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Previous Volume 343:1772-1777 December 14, 2000 Number 24 Next

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ABSTRACT

Background The California Tobacco Control Program, a large, aggressive antitobacco program implemented in 1989 and funded by a voter-enacted cigarette surtax, accelerated the decline in cigarette consumption and in the prevalence of smoking in California. Since the excess risk of heart disease falls rapidly after the cessation of smoking, we tested the hypothesis that this program was associated with lower rates of death from heart disease.

Methods Data on per capita cigarette consumption and age-adjusted rates of death from heart disease in California and the United States from 1980 to 1997 were fitted in multiple regression analyses. The regression analyses included the rates in the rest of the United States and variables that allowed for changes in the rates after 1988, when the tobacco-control program was approved, and after 1992, when the program was cut back.

Results Between 1989 and 1992, the rates of decline in per capita cigarette consumption and mortality from heart disease in California, relative to the rest of the United States, were significantly greater than the pre-1989 rates, by 2.72 packs per year per year (P=0.001) and by 2.93 deaths per year per 100,000 population per year (P<0.001). These rates of decline were reduced (by 2.05 packs per year per year [P=0.04], and by 1.71 deaths per year per 100,000 population per year [P=0.03]) when the program was cut back, beginning in 1992. Despite these problems, the program was associated with 33,300 fewer deaths from heart disease between 1989 and 1997 than the number that would have been expected if the earlier trend in mortality from heart disease in California relative to the rest of the United States had continued. The diminished effectiveness of the program after 1992 was associated with 8300 more deaths than would have been expected had its initial effectiveness been maintained.

Conclusions A large and aggressive tobacco-control program is associated with a reduction in deaths from heart disease in the short run.

Source Information

From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Health Policy Studies, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Glantz at the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Box 0130, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0130, or at glantz{at}medicine.ucsf.edu.

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