Background Sleep-disordered breathing is prevalent in the generalpopulation and has been linked to chronically elevated bloodpressure in cross-sectional epidemiologic studies. We performeda prospective, population-based study of the association betweenobjectively measured sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension(defined as a laboratory-measured blood pressure of at least140/90 mm Hg or the use of antihypertensive medications).
Methods We analyzed data on sleep-disordered breathing, bloodpressure, habitus, and health history at base line and afterfour years of follow-up in 709 participants of the WisconsinSleep Cohort Study (and after eight years of follow-up in thecase of 184 of these participants). Participants were assessedovernight by 18-channel polysomnography for sleep-disorderedbreathing, as defined by the apnea–hypopnea index (thenumber of episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour of sleep).The odds ratios for the presence of hypertension at the four-yearfollow-up study according to the apnea–hypopnea indexat base line were estimated after adjustment for base-line hypertensionstatus, body-mass index, neck and waist circumference, age,sex, and weekly use of alcohol and cigarettes.
Results Relative to the reference category of an apnea–hypopneaindex of 0 events per hour at base line, the odds ratios forthe presence of hypertension at follow-up were 1.42 (95 percentconfidence interval, 1.13 to 1.78) with an apnea–hypopneaindex of 0.1 to 4.9 events per hour at base line as comparedwith none, 2.03 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.29 to 3.17)with an apnea–hypopnea index of 5.0 to 14.9 events perhour, and 2.89 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.46 to 5.64)with an apnea–hypopnea index of 15.0 or more events perhour.
Conclusions We found a dose–response association betweensleep-disordered breathing at base line and the presence ofhypertension four years later that was independent of knownconfounding factors. The findings suggest that sleep-disorderedbreathing is likely to be a risk factor for hypertension andconsequent cardiovascular morbidity in the general population.
Source Information
From the Departments of Preventive Medicine (P.E.P., T.Y., M.P.), Medicine (J.S.), and Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (M.P.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Peppard at the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 502 N. Walnut St., Madison, WI 53705, or at ppeppard{at}facstaff.wisc.edu.
Torii, S., Kobayashi, K., Takahashi, M., Katahira, K., Goryo, K., Matsushita, N., Yasumoto, K.-i., Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., Sogawa, K.
(2009). Magnesium Deficiency Causes Loss of Response to Intermittent Hypoxia in Paraganglion Cells. J. Biol. Chem.
284: 19077-19089
[Abstract][Full Text]
Levy, P., Bonsignore, M. R., Eckel, J.
(2009). Sleep, sleep-disordered breathing and metabolic consequences. Eur Respir J
34: 243-260
[Abstract][Full Text]
Morgan, B. J.
(2009). Intermittent hypoxia: keeping it real. J. Appl. Physiol.
107: 1-3
[Full Text]
Tamisier, R., Gilmartin, G. S., Launois, S. H., Pepin, J. L., Nespoulet, H., Thomas, R., Levy, P., Weiss, J. W.
(2009). A new model of chronic intermittent hypoxia in humans: effect on ventilation, sleep, and blood pressure. J. Appl. Physiol.
107: 17-24
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lee, E. J., Woodske, M. E., Zou, B., O'Donnell, C. P.
(2009). Dynamic arterial blood gas analysis in conscious, unrestrained C57BL/6J mice during exposure to intermittent hypoxia. J. Appl. Physiol.
107: 290-294
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ryan, S, Taylor, C T, McNicholas, W T
(2009). Systemic inflammation: a key factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome?. Thorax
64: 631-636
[Abstract][Full Text]
McConnell, K., Somers, V. K., Kimball, T., Daniels, S., VanDyke, R., Fenchel, M., Cohen, A., Willging, P., Shamsuzzaman, A., Amin, R.
(2009). Baroreflex Gain in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
180: 42-48
[Abstract][Full Text]
Foster, G. E., Brugniaux, J. V., Pialoux, V., Duggan, C. T. C., Hanly, P. J., Ahmed, S. B., Poulin, M. J.
(2009). Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to acute hypoxia following exposure to intermittent hypoxia in healthy humans. J. Physiol.
587: 3287-3299
[Abstract][Full Text]
Logan, A.
(2009). Sleep-disordered Breathing and Hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
179: 1082-1083
[Full Text]
O'Connor, G. T., Caffo, B., Newman, A. B., Quan, S. F., Rapoport, D. M., Redline, S., Resnick, H. E., Samet, J., Shahar, E.
(2009). Prospective Study of Sleep-disordered Breathing and Hypertension: The Sleep Heart Health Study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
179: 1159-1164
[Abstract][Full Text]
Knutson, K. L., Van Cauter, E., Rathouz, P. J., Yan, L. L., Hulley, S. B., Liu, K., Lauderdale, D. S.
(2009). Association Between Sleep and Blood Pressure in Midlife: The CARDIA Sleep Study. Arch Intern Med
169: 1055-1061
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lee, C.-H., Khoo, S.-M., Tai, B.-C., Chong, E. Y., Lau, C., Than, Y., Shi, D.-X., Lee, L.-C., Kailasam, A., Low, A. F., Teo, S.-G., Tan, H.-C.
(2009). Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients Admitted for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Prevalence, Predictors, and Effect on Microvascular Perfusion. Chest
135: 1488-1495
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nisbet, R. E., Graves, A. S., Kleinhenz, D. J., Rupnow, H. L., Reed, A. L., Fan, T.-H. M., Mitchell, P. O., Sutliff, R. L., Hart, C. M.
(2009). The Role of NADPH Oxidase in Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.
40: 601-609
[Abstract][Full Text]
Belaidi, E., Joyeux-Faure, M., Ribuot, C., Launois, S. H., Levy, P., Godin-Ribuot, D.
(2009). Major role for hypoxia inducible factor-1 and the endothelin system in promoting myocardial infarction and hypertension in an animal model of obstructive sleep apnea.. J Am Coll Cardiol
53: 1309-1317
[Abstract][Full Text]
Solak, O., Fidan, F., Dundar, U., Turel, A., Aycicek, A., Kavuncu, V., Unlu, M.
(2009). The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis patients. Rheumatology (Oxford)
48: 433-435
[Abstract][Full Text]
Heusser, K., Dzamonja, G., Tank, J., Palada, I., Valic, Z., Bakovic, D., Obad, A., Ivancev, V., Breskovic, T., Diedrich, A., Joyner, M. J., Luft, F. C., Jordan, J., Dujic, Z.
(2009). Cardiovascular Regulation During Apnea in Elite Divers. Hypertension
53: 719-724
[Abstract][Full Text]
Antic, N. A., Buchan, C., Esterman, A., Hensley, M., Naughton, M. T., Rowland, S., Williamson, B., Windler, S., Eckermann, S., McEvoy, R. D.
(2009). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Nurse-led Care for Symptomatic Moderate-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
179: 501-508
[Abstract][Full Text]
Riha, R. L., Gislasson, T., Diefenbach, K.
(2009). The phenotype and genotype of adult obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome. Eur Respir J
33: 646-655
[Abstract][Full Text]
Champagne, K., Schwartzman, K., Opatrny, L., Barriga, P., Morin, L., Mallozzi, A., Benjamin, A., Kimoff, R. J.
(2009). Obstructive sleep apnoea and its association with gestational hypertension. Eur Respir J
33: 559-565
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tuomilehto, H. P. I., Seppa, J. M., Partinen, M. M., Peltonen, M., Gylling, H., Tuomilehto, J. O. I., Vanninen, E. J., Kokkarinen, J., Sahlman, J. K., Martikainen, T., Soini, E. J. O., Randell, J., Tukiainen, H., Uusitupa, M., on behalf of the Kuopio Sleep Apnea Group,
(2009). Lifestyle Intervention with Weight Reduction: First-line Treatment in Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
179: 320-327
[Abstract][Full Text]
Endeshaw, Y. W., White, W. B., Kutner, M., Ouslander, J. G., Bliwise, D. L.
(2009). Sleep-Disordered Breathing and 24-Hour Blood Pressure Pattern Among Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
0: gln011v1-gln011
[Abstract][Full Text]
Berger, G., Berger, R., Oksenberg, A.
(2009). Progression of snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea: the role of increasing weight and time. Eur Respir J
33: 338-345
[Abstract][Full Text]
Savransky, V., Reinke, C., Jun, J., Bevans-Fonti, S., Nanayakkara, A., Li, J., Myers, A. C., Torbenson, M. S., Polotsky, V. Y.
(2009). Chronic intermittent hypoxia and acetaminophen induce synergistic liver injury in mice. Exp Physiol
94: 228-239
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nanduri, J., Wang, N., Yuan, G., Khan, S. A., Souvannakitti, D., Peng, Y.-J., Kumar, G. K., Garcia, J. A., Prabhakar, N. R.
(2009). Intermittent hypoxia degrades HIF-2{alpha} via calpains resulting in oxidative stress: Implications for recurrent apnea-induced morbidities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
106: 1199-1204
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kuhlmann, U., Bormann, F. G., Becker, H. F.
(2009). Obstructive sleep apnoea: clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment. Nephrol Dial Transplant
24: 8-14
[Full Text]
Szyszko, A., Franceschini, C., Gonzalez-Zuelgaray, J.
(2009). Reliability of a Holter-based methodology for evaluation of sleep apnoea syndrome. Europace
11: 94-99
[Abstract][Full Text]
Floras, J. S.
(2009). Hypertension, Sleep Apnea, and Atherosclerosis. Hypertension
53: 1-3
[Full Text]
Douglas, R. M., Haddad, G. G.
(2008). Can O2 Dysregulation Induce Premature Aging?. Physiology
23: 333-349
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sivertsen, B., Overland, S., Glozier, N., Bjorvatn, B., Maeland, J. G., Mykletun, A.
(2008). The effect of OSAS on sick leave and work disability. Eur Respir J
32: 1497-1503
[Abstract][Full Text]
Canales, M. T., Lui, L.-Y., Taylor, B. C., Ishani, A., Mehra, R., Stone, K. L., Redline, S., Ensrud, K. E., for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study,
(2008). Renal function and sleep-disordered breathing in older men. Nephrol Dial Transplant
23: 3908-3914
[Abstract][Full Text]
Urbano, F., Roux, F., Schindler, J., Mohsenin, V.
(2008). Impaired cerebral autoregulation in obstructive sleep apnea. J. Appl. Physiol.
105: 1852-1857
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lopez-Barneo, J., Ortega-Saenz, P., Pardal, R., Pascual, A., Piruat, J. I.
(2008). Carotid body oxygen sensing. Eur Respir J
32: 1386-1398
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lorenzi-Filho, G., Drager, L. F.
(2008). Is the Cardiovascular System the Primary Target of Obstructive Sleep Apnea?. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
178: 892-893
[Full Text]
Svensson, M., Franklin, K. A., Theorell-Haglow, J., Lindberg, E.
(2008). Daytime Sleepiness Relates to Snoring Independent of the Apnea-Hypopnea Index in Women From the General Population. Chest
134: 919-924
[Abstract][Full Text]
Waller, E. A., Bendel, R. E., Kaplan, J.
(2008). Sleep Disorders and the Eye. Mayo Clin Proc.
83: 1251-1261
[Abstract][Full Text]
McGuire, M., Tartar, J. L., Cao, Y., McCarley, R. W., White, D. P., Strecker, R. E., Ling, L.
(2008). Sleep fragmentation impairs ventilatory long-term facilitation via adenosine A1 receptors. J. Physiol.
586: 5215-5229
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bixler, E. O., Vgontzas, A. N., Lin, H.-M., Liao, D., Calhoun, S., Fedok, F., Vlasic, V., Graff, G.
(2008). Blood Pressure Associated With Sleep-Disordered Breathing in a Population Sample of Children. Hypertension
52: 841-846
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sanchez-Armengol, A., Ruiz-Garcia, A., Carmona-Bernal, C., Botebol-Benhamou, G., Garcia-Diaz, E., Polo-Padillo, J., Lopez-Campos, J. L., Capote, F.
(2008). Clinical and polygraphic evolution of sleep-related breathing disorders in adolescents. Eur Respir J
32: 1016-1022
[Abstract][Full Text]
Liu, A., Pichard, L., Schneider, H., Patil, S. P., Smith, P. L., Polotsky, V., Schwartz, A. R.
(2008). Neuromechanical control of the isolated upper airway of mice. J. Appl. Physiol.
105: 1237-1245
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dorkova, Z., Petrasova, D., Molcanyiova, A., Popovnakova, M., Tkacova, R.
(2008). Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Patients With Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Syndrome. Chest
134: 686-692
[Abstract][Full Text]
Malhotra, A, Hillman, D
(2008). Obesity and the lung: 3 {middle dot} Obesity, respiration and intensive care. Thorax
63: 925-931
[Abstract][Full Text]
Somers, V. K., White, D. P., Amin, R., Abraham, W. T., Costa, F., Culebras, A., Daniels, S., Floras, J. S., Hunt, C. E., Olson, L. J., Pickering, T. G., Russell, R., Woo, M., Young, T.
(2008). Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: An American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing In Collaboration With the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (National Institutes of Health). Circulation
118: 1080-1111
[Full Text]
Vanhecke, T. E., Franklin, B. A., Zalesin, K. C., Sangal, R. B., deJong, A. T., Agrawal, V., McCullough, P. A.
(2008). Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Morbidly Obese Patients. Chest
134: 539-545
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chung, F., Yegneswaran, B., Herrera, F., Shenderey, A., Shapiro, C. M.
(2008). Patients with Difficult Intubation May Need Referral to Sleep Clinics. Anesth. Analg.
107: 915-920
[Abstract][Full Text]
Li, A M, Au, C T, Sung, R Y T, Ho, C, Ng, P C, Fok, T F, Wing, Y K
(2008). Ambulatory blood pressure in children with obstructive sleep apnoea: a community based study. Thorax
63: 803-809
[Abstract][Full Text]
Simantirakis, E. N., Schiza, S. E., Siafakas, N. S., Vardas, P. E.
(2008). Sleep-disordered breathing in heart failure and the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace
10: 1029-1033
[Abstract][Full Text]
Valham, F., Mooe, T., Rabben, T., Stenlund, H., Wiklund, U., Franklin, K. A.
(2008). Increased Risk of Stroke in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Sleep Apnea: A 10-Year Follow-Up. Circulation
118: 955-960
[Abstract][Full Text]
Somers, V. K., White, D. P., Amin, R., Abraham, W. T., Costa, F., Culebras, A., Daniels, S., Floras, J. S., Hunt, C. E., Olson, L. J., Pickering, T. G., Russell, R., Woo, M., Young, T.
(2008). Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: An American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing In Collaboration With the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (National Institutes of Health). J Am Coll Cardiol
52: 686-717
[Full Text]
Carneiro, G., Togeiro, S. M., Hayashi, L. F., Ribeiro-Filho, F. F., Ribeiro, A. B., Tufik, S., Zanella, M. T.
(2008). Effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and 24-h blood pressure profile in obese men with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.
295: E380-E384
[Abstract][Full Text]
Phillips, C. L., Yee, B., Yang, Q., Villaneuva, A. T., Hedner, J., Berend, N., Grunstein, R.
(2008). Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment and Withdrawal in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Arterial Stiffness and Central BP. Chest
134: 94-100
[Abstract][Full Text]
Calhoun, D. A., Jones, D., Textor, S., Goff, D. C., Murphy, T. P., Toto, R. D., White, A., Cushman, W. C., White, W., Sica, D., Ferdinand, K., Giles, T. D., Falkner, B., Carey, R. M.
(2008). Resistant Hypertension: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation
117: e510-e526
[Abstract][Full Text]
Serebrovskaya, T. V., Manukhina, E. B., Smith, M. L., Downey, H. F., Mallet, R. T.
(2008). Intermittent Hypoxia: Cause of or Therapy for Systemic Hypertension?. Exp. Biol. Med.
233: 627-650
[Abstract][Full Text]
Baranchuk, A., Simpson, C. S., Redfearn, D. P., Fitzpatrick, M.
(2008). It's time to wake up!: sleep apnea and cardiac arrhythmias. Europace
10: 666-667
[Full Text]
Calhoun, D. A., Jones, D., Textor, S., Goff, D. C., Murphy, T. P., Toto, R. D., White, A., Cushman, W. C., White, W., Sica, D., Ferdinand, K., Giles, T. D., Falkner, B., Carey, R. M.
(2008). Resistant Hypertension: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension
51: 1403-1419
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chami, H. A., Devereux, R. B., Gottdiener, J. S., Mehra, R., Roman, M. J., Benjamin, E. J., Gottlieb, D. J.
(2008). Left Ventricular Morphology and Systolic Function in Sleep-Disordered Breathing: The Sleep Heart Health Study. Circulation
117: 2599-2607
[Abstract][Full Text]
Punjabi, N. M., Newman, A. B., Young, T. B., Resnick, H. E., Sanders, M. H.
(2008). Sleep-disordered Breathing and Cardiovascular Disease: An Outcome-based Definition of Hypopneas. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
177: 1150-1155
[Abstract][Full Text]
Williams, B.
(2008). The Year in Hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol
51: 1803-1817
[Full Text]
Jelic, S., Padeletti, M., Kawut, S. M., Higgins, C., Canfield, S. M., Onat, D., Colombo, P. C., Basner, R. C., Factor, P., LeJemtel, T. H.
(2008). Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Repair Capacity of the Vascular Endothelium in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Circulation
117: 2270-2278
[Abstract][Full Text]
van Haute, F. R B, Taboada, G. F, Correa, L. L, Lima, G. A B, Fontes, R., Riello, A. P., Dominici, M., Gadelha, M. R
(2008). Prevalence of sleep apnea and metabolic abnormalities in patients with acromegaly and analysis of cephalometric parameters by magnetic resonance imaging.. Eur J Endocrinol
158: 459-465
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sorajja, D., Gami, A. S., Somers, V. K., Behrenbeck, T. R., Garcia-Touchard, A., Lopez-Jimenez, F.
(2008). Independent Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease. Chest
133: 927-933
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ybarra, J., Planas, F., Pou, J. M
(2008). Aminoterminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and sleep-disordered breathing in morbidly obese females: a cross-sectional study. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research
5: 19-24
[Abstract]
Lopez-Jimenez, F., Sert Kuniyoshi, F. H., Gami, A., Somers, V. K.
(2008). Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Implications for Cardiac and Vascular Disease. Chest
133: 793-804
[Full Text]
Kapa, S., Sert Kuniyoshi, F. H., Somers, V. K.
(2008). Sleep Apnea and Hypertension: Interactions and Implications for Management. Hypertension
51: 605-608
[Full Text]
Punjabi, N. M.
(2008). The Epidemiology of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc
5: 136-143
[Abstract][Full Text]
Eckert, D. J., Malhotra, A.
(2008). Pathophysiology of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc
5: 144-153
[Abstract][Full Text]
McNicholas, W. T.
(2008). Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults. Proc Am Thorac Soc
5: 154-160
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sanders, M. H., Montserrat, J. M., Farre, R., Givelber, R. J.
(2008). Positive Pressure Therapy: A Perspective on Evidence-based Outcomes and Methods of Application. Proc Am Thorac Soc
5: 161-172
[Abstract][Full Text]
Golbin, J. M., Somers, V. K., Caples, S. M.
(2008). Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Cardiovascular Disease, and Pulmonary Hypertension. Proc Am Thorac Soc
5: 200-206
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tasali, E., Mokhlesi, B., Van Cauter, E.
(2008). Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes: Interacting Epidemics. Chest
133: 496-506
[Abstract][Full Text]
Reuveni, H., Greenberg-Dotan, S., Simon-Tuval, T., Oksenberg, A., Tarasiuk, A.
(2008). Elevated healthcare utilisation in young adult males with obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J
31: 273-279
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yokoe, T., Alonso, L. C., Romano, L. C., Rosa, T. C., O'Doherty, Robert. M., Garcia-Ocana, A., Minoguchi, K., O'Donnell, C. P.
(2008). Intermittent hypoxia reverses the diurnal glucose rhythm and causes pancreatic {beta}-cell replication in mice. J. Physiol.
586: 899-911
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dematteis, M., Julien, C., Guillermet, C., Sturm, N., Lantuejoul, S., Mallaret, M., Levy, P., Gozal, E.
(2008). Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Early Functional Cardiovascular Remodeling in Mice. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
177: 227-235
[Abstract][Full Text]
Maser, R. E., Lenhard, M. J., Rizzo, A. A., Vasile, A. A.
(2008). Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy Improves Cardiovascular Autonomic Function for Persons With Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Chest
133: 86-91
[Abstract][Full Text]
Amit Benjamin, J, Lewis, K E
(2008). Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease. Postgrad. Med. J.
84: 15-22
[Abstract][Full Text]
Han, M. K., McLaughlin, V. V., Criner, G. J., Martinez, F. J.
(2007). Pulmonary Diseases and the Heart. Circulation
116: 2992-3005
[Abstract][Full Text]
Buchner, N. J., Sanner, B. M., Borgel, J., Rump, L. C.
(2007). Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment of Mild to Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Reduces Cardiovascular Risk. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
176: 1274-1280
[Abstract][Full Text]
Goncalves, S. C., Martinez, D., Gus, M., de Abreu-Silva, E. O., Bertoluci, C., Dutra, I., Branchi, T., Moreira, L. B., Fuchs, S. C., de Oliveira, A. C. T., Fuchs, F. D.
(2007). Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Resistant Hypertension: A Case-Control Study. Chest
132: 1858-1862
[Abstract][Full Text]
Buyse, B., Hedner, J., the participants of working group 2,
(2007). Sleep apnoea, hypertension and vascular disease: where are we now?. ERR
16: 169-182
[Abstract][Full Text]
Campos-Rodriguez, F., Perez-Ronchel, J., Grilo-Reina, A., Lima-Alvarez, J., Benitez, M. A., Almeida-Gonzalez, C.
(2007). Long-term Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on BP in Patients With Hypertension and Sleep Apnea. Chest
132: 1847-1852
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chihorek, A. M., Abou-Khalil, B., Malow, B. A.
(2007). Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with seizure occurrence in older adults with epilepsy. Neurology
69: 1823-1827
[Abstract][Full Text]
Troncoso Brindeiro, C. M., da Silva, A. Q., Allahdadi, K. J., Youngblood, V., Kanagy, N. L.
(2007). Reactive oxygen species contribute to sleep apnea-induced hypertension in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
293: H2971-H2976
[Abstract][Full Text]
Li, J., McGwin, G. Jr, Vaphiades, M. S, Owsley, C.
(2007). Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and presumed sleep apnoea syndrome screened by the Sleep Apnea scale of the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SA-SDQ). Br. J. Ophthalmol.
91: 1524-1527
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yumino, D., Bradley, T. D.
(2007). Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis: Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea the New Kid on the Block?. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
176: 634-635
[Full Text]
Li, X., Caffo, B., Scharfstein, D.
(2007). On the potential for illogic with logically defined outcomes. Biostatistics
8: 800-804
[Abstract][Full Text]
Beecroft, J. M., Zaltzman, J., Prasad, R., Meliton, G., Hanly, P. J.
(2007). Impact of kidney transplantation on sleep apnoea in patients with end-stage renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant
22: 3028-3033
[Abstract][Full Text]
Punjabi, N. M., Beamer, B. A., Jain, A., Spencer, M. E., Fedarko, N.
(2007). Elevated Levels of Neopterin in Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Chest
132: 1124-1130
[Abstract][Full Text]
Savransky, V., Bevans, S., Nanayakkara, A., Li, J., Smith, P. L., Torbenson, M. S., Polotsky, V. Y.
(2007). Chronic intermittent hypoxia causes hepatitis in a mouse model of diet-induced fatty liver. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.
293: G871-G877
[Abstract][Full Text]
McNicholas, W. T.
(2007). Cardiovascular outcomes of CPAP therapy in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.
293: R1666-R1670
[Abstract][Full Text]
Parati, G., Lombardi, C., Narkiewicz, K.
(2007). Sleep apnea: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and relation to cardiovascular risk. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.
293: R1671-R1683
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cappuccio, F. P., Stranges, S., Kandala, N.-B., Miller, M. A., Taggart, F. M., Kumari, M., Ferrie, J. E., Shipley, M. J., Brunner, E. J., Marmot, M. G.
(2007). Gender-Specific Associations of Short Sleep Duration With Prevalent and Incident Hypertension: The Whitehall II Study. Hypertension
50: 693-700
[Abstract][Full Text]
Leuenberger, U. A., Hogeman, C. S., Quraishi, S., Linton-Frazier, L., Gray, K. S.
(2007). Short-term intermittent hypoxia enhances sympathetic responses to continuous hypoxia in humans. J. Appl. Physiol.
103: 835-842
[Abstract][Full Text]
