, B., Ross, B., Behta, M. (2010). Isolation Precautions for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Electronic Surveillance to Monitor Adherence. Am J Crit Care 19: 16-26 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van Doormaal, J. E, van den Bemt, P. M L A, Zaal, R. J, Egberts, A. C G, Lenderink, B. W, Kosterink, J. G W, Haaijer-Ruskamp, F. M, Mol, P. G M (2009). The Influence that Electronic Prescribing Has on Medication Errors and Preventable Adverse Drug Events: an Interrupted Time-series Study. J Am Med Inform Assoc 16: 816-825 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Weingart, S. N., Simchowitz, B., Padolsky, H., Isaac, T., Seger, A. C., Massagli, M., Davis, R. B., Weissman, J. S. (2009). An Empirical Model to Estimate the Potential Impact of Medication Safety Alerts on Patient Safety, Health Care Utilization, and Cost in Ambulatory Care. Arch Intern Med 169: 1465-1473 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Levin, A., Chaudhry, M. R., Djurdjev, O., Beaulieu, M., Komenda, P. (2009). Diabetes, kidney disease and cardiovascular disease patients. Assessing care of complex patients using outpatient testing and visits: additional metrics by which to evaluate health care system functioning. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: 2714-2720 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yu, F. B., Menachemi, N., Berner, E. S., Allison, J. J., Weissman, N. W., Houston, T. K. (2009). Full Implementation of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Medication-Related Quality Outcomes: A Study of 3364 Hospitals. American Journal of Medical Quality 24: 278-286 [Abstract]  
• Camire, E., Moyen, E., Stelfox, H. T. (2009). Medication errors in critical care: risk factors, prevention and disclosure. CMAJ 180: 936-943 [Full Text]  
• Lawrence, K. L., Kollef, M. H. (2009). Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Intensive Care Unit: Advances and Obstacles. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 179: 434-438 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vincent, W. R, Martin, C. A, Winstead, P S., Smith, K. M, Gatz, J., Lewis, D. A (2009). Effects of a Pharmacist-to-Dose Computerized Request on Promptness of Antimicrobial Therapy. J Am Med Inform Assoc 16: 47-53 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lo, H. G, Matheny, M. E, Seger, D. L, Bates, D. W, Gandhi, T. K (2009). Impact of Non-interruptive Medication Laboratory Monitoring Alerts in Ambulatory Care. J Am Med Inform Assoc 16: 66-71 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Spooner, S. A., Classen, D. C. (2009). Data Standards and Improvement of Quality and Safety in Child Health Care. Pediatrics 123: S74-S79 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Buising, K. L., Thursky, K. A., Robertson, M. B., Black, J. F., Street, A. C., Richards, M. J., Brown, G. V. (2008). Electronic antibiotic stewardship--reduced consumption of broad-spectrum antibiotics using a computerized antimicrobial approval system in a hospital setting. J Antimicrob Chemother 62: 608-616 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ammenwerth, E., Schnell-Inderst, P., Machan, C., Siebert, U. (2008). The Effect of Electronic Prescribing on Medication Errors and Adverse Drug Events: A Systematic Review. J Am Med Inform Assoc 15: 585-600 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kilbridge, P. M, Classen, D. C (2008). The Informatics Opportunities at the Intersection of Patient Safety and Clinical Informatics. J Am Med Inform Assoc 15: 397-407 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schnipper, J. L, Linder, J. A, Palchuk, M. B, Einbinder, J. S, Li, Q., Postilnik, A., Middleton, B. (2008). "Smart Forms" in an Electronic Medical Record: Documentation-based Clinical Decision Support to Improve Disease Management. J Am Med Inform Assoc 15: 513-523 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Karnon, J., McIntosh, A., Dean, J., Bath, P., Hutchinson, A., Oakley, J., Thomas, N., Pratt, P., Freeman-Parry, L., Karsh, B.-T., Gandhi, T., Tappenden, P. (2008). Modelling the expected net benefits of interventions to reduce the burden of medication errors. J Health Serv Res Policy 13: 85-91 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Holdsworth, M. T., Fichtl, R. E., Raisch, D. W., Hewryk, A., Behta, M., Mendez-Rico, E., Wong, C. L., Cohen, J., Bostwick, S., Greenwald, B. M. (2007). Impact of Computerized Prescriber Order Entry on the Incidence of Adverse Drug Events in Pediatric Inpatients. Pediatrics 120: 1058-1066 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Edited on behalf of the National Institute of Biom, , Price, C. P., Kricka, L. J. (2007). Improving Healthcare Accessibility through Point-of-Care Technologies. Clin. Chem. 53: 1665-1675 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hand, K. (2007). Antibiotic pharmacists in the ascendancy. J Antimicrob Chemother 60: i73-i76 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gerstle, R. S., Lehmann, C. U., the Council on Clinical Information Technology, (2007). Electronic Prescribing Systems in Pediatrics: The Rationale and Functionality Requirements. Pediatrics 119: e1413-e1422 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Goldberg, G. R., Morrison, R. S. (2007). Pain Management in Hospitalized Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review. JCO 25: 1792-1801 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Weant, K. A., Cook, A. M., Armitstead, J. A. (2007). Medication-error reporting and pharmacy resident experience during implementation of computerized prescriber order entry. Am J Health Syst Pharm 64: 526-530 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kuperman, G. J, Bobb, A., Payne, T. H, Avery, A. J, Gandhi, T. K, Burns, G., Classen, D. C, Bates, D. W (2007). Medication-related Clinical Decision Support in Computerized Provider Order Entry Systems: A Review. J Am Med Inform Assoc 14: 29-40 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Paul, M., Andreassen, S., Tacconelli, E., Nielsen, A. D., Almanasreh, N., Frank, U., Cauda, R., Leibovici, L., on behalf of the TREAT Study Group, (2006). Improving empirical antibiotic treatment using TREAT, a computerized decision support system: cluster randomized trial. J Antimicrob Chemother 58: 1238-1245 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Abboud, P. A., Ancheta, R., McKibben, M., Jacobs, B. R., Clinical Informatics Outcomes Research Group, (2006). Impact of workflow-integrated corollary orders on aminoglycoside monitoring in children. Health Informatics Journal 12: 187-198 [Abstract]  
• McGregor, J. C, Weekes, E., Forrest, G. N, Standiford, H. C, Perencevich, E. N, Furuno, J. P, Harris, A. D (2006). Impact of a Computerized Clinical Decision Support System on Reducing Inappropriate Antimicrobial Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Med Inform Assoc 13: 378-384 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sidorov, J. (2006). It Ain't Necessarily So: The Electronic Health Record And The Unlikely Prospect Of Reducing Health Care Costs.. Health Aff (Millwood) 25: 1079-1085 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Thursky, K. A., Buising, K. L., Bak, N., Macgregor, L., Street, A. C., Macintyre, C. R., Presneill, J. J., Cade, J. F., Brown, G. V. (2006). Reduction of broad-spectrum antibiotic use with computerized decision support in an intensive care unit. Int J Qual Health Care 18: 224-231 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chaudhry, B., Wang, J., Wu, S., Maglione, M., Mojica, W., Roth, E., Morton, S. C., Shekelle, P. G. (2006). Systematic Review: Impact of Health Information Technology on Quality, Efficiency, and Costs of Medical Care. ANN INTERN MED 144: 742-752 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Drew, R. H., Kawamoto, K., Adams, M. B. (2006). Information technology for optimizing the management of infectious diseases. Am J Health Syst Pharm 63: 957-965 [Full Text]  
• Morrison, R. S., Meier, D. E., Fischberg, D., Moore, C., Degenholtz, H., Litke, A., Maroney-Galin, C., Siu, A. L. (2006). Improving the management of pain in hospitalized adults.. Arch Intern Med 166: 1033-1039 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kaushal, R., Jha, A. K, Franz, C., Glaser, J., Shetty, K. D, Jaggi, T., Middleton, B., Kuperman, G. J, Khorasani, R., Tanasijevic, M., Bates, D. W, Brigham and Women's Hospital CPOE Working Group, (2006). Return on Investment for a Computerized Physician Order Entry System. J Am Med Inform Assoc 13: 261-266 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kilbridge, P M, Welebob, E M, Classen, D C (2006). Development of the Leapfrog methodology for evaluating hospital implemented inpatient computerized physician order entry systems.. Qual Saf Health Care 15: 81-84 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Feifer, C., Ornstein, S. M., Jenkins, R. G., Wessell, A., Corley, S. T., Nemeth, L. S., Roylance, L., Nietert, P. J., Liszka, H. (2006). The Logic Behind a Multimethod Intervention to Improve Adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines in a Nationwide Network of Primary Care Practices. Eval Health Prof 29: 65-88 [Abstract]  
• Ozdas, A., Speroff, T., Waitman, L R., Ozbolt, J., Butler, J., Miller, R. A (2006). Integrating "Best of Care" Protocols into Clinicians' Workflow via Care Provider Order Entry: Impact on Quality-of-Care Indicators for Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Med Inform Assoc 13: 188-196 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shah, N. R, Seger, A. C, Seger, D. L, Fiskio, J. M, Kuperman, G. J, Blumenfeld, B., Recklet, E. G, Bates, D. W, Gandhi, T. K (2006). Improving Acceptance of Computerized Prescribing Alerts in Ambulatory Care. J Am Med Inform Assoc 13: 5-11 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Webster, J. L., Cao, C. G. L. (2006). Lowering Communication Barriers in Operating Room Technology. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 48: 747-758 [Abstract]  
• Voit, S. B., Todd, J. K., Nelson, B., Nyquist, A.-C. (2005). Electronic Surveillance System for Monitoring Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis. Pediatrics 116: 1317-1322 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stevenson, K. B., Barbera, J., Moore, J. W., Samore, M. H., Houck, P. (2005). Understanding Keys to Successful Implementation of Electronic Decision Support in Rural Hospitals: Analysis of a Pilot Study for Antimicrobial Prescribing. American Journal of Medical Quality 20: 313-318 [Abstract]  
• Cutler, D. M., Feldman, N. E., Horwitz, J. R. (2005). U.S. Adoption Of Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems. Health Aff (Millwood) 24: 1654-1663 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Upperman, J. S., Staley, P., Friend, K., Benes, J., Dailey, J., Neches, W., Wiener, E. S. (2005). The Introduction of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Change Management in a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital. Pediatrics 116: e634-e642 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yeom, J. H., Park, J. S., Oh, O.-H., Shin, H. T., Oh, J. M. (2005). Identification of Inappropriate Drug Prescribing by Computerized, Retrospective DUR Screening in Korea. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 39: 1918-1923 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• MacDougall, C., Polk, R. E. (2005). Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Health Care Systems. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18: 638-656 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sintchenko, V., Iredell, J. R, Gilbert, G. L, Coiera, E. (2005). Handheld Computer-based Decision Support Reduces Patient Length of Stay and Antibiotic Prescribing in Critical Care. J Am Med Inform Assoc 12: 398-402 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hsu, J., Huang, J., Fung, V., Robertson, N., Jimison, H., Frankel, R. (2005). Health Information Technology and Physician-Patient Interactions: Impact of Computers on Communication during Outpatient Primary Care Visits. J Am Med Inform Assoc 12: 474-480 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cohen, M M, Kimmel, N L, Benage, M K, Cox, M J, Sanders, N, Spence, D, Chen, J (2005). Medication safety program reduces adverse drug events in a community hospital. Qual Saf Health Care 14: 169-174 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Galanter, W. L, Didomenico, R. J, Polikaitis, A. (2005). A Trial of Automated Decision Support Alerts for Contraindicated Medications Using Computerized Physician Order Entry. J Am Med Inform Assoc 12: 269-274 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, C J., Marken, R. S, Meili, R. C, Straus, J. B, Landman, A. B, Bell, D. S (2005). Functional Characteristics of Commercial Ambulatory Electronic Prescribing Systems: A Field Study. J Am Med Inform Assoc 12: 346-356 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Martin, C., Ofotokun, I., Rapp, R., Empey, K., Armitstead, J., Pomeroy, C., Hoven, A., Evans, M. (2005). Results of an antimicrobial control program at a university hospital. Am J Health Syst Pharm 62: 732-738 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Koppel, R., Metlay, J. P., Cohen, A., Abaluck, B., Localio, A. R., Kimmel, S. E., Strom, B. L. (2005). Role of Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems in Facilitating Medication Errors. JAMA 293: 1197-1203 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nash, I. S., Rojas, M., Hebert, P., Marrone, S. R., Colgan, C., Fisher, L. A., Caliendo, G., Chassin, M. R. (2005). Reducing Excessive Medication Administration in Hospitalized Adults With Renal Dysfunction. American Journal of Medical Quality 20: 64-69 [Abstract]  
• (2005). Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Hospital-acquired, Ventilator-associated, and Healthcare-associated Pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 171: 388-416 [Full Text]  
• Bratzler, D. W., Houck, P. M., Richards, C., Steele, L., Dellinger, E. P., Fry, D. E., Wright, C., Ma, A., Carr, K., Red, L. (2005). Use of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Major Surgery: Baseline Results From the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. Arch Surg 140: 174-182 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ohsfeldt, R. L, Ward, M. M, Schneider, J. E, Jaana, M., Miller, T. R, Lei, Y., Wakefield, D. S (2005). Implementation of Hospital Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems in a Rural State: Feasibility and Financial Impact. J Am Med Inform Assoc 12: 20-27 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• SCHLEYER, T. K.L. (2004). Should dentistry be part of the National Health Information Infrastructure?. Journal of the American Dental Association 135: 1687-1695 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hsieh, T. C, Kuperman, G. J, Jaggi, T., Hojnowski-Diaz, P., Fiskio, J., Williams, D. H, Bates, D. W, Gandhi, T. K (2004). Characteristics and Consequences of Drug Allergy Alert Overrides in a Computerized Physician Order Entry System. J Am Med Inform Assoc 11: 482-491 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Trivedi, M. H., Kern, J. K., Grannemann, B. D., Altshuler, K. Z., Sunderajan, P. (2004). A Computerized Clinical Decision Support System as a Means of Implementing Depression Guidelines. Psychiatr. Serv. 55: 879-885 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bogucki, B., Jacobs, B. R, Hingle, J., and the Clinical Informatics Outcomes Research Gro, (2004). Computerized Reminders Reduce the Use of Medications during Shortages. J Am Med Inform Assoc 11: 278-280 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Frush, K. S., Luo, X., Hutchinson, P., Higgins, J. N. (2004). Evaluation of a Method to Reduce Over-the-Counter Medication Dosing Error. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 158: 620-624 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Senn, L., Burnand, B., Francioli, P., Zanetti, G. (2004). Improving appropriateness of antibiotic therapy: randomized trial of an intervention to foster reassessment of prescription after 3 days. J Antimicrob Chemother 53: 1062-1067 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mosen, D., Elliott, C. G., Egger, M. J., Mundorff, M., Hopkins, J., Patterson, R., Gardner, R. M. (2004). The Effect of a Computerized Reminder System on the Prevention of Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism. Chest 125: 1635-1641 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kelley, M. A., Angus, D., Chalfin, D. B., Crandall, E. D., Ingbar, D., Johanson, W., Medina, J., Sessler, C. N., Vender, J. S. (2004). The Critical Care Crisis in the United States: A Report From the Profession. Chest 125: 1514-1517 [Full Text]  
• Bravata, D. M., McDonald, K. M., Szeto, H., Smith, W. M., Rydzak, C., Owens, D. K. (2004). A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Information Technologies and Decision Support Systems for Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response. Med Decis Making 24: 192-206 [Abstract]  
• Bell, D. S, Cretin, S., Marken, R. S, Landman, A. B (2004). A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Outpatient Electronic Prescribing Systems Based on Their Functional Capabilities. J Am Med Inform Assoc 11: 60-70 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bindels, R., Hasman, A., Derickx, M., van Wersch, J. W. J., Winkens, R. A. G. (2003). User satisfaction with a real-time automated feedback system for general practitioners: a quantitative and qualitative study. Int J Qual Health Care 15: 501-508 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Resar, R K, Rozich, J D, Classen, D (2003). Methodology and rationale for the measurement of harm with trigger tools. Qual Saf Health Care 12: ii39-45 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tamblyn, R., Huang, A., Perreault, R., Jacques, A., Roy, D., Hanley, J., McLeod, P., Laprise, R. (2003). The medical office of the 21st century (MOXXI): effectiveness of computerized decision-making support in reducing inappropriate prescribing in primary care. CMAJ 169: 549-556 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brower, R. G., Rubenfeld, G., Thompson, B. T. (2003). Meta-analysis of tidal volumes in ARDS. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 168: 255-256 [Full Text]  
• Payne, T. H, Hoey, P. J, Nichol, P., Lovis, C. (2003). Preparation and Use of Preconstructed Orders, Order Sets, and Order Menus in a Computerized Provider Order Entry System. J Am Med Inform Assoc 10: 322-329 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fraser, H. S F, Long, W. J, Naimi, S. (2003). Evaluation of a Cardiac Diagnostic Program in a Typical Clinical Setting. J Am Med Inform Assoc 10: 373-381 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kuperman, G. J., Gibson, R. F. (2003). Computer Physician Order Entry: Benefits, Costs, and Issues. ANN INTERN MED 139: 31-39 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kaushal, R., Shojania, K. G., Bates, D. W. (2003). Effects of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Clinical Decision Support Systems on Medication Safety: A Systematic Review. Arch Intern Med 163: 1409-1416 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bates, D. W., Gawande, A. A. (2003). Improving Safety with Information Technology. NEJM 348: 2526-2534 [Full Text]  
• Fortescue, E. B., Kaushal, R., Landrigan, C. P., McKenna, K. J., Clapp, M. D., Federico, F., Goldmann, D. A., Bates, D. W. (2003). Prioritizing Strategies for Preventing Medication Errors and Adverse Drug Events in Pediatric Inpatients. Pediatrics 111: 722-729 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Classen, D. (2003). Medication Safety: Moving From Illusion to Reality. JAMA 289: 1154-1156 [Full Text]  
• Maviglia, S. M, Zielstorff, R. D, Paterno, M., Teich, J. M, Bates, D. W, Kuperman, G. J (2003). Automating Complex Guidelines for Chronic Disease: Lessons Learned. J Am Med Inform Assoc 10: 154-165 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shah, A. N., Frush, K., Luo, X., Wears, R. L. (2003). Effect of an Intervention Standardization System on Pediatric Dosing and Equipment Size Determination: A Crossover Trial Involving Simulated Resuscitation Events. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 157: 229-236 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Burke, J. P. (2003). Infection Control -- A Problem for Patient Safety. NEJM 348: 651-656 [Full Text]  
• Doolan, D. F, Bates, D. W, James, B. C (2003). The Use of Computers for Clinical Care: A Case Series of Advanced U.S. Sites. J Am Med Inform Assoc 10: 94-107 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ortiz, E., Meyer, G., Burstin, H. (2002). Clinical Informatics and Patient Safety at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. J Am Med Inform Assoc 9: S2-S7 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wester, C. W., Durairaj, L., Evans, A. T., Schwartz, D. N., Husain, S., Martinez, E. (2002). Antibiotic Resistance: A Survey of Physician Perceptions. Arch Intern Med 162: 2210-2216 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gerberding, J. L. (2002). Hospital-Onset Infections: A Patient Safety Issue. ANN INTERN MED 137: 665-670 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kaushal, R, Bates, D W (2002). Information technology and medication safety: what is the benefit?. Qual Saf Health Care 11: 261-265 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Anderson, J. G, Jay, S. J, Anderson, M., Hunt, T. J (2002). Evaluating the Capability of Information Technology to Prevent Adverse Drug Events: A Computer Simulation Approach. J Am Med Inform Assoc 9: 479-490 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Patterson, E. S, Cook, R. I, Render, M. L (2002). Improving Patient Safety by Identifying Side Effects from Introducing Bar Coding in Medication Administration. J Am Med Inform Assoc 9: 540-553 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shojania, K. G., Duncan, B. W., McDonald, K. M., Wachter, R. M. (2002). Safe but Sound: Patient Safety Meets Evidence-Based Medicine. JAMA 288: 508-513 [Full Text]  
• Safdar, N., Maki, D. G. (2002). The Commonality of Risk Factors for Nosocomial Colonization and Infection with Antimicrobial-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Gram-Negative Bacilli, Clostridium difficile, and Candida. ANN INTERN MED 136: 834-844 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chastre, J., Fagon, J.-Y. (2002). Ventilator-associated Pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 165: 867-903 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Morris, A H (2002). Decision support and safety of clinical environments. Qual Saf Health Care 11: 69-75 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mandl, K. D, Lee, T. H (2002). Integrating Medical Informatics and Health Services Research: The Need for Dual Training at the Clinical Health Systems and Policy Levels. J Am Med Inform Assoc 9: 127-132 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hersh, W. R, Patterson, P. K, Kraemer, D. F, Shea, S. (2002). Telehealth: The Need for Evaluation Redux. J Am Med Inform Assoc 9: 89-91 [Full Text]  
• Chertow, G. M., Lee, J., Kuperman, G. J., Burdick, E., Horsky, J., Seger, D. L., Lee, R., Mekala, A., Song, J., Komaroff, A. L., Bates, D. W. (2001). Guided Medication Dosing for Inpatients With Renal Insufficiency. JAMA 286: 2839-2844 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Eggimann, P., Pittet, D. (2001). Infection Control in the ICU. Chest 120: 2059-2093 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mullett, C. J., Evans, R. S., Christenson, J. C., Dean, J. M. (2001). Development and Impact of a Computerized Pediatric Antiinfective Decision Support Program. Pediatrics 108: e75-75 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• James, B. C. (2001). Making It Easy to Do It Right. NEJM 345: 991-993 [Full Text]  
• Murff, H. J, Kannry, J. (2001). Physician Satisfaction with Two Order Entry Systems. J Am Med Inform Assoc 8: 499-509 [Full Text]  
• Kaushal, R., Barker, K. N., Bates, D. W. (2001). How Can Information Technology Improve Patient Safety and Reduce Medication Errors in Children's Health Care?. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 155: 1002-1007 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Knab, J. H., Wallace, M. S., Wagner, R. L., Tsoukatos, J., Weinger, M. B. (2001). The Use of a Computer-Based Decision Support System Facilitates Primary Care Physicians' Management of Chronic Pain. Anesth. Analg. 93: 712-720 [Abstract] [Full Text]