FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 342:154-160 January 20, 2000 Number 3 Next

	Full Text PDF Letters Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background Observational and experimental studies suggest that the amount of vitamin E ingested in food and in supplements is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis.

Methods We enrolled a total of 2545 women and 6996 men 55 years of age or older who were at high risk for cardiovascular events because they had cardiovascular disease or diabetes in addition to one other risk factor. These patients were randomly assigned according to a two-by-two factorial design to receive either 400 IU of vitamin E daily from natural sources or matching placebo and either an angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitor (ramipril) or matching placebo for a mean of 4.5 years (the results of the comparison of ramipril and placebo are reported in a companion article). The primary outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes. The secondary outcomes included unstable angina, congestive heart failure, revascularization or amputation, death from any cause, complications of diabetes, and cancer.

Results A total of 772 of the 4761 patients assigned to vitamin E (16.2 percent) and 739 of the 4780 assigned to placebo (15.5 percent) had a primary outcome event (relative risk, 1.05; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.95 to 1.16; P=0.33). There were no significant differences in the numbers of deaths from cardiovascular causes (342 of those assigned to vitamin E vs. 328 of those assigned to placebo; relative risk, 1.05; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.90 to 1.22), myocardial infarction (532 vs. 524; relative risk, 1.02; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.90 to 1.15), or stroke (209 vs. 180; relative risk, 1.17; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.95 to 1.42). There were also no significant differences in the incidence of secondary cardiovascular outcomes or in death from any cause. There were no significant adverse effects of vitamin E.

Conclusions In patients at high risk for cardiovascular events, treatment with vitamin E for a mean of 4.5 years has no apparent effect on cardiovascular outcomes.

Source Information

The writing group (Salim Yusuf, D.Phil., Gilles Dagenais, M.D., Janice Pogue, M.Sc., Jackie Bosch, M.Sc., and Peter Sleight, D.M.) assumes responsibility for the overall content and integrity of the manuscript.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Salim Yusuf at the Canadian Cardiovascular Collaboration Project Office, Hamilton General Hospital, 237 Barton St. E., Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada, or at yusufs{at}fhs.mcmaster.ca.

Full Text of this Article

Related Letters:

Vitamin E Supplementation and Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients
Jialal I., Devaraj S., Yusuf S.
Extract | Full Text  
N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1917-1918, Jun 22, 2000. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Rogovik, A. L, Vohra, S., Goldman, R. D (2010). Safety Considerations and Potential Interactions of Vitamins: Should Vitamins Be Considered Drugs?. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 44: 311-324 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lee, T.-M., Lai, P.-Y., Chang, N.-C. (2010). Effect of N-acetylcysteine on sympathetic hyperinnervation in post-infarcted rat hearts. Cardiovasc Res 85: 137-146 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brown, D. A., Cascio, W. E. (2009). 'Leaky' ryanodine receptors and sudden cardiac death. Cardiovasc Res 84: 343-344 [Full Text]  
• Regieli, J. J., Jukema, J. W., Doevendans, P. A., Zwinderman, A. H., Kastelein, J. J., Grobbee, D. E., van der Graaf, Y. (2009). Paraoxonase variants relate to 10-year risk in coronary artery disease: impact of a high-density lipoprotein-bound antioxidant in secondary prevention.. J Am Coll Cardiol 54: 1238-1245 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cannon, C. P. (2009). Should We Manage Patients With Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Renal Failure With an Invasive Strategy?. Circulation 120: 828-830 [Full Text]  
• Dohadwala, M. M., Vita, J. A. (2009). Grapes and Cardiovascular Disease. J. Nutr. 139: 1788S-1793S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Moreno, P. R., Sanz, J., Fuster, V. (2009). Promoting Mechanisms of Vascular Health: Circulating Progenitor Cells, Angiogenesis, and Reverse Cholesterol Transport. J Am Coll Cardiol 53: 2315-2323 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Thomson, M. J., Frenneaux, M. P., Kaski, J. C. (2009). Antioxidant treatment for heart failure: friend or foe?. QJM 102: 305-310 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mangat, I. (2009). Do vegetarians have to eat fish for optimal cardiovascular protection?. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 89: 1597S-1601S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mente, A., de Koning, L., Shannon, H. S., Anand, S. S. (2009). A Systematic Review of the Evidence Supporting a Causal Link Between Dietary Factors and Coronary Heart Disease. Arch Intern Med 169: 659-669 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nakhoul, F. M., Miller-Lotan, R., Awad, H., Asleh, R., Jad, K., Nakhoul, N., Asaf, R., Abu-Saleh, N., Levy, A. P. (2009). Pharmacogenomic effect of vitamin E on kidney structure and function in transgenic mice with the haptoglobin 2-2 genotype and diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 296: F830-F838 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hori, M., Nishida, K. (2009). Oxidative stress and left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 81: 457-464 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chess, D. J., Xu, W., Khairallah, R., O'Shea, K. M., Kop, W. J., Azimzadeh, A. M., Stanley, W. C. (2008). The antioxidant tempol attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction in mice fed a high-fructose diet. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 295: H2223-H2230 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sesso, H. D., Buring, J. E., Christen, W. G., Kurth, T., Belanger, C., MacFadyen, J., Bubes, V., Manson, J. E., Glynn, R. J., Gaziano, J. M. (2008). Vitamins E and C in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Men: The Physicians' Health Study II Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 300: 2123-2133 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nicholls, S. J. (2008). The Complex Intersection of Inflammation and Oxidation: Implications for Atheroprotection. J Am Coll Cardiol 52: 1379-1380 [Full Text]  
• Asleh, R., Blum, S., Kalet-Litman, S., Alshiek, J., Miller-Lotan, R., Asaf, R., Rock, W., Aviram, M., Milman, U., Shapira, C., Abassi, Z., Levy, A. P. (2008). Correction of HDL Dysfunction in Individuals With Diabetes and the Haptoglobin 2-2 Genotype. Diabetes 57: 2794-2800 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schulz, E., Dopheide, J., Schuhmacher, S., Thomas, S. R., Chen, K., Daiber, A., Wenzel, P., Munzel, T., Keaney, J. F. Jr (2008). Suppression of the JNK Pathway by Induction of a Metabolic Stress Response Prevents Vascular Injury and Dysfunction. Circulation 118: 1347-1357 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Violi, F., Cangemi, R. (2008). Statin Treatment as a Confounding Factor in Human Trials with Vitamin E. J. Nutr. 138: 1179-1181 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Moens, A. L., Takimoto, E., Tocchetti, C. G., Chakir, K., Bedja, D., Cormaci, G., Ketner, E. A., Majmudar, M., Gabrielson, K., Halushka, M. K., Mitchell, J. B., Biswal, S., Channon, K. M., Wolin, M. S., Alp, N. J., Paolocci, N., Champion, H. C., Kass, D. A. (2008). Reversal of Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis From Pressure Overload by Tetrahydrobiopterin: Efficacy of Recoupling Nitric Oxide Synthase as a Therapeutic Strategy. Circulation 117: 2626-2636 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vinayagamoorthi, R, Bobby, Z., Sridhar, M G (2008). Antioxidants preserve redox balance and inhibit c-Jun-N-terminal kinase pathway while improving insulin signaling in fat-fed rats: evidence for the role of oxidative stress on IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and insulin resistance. J Endocrinol 197: 287-296 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Murphy, E., Steenbergen, C. (2008). Mechanisms Underlying Acute Protection From Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Physiol. Rev. 88: 581-609 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Blum, S., Milman, U., Shapira, C., Miller-Lotan, R., Bennett, L., Kostenko, M., Landau, M., Keidar, S., Levy, Y., Khemlin, A., Radan, A., Levy, A. P. (2008). Dual Therapy With Statins and Antioxidants Is Superior to Statins Alone in Decreasing the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a Subgroup of Middle-Aged Individuals With Both Diabetes Mellitus and the Haptoglobin 2-2 Genotype. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: e18-e20 [Full Text]  
• Freedman, J. E. (2008). Oxidative Stress and Platelets. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: s11-s16 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Milman, U., Blum, S., Shapira, C., Aronson, D., Miller-Lotan, R., Anbinder, Y., Alshiek, J., Bennett, L., Kostenko, M., Landau, M., Keidar, S., Levy, Y., Khemlin, A., Radan, A., Levy, A. P. (2008). Vitamin E Supplementation Reduces Cardiovascular Events in a Subgroup of Middle-Aged Individuals With Both Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Haptoglobin 2-2 Genotype: A Prospective Double-Blinded Clinical Trial. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: 341-347 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Grossman, E. (2008). Does Increased Oxidative Stress Cause Hypertension?. Diabetes Care 31: S185-S189 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gustafsson, A. B., Gottlieb, R. A. (2008). Heart mitochondria: gates of life and death. Cardiovasc Res 77: 334-343 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tatsioni, A., Bonitsis, N. G., Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2007). Persistence of Contradicted Claims in the Literature. JAMA 298: 2517-2526 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Siekmeier, R., Steffen, C., Marz, W. (2007). Role of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis: Results of In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER 12: 265-282 [Abstract]  
• Houston, M. C., Cooil, B., Olafsson, B. J., Raggi, P. (2007). Juice Powder Concentrate and Systemic Blood Pressure, Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium and Antioxidant Status in Hypertensive Subjects: A Pilot Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 4: 455-462 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sachse, A., Wolf, G. (2007). Angiotensin II Induced Reactive Oxygen Species and the Kidney. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18: 2439-2446 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jacobson, A., Yan, C., Gao, Q., Rincon-Skinner, T., Rivera, A., Edwards, J., Huang, A., Kaley, G., Sun, D. (2007). Aging enhances pressure-induced arterial superoxide formation. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 293: H1344-H1350 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Snoep, J. D., Hovens, M. M. C., Eikenboom, J. C. J., van der Bom, J. G., Huisman, M. V. (2007). Association of Laboratory-Defined Aspirin Resistance With a Higher Risk of Recurrent Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 167: 1593-1599 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cook, N. R., Albert, C. M., Gaziano, J. M., Zaharris, E., MacFadyen, J., Danielson, E., Buring, J. E., Manson, J. E. (2007). A Randomized Factorial Trial of Vitamins C and E and Beta Carotene in the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Women: Results From the Women's Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study. Arch Intern Med 167: 1610-1618 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shenouda, S. M., Vita, J. A. (2007). Effects of Flavonoid-Containing Beverages and EGCG on Endothelial Function. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 26: 366S-372S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Seddon, M., Looi, Y. H, Shah, A. M (2007). Oxidative stress and redox signalling in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Heart 93: 903-907 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mann, G. E., Rowlands, D. J., Li, F. Y.L., de Winter, P., Siow, R. C.M. (2007). Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by dietary isoflavones: Role of NO in Nrf2-mediated antioxidant gene expression. Cardiovasc Res 75: 261-274 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Harriss, L. R, English, D. R, Powles, J., Giles, G. G, Tonkin, A. M, Hodge, A. M, Brazionis, L., O'Dea, K. (2007). Dietary patterns and cardiovascular mortality in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 86: 221-229 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Musaad, S., Haynes, E. N. (2007). Biomarkers of Obesity and Subsequent Cardiovascular Events. Epidemiol Rev 0: mxm005v1- [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McCrindle, B. W., Urbina, E. M., Dennison, B. A., Jacobson, M. S., Steinberger, J., Rocchini, A. P., Hayman, L. L., Daniels, S. R. (2007). Drug Therapy of High-Risk Lipid Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee, Council of Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, With the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Circulation 115: 1948-1967 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lapolla, A., Piarulli, F., Sartore, G., Ceriello, A., Ragazzi, E., Reitano, R., Baccarin, L., Laverda, B., Fedele, D. (2007). Advanced Glycation End Products and Antioxidant Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With and Without Peripheral Artery Disease. Diabetes Care 30: 670-676 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Takimoto, E., Kass, D. A. (2007). Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Remodeling. Hypertension 49: 241-248 [Full Text]  
• Riccioni, G., Bucciarelli, T., Mancini, B., Corradi, F., Di Ilio, C., Mattei, P. A., D'Orazio, N. (2007). Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation in Cardiovascular Diseases. Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science 37: 89-95 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dzau, V. J., Antman, E. M., Black, H. R., Hayes, D. L., Manson, J. E., Plutzky, J., Popma, J. J., Stevenson, W. (2006). The Cardiovascular Disease Continuum Validated: Clinical Evidence of Improved Patient Outcomes: Part I: Pathophysiology and Clinical Trial Evidence (Risk Factors Through Stable Coronary Artery Disease). Circulation 114: 2850-2870 [Full Text]  
• Yusuf, S., Bosch, J. (2006). Independent design and conduct of clinical trials. Clin Trials 3: 503-507 [Abstract]  
• Schramm, J. C., Dinh, T., Veves, A. (2006). Microvascular Changes in the Diabetic Foot. INT J LOW EXTREM WOUNDS 5: 149-159 [Abstract]  
• van Empel, V. P.M., Bertrand, A. T., van Oort, R. J., van der Nagel, R., Engelen, M., van Rijen, H. V., Doevendans, P. A., Crijns, H. J., Ackerman, S. L., Sluiter, W., De Windt, L. J. (2006). EUK-8, a Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Mimetic, Reduces Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Ameliorates Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure in the Harlequin Mouse Mutant. J Am Coll Cardiol 48: 824-832 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhu, X.-Y., Daghini, E., Chade, A. R., Rodriguez-Porcel, M., Napoli, C., Lerman, A., Lerman, L. O. (2006). Role of Oxidative Stress in Remodeling of the Myocardial Microcirculation in Hypertension. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 26: 1746-1752 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shah, A. M., Sauer, H. (2006). Transmitting biological information using oxygen: Reactive oxygen species as signalling molecules in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Cardiovasc Res 71: 191-194 [Full Text]  
• Jhund, P., McMurray, J. J.V. (2006). Does Aspirin Reduce the Benefit of an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor?: Choosing Between the Scylla of Observational Studies and the Charybdis of Subgroup Analysis. Circulation 113: 2566-2568 [Full Text]  
• Heinecke, J. W. (2006). Lipoprotein oxidation in cardiovascular disease: chief culprit or innocent bystander?. JEM 203: 813-816 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Monnier, L., Mas, E., Ginet, C., Michel, F., Villon, L., Cristol, J.-P., Colette, C. (2006). Activation of Oxidative Stress by Acute Glucose Fluctuations Compared With Sustained Chronic Hyperglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA 295: 1681-1687 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Versari, D., Daghini, E., Rodriguez-Porcel, M., Sattler, K., Galili, O., Pilarczyk, K., Napoli, C., Lerman, L. O., Lerman, A. (2006). Chronic Antioxidant Supplementation Impairs Coronary Endothelial Function and Myocardial Perfusion in Normal Pigs. Hypertension 47: 475-481 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Poole-Wilson, P. A., Jacques, A., Lyon, A. (2006). Treatment of angina: a commentary on new therapeutic approaches. Eur Heart J Suppl 8: A20-A25 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Witte, K. K.A., Nikitin, N. P., Parker, A. C., von Haehling, S., Volk, H.-D., Anker, S. D., Clark, A. L., Cleland, J. G.F. (2005). The effect of micronutrient supplementation on quality-of-life and left ventricular function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 26: 2238-2244 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kevin, L. G., Novalija, E., Stowe, D. F. (2005). Reactive Oxygen Species as Mediators of Cardiac Injury and Protection: The Relevance to Anesthesia Practice. Anesth. Analg. 101: 1275-1287 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pham, D. Q, Plakogiannis, R. (2005). Vitamin E Supplementation in Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Prevention: Part 1. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 39: 1870-1878 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• HOPE/HOPE-TOO Study Investigators, (2005). Long-Term Effects of Ramipril on Cardiovascular Events and on Diabetes: Results of the HOPE Study Extension. Circulation 112: 1339-1346 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chatziantoniou, C., Dussaule, J.-C. (2005). Insights into the mechanisms of renal fibrosis: is it possible to achieve regression?. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 289: F227-F234 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lichtenstein, A. H., Russell, R. M. (2005). Essential Nutrients: Food or Supplements?: Where Should the Emphasis Be?. JAMA 294: 351-358 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Guallar, E., Hanley, D. F., Miller, E. R. III (2005). An Editorial Update: Annus horribilis for Vitamin E. ANN INTERN MED 143: 143-145 [Full Text]  
• Miller, E. R. III, Appel, L. J., Guallar, E., Pastor-Barriuso, R. (2005). High-Dosage Vitamin E Supplementation and All-Cause Mortality. ANN INTERN MED 143: 156-158 [Full Text]  
• Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005). Contradicted and Initially Stronger Effects in Highly Cited Clinical Research. JAMA 294: 218-228 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lee, I-M., Cook, N. R., Gaziano, J. M., Gordon, D., Ridker, P. M, Manson, J. E., Hennekens, C. H., Buring, J. E. (2005). Vitamin E in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: The Women's Health Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 294: 56-65 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Arad, Y., Spadaro, L. A., Roth, M., Newstein, D., Guerci, A. D. (2005). Treatment of Asymptomatic Adults With Elevated Coronary Calcium Scores With Atorvastatin, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E: The St. Francis Heart Study Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 46: 166-172 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vogel, J. H.K., Bolling, S. F., Costello, R. B., Guarneri, E. M., Krucoff, M. W., Longhurst, J. C., Olshansky, B., Pelletier, K. R., Tracy, C. M., Vogel, R. A., Vogel, R. A., Abrams, J., Anderson, J. L., Bates, E. R., Brodie, B. R., Grines, C. L., Danias, P. G., Gregoratos, G., Hlatky, M. A., Hochman, J. S., Kaul, S., Lichtenberg, R. C., Lindner, J. R., O'Rourke, R. A., Pohost, G. M., Schofield, R. S., Shubrooks, S. J., Tracy, C. M., Winters, W. L. Jr (2005). Integrating Complementary Medicine Into Cardiovascular Medicine: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents (Writing Committee to Develop an Expert Consensus Document on Complementary and Integrative Medicine). J Am Coll Cardiol 46: 184-221 [Full Text]  
• Matsushita, K., Morrell, C. N., Mason, R. J.A., Yamakuchi, M., Khanday, F. A., Irani, K., Lowenstein, C. J. (2005). Hydrogen peroxide regulation of endothelial exocytosis by inhibition of N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor. JCB 170: 73-79 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tang, H., Hao, Q., Rutherford, S. A., Low, B., Zhao, Z. J. (2005). Inactivation of Src Family Tyrosine Kinases by Reactive Oxygen Species in Vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 23918-23925 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tan, P. H., Sagoo, P., Chan, C., Yates, J. B., Campbell, J., Beutelspacher, S. C., Foxwell, B. M. J., Lombardi, G., George, A. J. T. (2005). Inhibition of NF-{kappa}B and Oxidative Pathways in Human Dendritic Cells by Antioxidative Vitamins Generates Regulatory T Cells. J. Immunol. 174: 7633-7644 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Oka, R. K, Umoh, E., Szuba, A., Giacomini, J. C, Cooke, J. P (2005). Suboptimal intensity of risk factor modification in PAD. Vasc Med 10: 91-96 [Abstract]  
• Hathcock, J. N, Azzi, A., Blumberg, J., Bray, T., Dickinson, A., Frei, B., Jialal, I., Johnston, C. S, Kelly, F. J, Kraemer, K., Packer, L., Parthasarathy, S., Sies, H., Traber, M. G (2005). Vitamins E and C are safe across a broad range of intakes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81: 736-745 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Luyten, C. R., van Overveld, F. J., De Backer, L. A., Sadowska, A. M., Rodrigus, I. E., De Hert, S. G., De Backer, W. A. (2005). Antioxidant defence during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 27: 611-616 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Touyz, R. M., Mercure, C., He, Y., Javeshghani, D., Yao, G., Callera, G. E., Yogi, A., Lochard, N., Reudelhuber, T. L. (2005). Angiotensin II-Dependent Chronic Hypertension and Cardiac Hypertrophy Are Unaffected by gp91phox-Containing NADPH Oxidase. Hypertension 45: 530-537 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• The HOPE and HOPE-TOO Trial Investigators, (2005). Effects of Long-term Vitamin E Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events and Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 293: 1338-1347 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brown, B. G., Crowley, J. (2005). Is There Any Hope for Vitamin E?. JAMA 293: 1387-1390 [Full Text]  
• Chew, E. Y., Clemons, T. (2005). Vitamin E and the Age-Related Eye Disease Study Supplementation for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 123: 395-396 [Full Text]  
• Vinson, J. A, Zubik, L., Bose, P., Samman, N., Proch, J. (2005). Dried Fruits: Excellent in Vitro and in Vivo Antioxidants. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 24: 44-50 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jialal, I., Devaraj, S. (2005). Scientific Evidence to Support a Vitamin E and Heart Disease Health Claim: Research Needs. J. Nutr. 135: 348-353 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Trumbo, P. R. (2005). The Level of Evidence for Permitting a Qualified Health Claim: FDA's Review of the Evidence for Selenium and Cancer and Vitamin E and Heart Disease. J. Nutr. 135: 354-356 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Morrow, J. D. (2005). Quantification of Isoprostanes as Indices of Oxidant Stress and the Risk of Atherosclerosis in Humans. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 25: 279-286 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kahn, M. B., Boesze-Battaglia, K., Stepp, D. W., Petrov, A., Huang, Y., Mason, R. P., Tulenko, T. N. (2005). Influence of serum cholesterol on atherogenesis and intimal hyperplasia after angioplasty: inhibition by amlodipine. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 288: H591-H600 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Miller, E. R. III, Pastor-Barriuso, R., Dalal, D., Riemersma, R. A., Appel, L. J., Guallar, E. (2005). Meta-Analysis: High-Dosage Vitamin E Supplementation May Increase All-Cause Mortality. ANN INTERN MED 142: 37-46 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Young, I. S. (2005). Oxidative Stress and Vascular Disease: Insights from Isoprostane Measurement. Clin. Chem. 51: 14-15 [Full Text]  
• Gross, M., Steffes, M., Jacobs, D. R. Jr, Yu, X., Lewis, L., Lewis, C. E., Loria, C. M. (2005). Plasma F2-Isoprostanes and Coronary Artery Calcification: The CARDIA Study. Clin. Chem. 51: 125-131 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wieand, S., Murphy, K. (2004). A Commentary on Treatment at Random: The Ultimate Science or the Betrayal of Hippocrates?. JCO 22: 5009-5011 [Full Text]  
• Genkinger, J. M., Platz, E. A., Hoffman, S. C., Comstock, G. W., Helzlsouer, K. J. (2004). Fruit, Vegetable, and Antioxidant Intake and All-Cause, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in a Community-dwelling Population in Washington County, Maryland. Am J Epidemiol 160: 1223-1233 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Liu, R. H. (2004). Potential Synergy of Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention: Mechanism of Action. J. Nutr. 134: 3479S-3485S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Takase, B., Etsuda, H., Matsushima, Y., Ayaori, M., Kusano, H., Hamabe, A., Uehata, A., Ohsuzu, F., Ishihara, M., Kurita, A. (2004). Effect of Chronic Oral Supplementation with Vitamins on the Endothelial Function in Chronic Smokers. ANGIOLOGY 55: 653-660 [Abstract]  
• Takase, B., Etsuda, H., Matsushima, Y., Ayaori, M., Kusano, H., Hamabe, A., Uehata, A., Ohsuzu, F., Ishihara, M., Kurita, A. (2004). Effect of Chronic Oral Supplementation with Vitamins on the Endothelial Function in Chronic Smokers. ANGIOLOGY 55: 653-660 [Abstract]  
• Levy, A. P., Gerstein, H. C., Miller-Lotan, R., Ratner, R., McQueen, M., Lonn, E., Pogue, J. (2004). The Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation on Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetic Individuals With Different Haptoglobin Phenotypes. Diabetes Care 27: 2767-2767 [Full Text]  
• Gupta, R., Birnbaum, Y., Uretsky, B. F. (2004). The renal patient with coronary artery disease: Current concepts and dilemmas. J Am Coll Cardiol 44: 1343-1353 [Abstract] [Full Text]