Background Aggregation of platelets is the pathophysiologicbasis of the acute coronary syndromes. Eptifibatide, a syntheticcyclic heptapeptide, is a selective high-affinity inhibitorof the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, which is involvedin platelet aggregation. We tested the hypothesis that inhibitionof platelet aggregation with eptifibatide would have an incrementalbenefit beyond that of heparin and aspirin in reducing the frequencyof adverse outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromeswho did not have persistent ST-segment elevation.
Methods Patients who had presented with ischemic chest painwithin the previous 24 hours and who had either electrocardiographicchanges indicative of ischemia (but not persistent ST-segmentelevation) or high serum concentrations of creatine kinase MBisoenzymes were enrolled in the study. They were randomly assigned,in a double-blind manner, to receive a bolus and infusion ofeither eptifibatide or placebo, in addition to standard therapy,for up to 72 hours (or up to 96 hours, if coronary interventionwas performed near the end of the 72-hour period). The primaryend point was a composite of death and nonfatal myocardial infarctionoccurring up to 30 days after the index event.
Results A total of 10,948 patients were enrolled between November1995 and January 1997. As compared with the placebo group, theeptifibatide group had a 1.5 percent absolute reduction in theincidence of the primary end point (14.2 percent, vs. 15.7 percentin the placebo group; P=0.04). The benefit was apparent by 96hours and persisted through 30 days. The effect was consistentin most major subgroups except for women (odds ratios for deathor nonfatal myocardial infarction, 0.8 [95 percent confidenceinterval, 0.7 to 0.9] in men, and 1.1 [0.9 to 1.3] in women).Bleeding was more common in the eptifibatide group, althoughthere was no increase in the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke.
Conclusions Inhibition of platelet aggregation with eptifibatidereduced the incidence of the composite end point of death ornonfatal myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronarysyndromes who did not have persistent ST-segment elevation.
Source Information
On behalf of the Steering Committee, Robert A. Harrington, M.D., assumes responsibility for the overall content of the manuscript.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Harrington at the Duke Clinical Research Institute, 2024 W. Main St., Durham, NC 27705.
Newsome, L. T., Weller, R. S., Gerancher, J. C., Kutcher, M. A., Royster, R. L.
(2008). Coronary Artery Stents: II. Perioperative Considerations and Management. Anesth. Analg.
107: 570-590
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jagroop, I. A., Mikhailidis, D. P.
(2008). The Effect of Tirofiban on Fibrinogen/Agonist-Induced Platelet Shape Change and Aggregation. CLIN APPL THROMB HEMOST
14: 295-302
[Abstract]
Lopes, R D, Pieper, K S, Horton, J R, Al-Khatib, S M, Newby, L K, Mehta, R H, Van de Werf, F, Armstrong, P W, Mahaffey, K W, Harrington, R A, Ohman, E M, White, H D, Wallentin, L, Granger, C B
(2008). Short- and long-term outcomes following atrial fibrillation in patients with acute coronary syndromes with or without ST-segment elevation. Heart
94: 867-873
[Abstract][Full Text]
Coons, J. C, Battistone, S.
(2008). 2007 Guideline Update for Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Focus on Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapies. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
42: 989-1001
[Abstract][Full Text]
Patrono, C., Baigent, C., Hirsh, J., Roth, G.
(2008). Antiplatelet Drugs: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest
133: 199S-233S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Harrington, R. A., Becker, R. C., Cannon, C. P., Gutterman, D., Lincoff, A. M., Popma, J. J., Steg, G., Guyatt, G. H., Goodman, S. G.
(2008). Antithrombotic Therapy for Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest
133: 670S-707S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ndrepepa, G., Berger, P. B., Mehilli, J., Seyfarth, M., Neumann, F.-J., Schomig, A., Kastrati, A.
(2008). Periprocedural Bleeding and 1-Year Outcome After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions Appropriateness of Including Bleeding as a Component of a Quadruple End Point.. J Am Coll Cardiol
51: 690-697
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ndrepepa, G., Kastrati, A., Mehilli, J., Neumann, F.-J., ten Berg, J., Bruskina, O., Dotzer, F., Seyfarth, M., Pache, J., Dirschinger, J., Berger, P. B., Schomig, A.
(2008). One-year clinical outcomes with abciximab vs. placebo in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention after pre-treatment with clopidogrel: results of the ISAR-REACT 2 randomized trial. Eur Heart J
29: 455-461
[Abstract][Full Text]
Granger, C. B, Vogel, V., Cummings, S. R, Held, P., Fiedorek, F., Lawrence, M., Neal, B., Reidies, H., Santarelli, L., Schroyer, R., Stockbridge, N. L, Feng Zhao,
(2008). Do we need to adjudicate major clinical events?. Clin Trials
5: 56-60
[Abstract]
Dabbous, O H, Anderson, F A Jr, Gore, J M, Eagle, K A, Fox, K A A, Mehta, R H, Goldberg, R J, Agnelli, G, Steg, P G, for the GRACE Investigators,
(2008). Outcomes with the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Heart
94: 159-165
[Abstract][Full Text]
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Asso, , 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Upda, , King, S. B. III, Smith, S. C. Jr, Hirshfeld, J. W. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Morrison, D. A., Williams, D. O.
(2008). 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 Guideline Update for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol
51: 172-209
[Full Text]
King, S. B. III, Smith, S. C. Jr, Hirshfeld, J. W. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Morrison, D. A., Williams, D. O., 2005 WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, , Smith, S. C. Jr, Feldman, T. E., Hirshfeld, J. W. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Kern, M. J., King, S. B. III, Morrison, D. A., O'Neill, W. W., Schaff, H. V., Whitlow, P. L., Williams, D. O., Smith, S. C. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Adams, C. D., Anderson, J. L., Buller, C. E., Creager, M. A., Ettinger, S. M., Halperin, J. L., Hunt, S. A., Krumholz, H. M., Kushner, F. G., Lytle, B. W., Nishimura, R., Page, R. L., Riegel, B., Tarkington, L. G., Yancy, C. W.
(2008). 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 Guideline Update for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 Guideline Update for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Writing on Behalf of the 2005 Writing Committee. Circulation
117: 261-295
[Full Text]
Oliveira, G. B. F., Crespo, E. M., Becker, R. C., Honeycutt, E. F., Abrams, C. S., Anstrom, K. J., Berger, P. B., Davidson-Ray, L. D., Eisenstein, E. L., Kleiman, N. S., Moliterno, D. J., Moll, S., Rice, L., Rodgers, J. E., Steinhubl, S. R., Tapson, V. F., Ohman, E. M., Granger, C. B., for the Complications After Thrombocytopenia Cause,
(2008). Incidence and Prognostic Significance of Thrombocytopenia in Patients Treated With Prolonged Heparin Therapy. Arch Intern Med
168: 94-102
[Abstract][Full Text]
Albert, M. A., Halevy, N., Antman, E. M.
(2008). Preoperative Evaluation for Cardiac Surgery. Card Surg Adult
3: 261-280
[Full Text]
Gitt, A. K., Betriu, A.
(2008). Antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J Suppl
10: A4-A12
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bode, C., Huber, K.
(2008). Antiplatelet therapy in percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J Suppl
10: A13-A20
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tricoci, P., Lokhnygina, Y., Berdan, L. G., Steinhubl, S. R., Gulba, D. C., White, H. D., Kleiman, N. S., Aylward, P. E., Langer, A., Califf, R. M., Ferguson, J. J., Antman, E. M., Newby, L. K., Harrington, R. A., Goodman, S. G., Mahaffey, K. W.
(2007). Time to Coronary Angiography and Outcomes Among Patients With High-Risk Non ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Results From the SYNERGY Trial. Circulation
116: 2669-2677
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wiviott, S. D., Braunwald, E., McCabe, C. H., Montalescot, G., Ruzyllo, W., Gottlieb, S., Neumann, F.-J., Ardissino, D., De Servi, S., Murphy, S. A., Riesmeyer, J., Weerakkody, G., Gibson, C. M., Antman, E. M., the TRITON-TIMI 38 Investigators,
(2007). Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes. NEJM
357: 2001-2015
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jaumdally, R. J., Varma, C., Blann, A. D., MacFadyen, R. J., Lip, G. Y. H.
(2007). Platelet Activation in Coronary Artery Disease: Intracardiac vs Peripheral Venous Levels and the Effects of Angioplasty. Chest
132: 1532-1539
[Abstract][Full Text]
Anderson, J. L., Adams, C. D., Antman, E. M., Bridges, C. R., Califf, R. M., Casey, D. E. Jr, Chavey, W. E. II, Fesmire, F. M., Hochman, J. S., Levin, T. N., Lincoff, A. M., Peterson, E. D., Theroux, P., Wenger, N. K., Wright, R. S., Smith, S. C. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Adams, C. D., Anderson, J. L., Antman, E. M., Halperin, J. L., Hunt, S. A., Krumholz, H. M., Kushner, F. G., Lytle, B. W., Nishimura, R., Ornato, J. P., Page, R. L., Riegel, B.
(2007). ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Developed in Collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol
50: e1-e157
[Full Text]
Anderson, J. L., Adams, C. D., Antman, E. M., Bridges, C. R., Califf, R. M., Casey, D. E. Jr, Chavey, W. E. II, Fesmire, F. M., Hochman, J. S., Levin, T. N., Lincoff, A. M., Peterson, E. D., Theroux, P., Wenger, N. K., Wright, R. S., Smith, S. C. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Adams, C. D., Anderson, J. L., Antman, E. M., Halperin, J. L., Hunt, S. A., Krumholz, H. M., Kushner, F. G., Lytle, B. W., Nishimura, R., Ornato, J. P., Page, R. L., Riegel, B.
(2007). ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Developed in Collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol
50: 652-726
[Full Text]
Authors/Task Force Members, , Bassand, J.-P., Hamm, C. W., Ardissino, D., Boersma, E., Budaj, A., Fernandez-Aviles, F., Fox, K. A.A., Hasdai, D., Ohman, E. M., Wallentin, L., Wijns, W., ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), , Vahanian, A., Camm, J., De Caterina, R., Dean, V., Dickstein, K., Filippatos, G., Kristensen, S. D., Widimsky, P., McGregor, K., Sechtem, U., Tendera, M., Hellemans, I., Gomez, J. L. Z., Silber, S., Funck-Brentano, C., Document Reviewers, , Kristensen, S. D., Andreotti, F., Benzer, W., Bertrand, M., Betriu, A., De Caterina, R., DeSutter, J., Falk, V., Ortiz, A. F., Gitt, A., Hasin, Y., Huber, K., Kornowski, R., Lopez-Sendon, J., Morais, J., Nordrehaug, J. E., Silber, S., Steg, P. G., Thygesen, K., Tubaro, M., Turpie, A. G.G., Verheugt, F., Windecker, S.
(2007). Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J
28: 1598-1660
[Full Text]
Mahmud, E., Cavendish, J. J., Tsimikas, S., Ang, L., Nguyen, C., Bromberg-Marin, G., Schnyder, G., Keramati, S., Palakodeti, V., Penny, W. F., DeMaria, A. N.
(2007). Elevated Plasma Fibrinogen Level Predicts Suboptimal Response to Therapy With Both Single- and Double-Bolus Eptifibatide During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol
49: 2163-2171
[Abstract][Full Text]
Spinler, S. A.
(2007). Managing acute coronary syndrome: Evidence-based approaches. Am J Health Syst Pharm
64: S14-S24
[Abstract][Full Text]
Alexander, K. P., Newby, L. K., Cannon, C. P., Armstrong, P. W., Gibler, W. B., Rich, M. W., Van de Werf, F., White, H. D., Weaver, W. D., Naylor, M. D., Gore, J. M., Krumholz, H. M., Ohman, E. M.
(2007). Acute Coronary Care in the Elderly, Part I: Non-ST-Segment-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology: In Collaboration With the Society of Geriatric Cardiology. Circulation
115: 2549-2569
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rao, S. V., Eikelboom, J. A., Granger, C. B., Harrington, R. A., Califf, R. M., Bassand, J.-P.
(2007). Bleeding and blood transfusion issues in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J
28: 1193-1204
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bagwe, S., Sachdeva, R., Mehta, J. L.
(2007). High-risk acute coronary syndrome patient and cardiac biomarkers in the emergency department: where do we stand?. Eur Heart J
28: 1043-1044
[Full Text]
Hernandez, A. V, Westerhout, C. M, Steyerberg, E. W, Ioannidis, J. P A, Bueno, H., White, H., Theroux, P., Moliterno, D. J, Armstrong, P. W, Califf, R. M, Wallentin, L. C, Simoons, M. L, Boersma, E.
(2007). Effects of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: benefit and harm in different age subgroups. Heart
93: 450-455
[Abstract][Full Text]
Manoukian, S. V., Feit, F., Mehran, R., Voeltz, M. D., Ebrahimi, R., Hamon, M., Dangas, G. D., Lincoff, A. M., White, H. D., Moses, J. W., King, S. B. III, Ohman, E. M., Stone, G. W.
(2007). Impact of Major Bleeding on 30-Day Mortality and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: An Analysis From the ACUITY Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol
49: 1362-1368
[Abstract][Full Text]
Stone, G. W., Bertrand, M. E., Moses, J. W., Ohman, E. M., Lincoff, A. M., Ware, J. H., Pocock, S. J., McLaurin, B. T., Cox, D. A., Jafar, M. Z., Chandna, H., Hartmann, F., Leisch, F., Strasser, R. H., Desaga, M., Stuckey, T. D., Zelman, R. B., Lieber, I. H., Cohen, D. J., Mehran, R., White, H. D., for the ACUITY Investigators,
(2007). Routine Upstream Initiation vs Deferred Selective Use of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors in Acute Coronary Syndromes: The ACUITY Timing Trial. JAMA
297: 591-602
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mahaffey, K. W., Roe, M. T., Kilaru, R., Alexander, J. H., Van de Werf, F., Califf, R. M., Simoons, M. L., Topol, E. J., Harrington, R. A.
(2007). Creatine kinase-MB elevation after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes predict worse outcomes: results from four large clinical trials. Eur Heart J
28: 425-432
[Abstract][Full Text]
Antoniucci, D.
(2007). Differences among GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors: different clinical benefits in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome percutaneous coronary intervention patients. Eur Heart J Suppl
9: A32-A36
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dzau, V. J., Antman, E. M., Black, H. R., Hayes, D. L., Manson, J. E., Plutzky, J., Popma, J. J., Stevenson, W.
(2006). The Cardiovascular Disease Continuum Validated: Clinical Evidence of Improved Patient Outcomes: Part II: Clinical Trial Evidence (Acute Coronary Syndromes Through Renal Disease) and Future Directions. Circulation
114: 2871-2891
[Full Text]
Westerhout, C. M., Hernandez, A. V., Steyerberg, E. W., Bueno, H., White, H., Theroux, P., Moliterno, D. J., Armstrong, P. W., Califf, R. M., Wallentin, L. C., Simoons, M. L., Boersma, E.
(2006). Predictors of stroke within 30 days in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J
27: 2956-2961
[Abstract][Full Text]
Stone, G. W., McLaurin, B. T., Cox, D. A., Bertrand, M. E., Lincoff, A. M., Moses, J. W., White, H. D., Pocock, S. J., Ware, J. H., Feit, F., Colombo, A., Aylward, P. E., Cequier, A. R., Darius, H., Desmet, W., Ebrahimi, R., Hamon, M., Rasmussen, L. H., Rupprecht, H.-J., Hoekstra, J., Mehran, R., Ohman, E. M., the ACUITY Investigators,
(2006). Bivalirudin for Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes.. NEJM
355: 2203-2216
[Abstract][Full Text]
Calvin, J. E., Roe, M. T., Chen, A. Y., Mehta, R. H., Brogan, G. X. Jr., DeLong, E. R., Fintel, D. J., Gibler, W. B., Ohman, E. M., Smith, S. C. Jr., Peterson, E. D.
(2006). Insurance Coverage and Care of Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes.. ANN INTERN MED
145: 739-748
[Abstract][Full Text]
Montalescot, G.
(2006). Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors in the Elderly: Fear of Age or Age of Fear?. Circulation
114: 2004-2006
[Full Text]
Deliargyris, E. N., Upadhya, B., Melton, L. G., Thompson, C., Fisher, M., Gabriel, D. A., Dehmer, G. J., Sane, D. C.
(2006). Unfractionated Heparin Reduces the Anti-Platelet Effects of Abciximab but not Eptifibatide During PCI.. CLIN APPL THROMB HEMOST
12: 458-464
[Abstract]
Bertrand, M. E., Van Belle, E.
(2006). Triple antiplatelet treatment in patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J Suppl
8: G59-G63
[Abstract][Full Text]
Alexander, K. P., Chen, A. Y., Newby, L. K., Schwartz, J. B., Redberg, R. F., Hochman, J. S., Roe, M. T., Gibler, W. B., Ohman, E. M., Peterson, E. D., for the CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of,
(2006). Sex Differences in Major Bleeding With Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors: Results From the CRUSADE (Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines) Initiative. Circulation
114: 1380-1387
[Abstract][Full Text]
Coca, S. G., Krumholz, H. M., Garg, A. X., Parikh, C. R.
(2006). Underrepresentation of renal disease in randomized controlled trials of cardiovascular disease.. JAMA
296: 1377-1384
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lewis, G. D., Witzke, C., Colon-Hernandez, P., Guerrero, J. L., Bloch, K. D., Semigran, M. J.
(2006). Sildenafil Improves Coronary Artery Patency in a Canine Model of Platelet-Mediated Cyclic Coronary Occlusion After Thrombolysis. J Am Coll Cardiol
47: 1471-1477
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rao, S. V., O'Grady, K., Pieper, K. S., Granger, C. B., Newby, L. K., Mahaffey, K. W., Moliterno, D. J., Lincoff, A. M., Armstrong, P. W., Van de Werf, F., Califf, R. M., Harrington, R. A.
(2006). A Comparison of the Clinical Impact of Bleeding Measured by Two Different Classifications Among Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol
47: 809-816
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ben-Yehuda, O.
(2006). Upstream/Downstream: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol
47: 538-540
[Full Text]
Glaser, R., Glick, H. A., Herrmann, H. C., Kimmel, S. E.
(2006). The Role of Risk Stratification in the Decision to Provide Upstream Versus Selective Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors for Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol
47: 529-537
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chiara, A. D., Fresco, C., Savonitto, S., Greco, C., Lucci, D., Gonzini, L., Mafrici, A., Ottani, F., Bolognese, L., De Servi, S., Boccanelli, A., Maggioni, A. P., Chiarella, F., on behalf of the BLITZ-2 Investigators,
(2006). Epidemiology of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes in the Italian cardiology network: the BLITZ-2 study. Eur Heart J
27: 393-405
[Abstract][Full Text]
Soiza, R.L., Leslie, S.J., Williamson, P., Wai, S., Harrild, K., Peden, N.R., Hargreaves, A.D.
(2006). Risk stratification in acute coronary syndromes--does the TIMI risk score work in unselected cases?. QJM
99: 81-87
[Abstract][Full Text]
Alexander, K. P., Chen, A. Y., Roe, M. T., Newby, L. K., Gibson, C. M., Allen-LaPointe, N. M., Pollack, C., Gibler, W. B., Ohman, E. M., Peterson, E. D., for the CRUSADE Investigators,
(2005). Excess Dosing of Antiplatelet and Antithrombin Agents in the Treatment of Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes. JAMA
294: 3108-3116
[Abstract][Full Text]
(2005). Part 8: Stabilization of the Patient With Acute Coronary Syndromes. Circulation
112: IV-89-IV-110
[Full Text]
Mahaffey, K. W., Cohen, M., Garg, J., Antman, E., Kleiman, N. S., Goodman, S. G., Berdan, L. G., Reist, C. J., Langer, A., White, H. D., Aylward, P. E., Col, J. J., Ferguson, J. J. III, Califf, R. M., for the SYNERGY Trial Investigators,
(2005). High-Risk Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Treated With Low-Molecular-Weight or Unfractionated Heparin: Outcomes at 6 Months and 1 Year in the SYNERGY Trial. JAMA
294: 2594-2600
[Abstract][Full Text]
Alexander, K. P., Roe, M. T., Chen, A. Y., Lytle, B. L., Pollack, C. V. Jr, Foody, J. M., Boden, W. E., Smith, S. C. Jr, Gibler, W. B., Ohman, E. M., Peterson, E. D., for the CRUSADE Investigators,
(2005). Evolution in Cardiovascular Care for Elderly Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Results From the CRUSADE National Quality Improvement Initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol
46: 1479-1487
[Abstract][Full Text]
Elsasser, A., Hamm, C. W.
(2005). Percutaneous coronary intervention guidelines: new aspects for the interventional treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J Suppl
7: K5-K9
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cavallini, C., Chirillo, F.
(2005). Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes management: a fresh look at glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Eur Heart J Suppl
7: K10-K14
[Abstract][Full Text]
Coons, J. C, Seybert, A. L, Saul, M. I, Kirisci, L., Kane-Gill, S. L
(2005). Outcomes and Costs of Abciximab Versus Eptifibatide for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
39: 1621-1626
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tong, K. L., Kaul, S., Wang, X.-Q., Rinkevich, D., Kalvaitis, S., Belcik, T., Lepper, W., Foster, W. A., Wei, K.
(2005). Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography Versus Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Score in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Chest Pain and a Nondiagnostic Electrocardiogram. J Am Coll Cardiol
46: 920-927
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cannon, C. P., Mehta, S. R., Aranki, S. F.
(2005). Balancing the Benefit and Risk of Oral Antiplatelet Agents in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
80: 768-779
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mehta, S. R., Cannon, C. P., Fox, K. A. A., Wallentin, L., Boden, W. E., Spacek, R., Widimsky, P., McCullough, P. A., Hunt, D., Braunwald, E., Yusuf, S.
(2005). Routine vs Selective Invasive Strategies in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Collaborative Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. JAMA
293: 2908-2917
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gibler, W. B., Cannon, C. P., Blomkalns, A. L., Char, D. M., Drew, B. J., Hollander, J. E., Jaffe, A. S., Jesse, R. L., Newby, L. K., Ohman, E. M., Peterson, E. D., Pollack, C. V.
(2005). Practical Implementation of the Guidelines for Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the Emergency Department: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Acute Cardiac Care), Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, and Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group, in Collaboration With the Society of Chest Pain Centers. Circulation
111: 2699-2710
[Abstract][Full Text]
Roden, D. M., Temple, R.
(2005). The US Food and Drug Administration Cardiorenal Advisory Panel and the Drug Approval Process. Circulation
111: 1697-1702
[Full Text]
Authors/Task Force Members, , Silber, S., Albertsson, P., Aviles, F. F., Camici, P. G., Colombo, A., Hamm, C., Jorgensen, E., Marco, J., Nordrehaug, J.-E., Ruzyllo, W., Urban, P., Stone, G. W., Wijns, W.
(2005). Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: The Task Force for Percutaneous Coronary Interventions of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J
26: 804-847
[Full Text]
Villeneuve, E., Sunderji, R.
(2005). Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
39: 732-735
[Abstract][Full Text]
Blomkalns, A. L., Chen, A. Y., Hochman, J. S., Peterson, E. D., Trynosky, K., Diercks, D. B., Brogan, G. X. Jr, Boden, W. E., Roe, M. T., Ohman, E. M., Gibler, W. B., Newby, L. K., CRUSADE Investigators,
(2005). Gender disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: Large-scale observations from the CRUSADE (Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines) National Quality Improvement Initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol
45: 832-837
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sonel, A. F., Good, C. B., Mulgund, J., Roe, M. T., Gibler, W. B., Smith, S. C. Jr, Cohen, M. G., Pollack, C. V. Jr, Ohman, E. M., Peterson, E. D., for the CRUSADE Investigators,
(2005). Racial Variations in Treatment and Outcomes of Black and White Patients With High-Risk Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Insights From CRUSADE (Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines?). Circulation
111: 1225-1232
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lansky, A. J., Hochman, J. S., Ward, P. A., Mintz, G. S., Fabunmi, R., Berger, P. B., New, G., Grines, C. L., Pietras, C. G., Kern, M. J., Ferrell, M., Leon, M. B., Mehran, R., White, C., Mieres, J. H., Moses, J. W., Stone, G. W., Jacobs, A. K., Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Fou,
(2005). Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Adjunctive Pharmacotherapy in Women: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association. Circulation
111: 940-953
[Abstract][Full Text]
Matthai, W. H. Jr
(2005). Thrombocytopenia in Cardiovascular Patients: Diagnosis and Management. Chest
127: 46S-52S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Aster, R. H.
(2005). Immune Thrombocytopenia Caused by Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors. Chest
127: 53S-59S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Coons, J. C, Barcelona, R. A, Freedy, T., Hagerty, M. F
(2005). Eptifibatide-Associated Acute, Profound Thrombocytopenia. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
39: 368-372
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gluckman, T. J., Sachdev, M., Schulman, S. P., Blumenthal, R. S.
(2005). A Simplified Approach to the Management of Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes. JAMA
293: 349-357
[Abstract][Full Text]
Labinaz, M., Mathias, J., Pieper, K., Granger, C. B., Lincoff, A. M., Moliterno, D. J., Van de Werf, F., Simes, J., White, H. D., Simoons, M. L., Califf, R. M., Topol, E. J., Armstrong, P. W., Harrington, R. A.
(2005). Outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes and prior percutaneous coronary intervention: a pooled analysis of three randomized clinical trials. Eur Heart J
26: 128-136
[Abstract][Full Text]
Plein, S., Greenwood, J. P., Ridgway, J. P., Cranny, G., Ball, S. G., Sivananthan, M. U.
(2004). Assessment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol
44: 2173-2181
[Abstract][Full Text]
Armstrong, P. W., Newby, L. K., Granger, C. B., Lee, K. L., Simes, R. J., Van de Werf, F., White, H. D., Califf, R. M., for the Virtual Coordinating Centre for Global Col,
(2004). Lessons Learned From a Clinical Trial. Circulation
110: 3610-3614
[Full Text]
Bhatt, D. L., Roe, M. T., Peterson, E. D., Li, Y., Chen, A. Y., Harrington, R. A., Greenbaum, A. B., Berger, P. B., Cannon, C. P., Cohen, D. J., Gibson, C. M., Saucedo, J. F., Kleiman, N. S., Hochman, J. S., Boden, W. E., Brindis, R. G., Peacock, W. F., Smith,, S. C. Jr, Pollack,, C. V. Jr, Gibler, W. B., Ohman, E. M., for the CRUSADE Investigators,
(2004). Utilization of Early Invasive Management Strategies for High-Risk Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Results From the CRUSADE Quality Improvement Initiative. JAMA
292: 2096-2104
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ali, A., Hashem, M., Rosman, H. S., Moser, L., Rehan, A., Davis, T., Romanelli, M., LaLonde, T., Yamasaki, H., Barbish, B., Michael, J., Ali, S. A., Schreiber, T. L., Gardin, J. M.
(2004). Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Antagonists and Risk of Bleeding: A Single-Center Experience in 1020 Patients. J Clin Pharmacol
44: 1328-1332
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rao, S. V., Jollis, J. G., Harrington, R. A., Granger, C. B., Newby, L. K., Armstrong, P. W., Moliterno, D. J., Lindblad, L., Pieper, K., Topol, E. J., Stamler, J. S., Califf, R. M.
(2004). Relationship of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes. JAMA
292: 1555-1562
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hebert, P. C., Fergusson, D. A.
(2004). Do Transfusions Get to the Heart of the Matter?. JAMA
292: 1610-1612
[Full Text]
Wiggins, B. S., Spinler, S.
(2004). Antiplatelet and Antithrombin Therapy for Early Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes. Journal of Pharmacy Practice
17: 347-369
[Abstract]
Wasserfallen, J.-B., Berger, A., Eckert, P., Stauffer, J.-C., Schlaepfer, J., Gillis, D., Cornuz, J., Schaller, M.-D., Kappenberger, L., Yersin, B.
(2004). Impact of medical practice guidelines on the assessment of patients with acute coronary syndrome without persistent ST segment elevation. Int J Qual Health Care
16: 383-389
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fox, K. A.A., Mehta, S. R., Peters, R., Zhao, F., Lakkis, N., Gersh, B. J., Yusuf, S.
(2004). Benefits and Risks of the Combination of Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Patients Undergoing Surgical Revascularization for Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent ischemic Events (CURE) Trial. Circulation
110: 1202-1208
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ottervanger, J.P., Armstrong, P., Barnathan, E.S., Boersma, E., Cooper, J.S., Ohman, E.M., James, S., Wallentin, L., Simoons, M.L., For the GUSTO IV-ACS Investigators,
(2004). Association of revascularisation with low mortality in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome, a report from GUSTO IV-ACS. Eur Heart J
25: 1494-1501
[Abstract][Full Text]
Patrono, C., Coller, B., FitzGerald, G. A., Hirsh, J., Roth, G.
(2004). Platelet-Active Drugs: The Relationships Among Dose, Effectiveness, and Side Effects: The Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest
126: 234S-264S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Previous
