FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 344:1659-1667 May 31, 2001 Number 22 Next

	Full Text PDF Editorial by Braunwald, E. Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background Although beta-adrenergic–receptor antagonists reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic heart failure, their effect on survival in patients with more advanced heart failure is unknown.

Methods A total of 2708 patients with heart failure designated as New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III (in 92 percent of the patients) or IV (in 8 percent) and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35 percent or lower were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with either bucindolol (1354 patients) or placebo (1354 patients) and followed for the primary end point of death from any cause.

Results The data and safety monitoring board recommended stopping the trial after the seventh interim analysis. At that time, there was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups (unadjusted P=0.16). The results presented here are based on complete follow-up at the time of study termination (average, 2.0 years). There were a total of 449 deaths in the placebo group (33 percent) and 411 deaths in the bucindolol group (30 percent, adjusted P=0.13). The risk of the secondary end point of death from cardiovascular causes was lower in the bucindolol group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.74 to 0.99), as was the risk of heart transplantation or death. In a subgroup analysis, there was a survival benefit in nonblack patients.

Conclusions In a demographically diverse group of patients with NYHA class III and IV heart failure, bucindolol resulted in no significant overall survival benefit.

Source Information

The BEST Manuscript Writing Committee (Eric J. Eichhorn, M.D., Michael J. Domanski, M.D., Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, M.S., Michael R. Bristow, M.D., Ph.D., and Philip W. Lavori, Ph.D.) takes responsibility for the content of this article.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Eichhorn at the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory (IIIA2), University of Texas Southwestern and Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4500 S. Lancaster, Dallas, TX 75216, or at eric.eichhorn{at}utsouthwestern.edu.

Full Text of this Article

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Fonarow, G. C., Yancy, C. W., Albert, N. M., Curtis, A. B., Stough, W. G., Gheorghiade, M., Heywood, J. T., McBride, M. L., Mehra, M. R., O'Connor, C. M., Reynolds, D., Walsh, M. N. (2008). Heart Failure Care in the Outpatient Cardiology Practice Setting: Findings From IMPROVE HF. Circ Heart Fail 1: 98-106 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Prisant, L. M., Thomas, K. L., Lewis, E. F., Huang, Z., Francis, G. S., Weaver, W. D., Pfeffer, M. A., McMurray, J. J.V., Califf, R. M., Velazquez, E. J. (2008). Racial Analysis of Patients With Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Heart Failure and/or Left Ventricular Dysfunction Treated With Valsartan, Captopril, or Both. J Am Coll Cardiol 51: 1865-1871 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vittorio, T. J., Zolty, R., Kasper, M. E., Khandwalla, R. M., Hirsh, D. S., Tseng, C.-H., Jorde, U. P., Ahuja, K. (2008). Differential Effects of Carvedilol and Metoprolol Succinate on Plasma Norepinephrine Release and Peak Exercise Heart Rate in Subjects With Chronic Heart Failure. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER 13: 51-57 [Abstract]  
• Granger, C. B (2007). Carvedilol was more effective than metoprolol for preventing cardiovascular events in heart failure. Evid. Based Med. 12: 141-141 [Full Text]  
• Lunkenheimer, P. P., Redmann, K., Cryer, C. W., Batista, R. V., Stanton, J. J., Niederer, P., Anderson, R. H. (2007). Beta-blockade at low doses restoring the physiological balance in myocytic antagonism. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 32: 225-230 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Patel, J., Heywood, J. T. (2007). Mode of Death in Patients With Systolic Heart Failure. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER 12: 127-136 [Abstract]  
• Momary, K. M. (2007). Cardiovascular Pharmacogenomics. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 20: 265-276 [Abstract]  
• Ong, H T (2007). beta blockers in hypertension and cardiovascular disease. BMJ 334: 946-949 [Full Text]  
• Taylor, M. R.G., Slavov, D., Ku, L., Di Lenarda, A., Sinagra, G., Carniel, E., Haubold, K., Boucek, M. M., Ferguson, D., Graw, S. L., Zhu, X., Cavanaugh, J., Sucharov, C. C., Long, C. S., Bristow, M. R., Lavori, P., Mestroni, L., for the Familial Cardiomyopathy Registry and the B, (2007). Prevalence of Desmin Mutations in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 115: 1244-1251 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nasr, I. A., Bouzamondo, A., Hulot, J.-S., Dubourg, O., Le Heuzey, J.-Y., Lechat, P. (2007). Prevention of atrial fibrillation onset by beta-blocker treatment in heart failure: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 0: ehl484v1-6 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bibbins-Domingo, K., Fernandez, A. (2007). BiDil for Heart Failure in Black Patients: Implications of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval. ANN INTERN MED 146: 52-56 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dzau, V. J., Antman, E. M., Black, H. R., Hayes, D. L., Manson, J. E., Plutzky, J., Popma, J. J., Stevenson, W. (2006). The Cardiovascular Disease Continuum Validated: Clinical Evidence of Improved Patient Outcomes: Part II: Clinical Trial Evidence (Acute Coronary Syndromes Through Renal Disease) and Future Directions. Circulation 114: 2871-2891 [Full Text]  
• Gheorghiade, M., Sopko, G., De Luca, L., Velazquez, E. J., Parker, J. D., Binkley, P. F., Sadowski, Z., Golba, K. S., Prior, D. L., Rouleau, J. L., Bonow, R. O. (2006). Navigating the Crossroads of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure. Circulation 114: 1202-1213 [Full Text]  
• Groban, L., Butterworth, J. (2006). Perioperative management of chronic heart failure.. Anesth. Analg. 103: 557-575 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Liggett, S. B., Mialet-Perez, J., Thaneemit-Chen, S., Weber, S. A., Greene, S. M., Hodne, D., Nelson, B., Morrison, J., Domanski, M. J., Wagoner, L. E., Abraham, W. T., Anderson, J. L., Carlquist, J. F., Krause-Steinrauf, H. J., Lazzeroni, L. C., Port, J. D., Lavori, P. W., Bristow, M. R. (2006). A polymorphism within a conserved beta1-adrenergic receptor motif alters cardiac function and beta-blocker response in human heart failure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 11288-11293 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lechat, P. (2006). The evolution of heart failure management over recent decades: from CONSENSUS to CIBIS. Eur Heart J Suppl 8: C5-C12 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Funck-Brentano, C. (2006). Beta-blockade in CHF: from contraindication to indication. Eur Heart J Suppl 8: C19-C27 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vanoli, E., Adamson, P. B. (2006). What does the future hold for the management of chronic heart failure?. Eur Heart J Suppl 8: C51-C57 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brady, A J B, Poole-Wilson, P A (2006). ESC-CHF: guidelines for the aspirational and the practical.. Heart 92: 437-440 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pleger, S. T., Koch, W. J. (2006). The yin and yang of increased beta-adrenergic signaling: beta1-adrenergic genetic polymorphism and protection against acute myocardial ischemic injury. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 290: H1408-H1409 [Full Text]  
• Gillespie, N. D (2006). The diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the older patient. Br Med Bull 75-76: 49-62 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Taylor, A. L., Wright, J. T. Jr, Cooper, R. S., Psaty, B. M., Taylor, A. L., Wright, J. T. Jr, Cooper, R. S., Psaty, B. M. (2005). Importance of Race/Ethnicity in Clinical Trials: Lessons From the African-American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT), the African-American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK), and the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Circulation 112: 3654-3666 [Full Text]  
• Jost, A., Rauch, B., Hochadel, M., Winkler, R., Schneider, S., Jacobs, M., Kilkowski, C., Kilkowski, A., Lorenz, H., Muth, K., Zugck, C., Remppis, A., Haass, M., Senges, J., for the HELUMA study group, (2005). Beta-blocker treatment of chronic systolic heart failure improves prognosis even in patients meeting one or more exclusion criteria of the MERIT-HF study. Eur Heart J 26: 2689-2697 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cohen-Solal, A., Rouzet, F., Berdeaux, A., Le Guludec, D., Abergel, E., Syrota, A., Merlet, P. (2005). Effects of Carvedilol on Myocardial Sympathetic Innervation in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. JNM 46: 1796-1803 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Krum, H., Haas, S. J., Eichhorn, E., Ghali, J., Gilbert, E., Lechat, P., Packer, M., Roecker, E., Verkenne, P., Wedel, H., Wikstrand, J. (2005). Prognostic benefit of beta-blockers in patients not receiving ACE-Inhibitors. Eur Heart J 26: 2154-2158 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Singh, B. N. (2005). {beta}-Adrenergic Blockers as Antiarrhythmic and Antifibrillatory Compounds: An Overview. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER 10: S3-S14 [Abstract]  
• Reiffel, J. A. (2005). Drug and Drug-Device Therapy in Heart Failure Patients in the Post-COMET and SCD-HeFT Era. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER 10: S45-S58 [Abstract]  
• Developed in Collaboration With the American Colle, , Endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society, , Hunt, S. A., Abraham, W. T., Chin, M. H., Feldman, A. M., Francis, G. S., Ganiats, T. G., Jessup, M., Konstam, M. A., Mancini, D. M., Michl, K., Oates, J. A., Rahko, P. S., Silver, M. A., Stevenson, L. W., Yancy, C. W., Antman, E. M., Smith, S. C. Jr, Adams, C. D., Anderson, J. L., Faxon, D. P., Fuster, V., Halperin, J. L., Hiratzka, L. F., Hunt, S. A., Jacobs, A. K., Nishimura, R., Ornato, J. P., Page, R. L., Riegel, B. (2005). ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult--Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol 46: 1116-1143 [Full Text]  
• Hunt, S. A., Abraham, W. T., Chin, M. H., Feldman, A. M., Francis, G. S., Ganiats, T. G., Jessup, M., Konstam, M. A., Mancini, D. M., Michl, K., Oates, J. A., Rahko, P. S., Silver, M. A., Stevenson, L. W., Yancy, C. W., Antman, E. M., Smith, S. C. Jr, Adams, C. D., Anderson, J. L., Faxon, D. P., Fuster, V., Halperin, J. L., Hiratzka, L. F., Hunt, S. A., Jacobs, A. K., Nishimura, R., Ornato, J. P., Page, R. L., Riegel, B. (2005). ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult--Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): Developed in Collaboration With the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 112: 1825-1852 [Full Text]  
• Paterson, D. J. (2005). Targeting Arterial Chemoreceptor Over-Activity in Heart Failure With a Gas. Circ. Res. 97: 201-203 [Full Text]  
• The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Work, (2005). Major Clinical Trials of Hypertension: What Should Be Done Next?. Hypertension 46: 1-6 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Authors/Task Force Members, , Swedberg, K., Writing Committee:, , Cleland, J., Dargie, H., Drexler, H., Follath, F., Komajda, M., Tavazzi, L., Smiseth, O. A., Other Contributors, , Gavazzi, A., Haverich, A., Hoes, A., Jaarsma, T., Korewicki, J., Levy, S., Linde, C., Lopez-Sendon, J.-L., Nieminen, M. S., Pierard, L., Remme, W. J. (2005). Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure: executive summary (update 2005): The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 26: 1115-1140 [Full Text]  
• Mann, D. L., Bristow, M. R. (2005). Mechanisms and Models in Heart Failure: The Biomechanical Model and Beyond. Circulation 111: 2837-2849 [Full Text]  
• Grayburn, P. A., Appleton, C. P., DeMaria, A. N., Greenberg, B., Lowes, B., Oh, J., Plehn, J. F., Rahko, P., St. John Sutton, M., Eichhorn, E. J., the BEST Trial Echocardiographic Substudy Investig, (2005). Echocardiographic predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced heart failure: The Beta-blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial (BEST). J Am Coll Cardiol 45: 1064-1071 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yancy, C. W., Benjamin, E. J., Fabunmi, R. P., Bonow, R. O. (2005). Discovering the Full Spectrum of Cardiovascular Disease: Minority Health Summit 2003: Executive Summary. Circulation 111: 1339-1349 [Full Text]  
• Flather, M. D., Shibata, M. C., Coats, A. J.S., Van Veldhuisen, D. J., Parkhomenko, A., Borbola, J., Cohen-Solal, A., Dumitrascu, D., Ferrari, R., Lechat, P., Soler-Soler, J., Tavazzi, L., Spinarova, L., Toman, J., Bohm, M., Anker, S. D., Thompson, S. G., Poole-Wilson, P. A., on behalf of the SENIORS Investigators, (2005). Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 26: 215-225 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McMurray, J. (2005). Making sense of SENIORS. Eur Heart J 26: 203-206 [Full Text]  
• Yan, A. T., Yan, R. T., Liu, P. P. (2005). Narrative Review: Pharmacotherapy for Chronic Heart Failure: Evidence from Recent Clinical Trials. ANN INTERN MED 142: 132-145 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McMurray, J. J.V., Pfeffer, M. A. (2004). The year in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 44: 2398-2405 [Full Text]  
• Ghali, J. K. (2004). Cerebroprotection mediated by angiotensin II. J Am Coll Cardiol 44: 2097-2097 [Full Text]  
• Taylor, A. L., Ziesche, S., Yancy, C., Carson, P., D'Agostino, R. Jr., Ferdinand, K., Taylor, M., Adams, K., Sabolinski, M., Worcel, M., Cohn, J. N., the African-American Heart Failure Trial Investiga, (2004). Combination of Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine in Blacks with Heart Failure. NEJM 351: 2049-2057 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tomaselli, G. F., Zipes, D. P. (2004). What Causes Sudden Death in Heart Failure?. Circ. Res. 95: 754-763 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Satwani, S., Dec, G. W., Narula, J. (2004). {beta}-Adrenergic Blockers in Heart Failure: Review of Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Outcomes. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER 9: 243-255 [Abstract]  
• Bristow, M.R., Krause-Steinrauf, H., Nuzzo, R., Liang, C.-S., Lindenfeld, J., Lowes, B.D., Hattler, B., Abraham, W.T., Olson, L., Krueger, S., Thaneemit-Chen, S., Hare, J.M., Loeb, H.S., Domanski, M.J., Eichhorn, E.J., Zelis, R., Lavori, P. (2004). Effect of Baseline or Changes in Adrenergic Activity on Clinical Outcomes in the {beta}-Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial. Circulation 110: 1437-1442 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nichol, G., Kaul, P., Huszti, E., Bridges, J. F.P. (2004). Cost-Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Symptomatic Heart Failure. ANN INTERN MED 141: 343-351 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Task Force Members, , Lopez-Sendo, J., Swedberg, K., McMurray, J., Tamargo, J., Maggioni, A. P., Dargie, H., Tendera, M., Waagstein, F., Kjekshus, J., Lechat, P., Pedersen, C. T., ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines, , Priori, S. G., Alonso Garcia, M. A., Blanc, J.-J., Budaj, A., Cowie, M., Dean, V., Deckers, J., Fernandez Burgos, E., Lekakis, J., Lindahl, B., Mazzotta, G., McGregor, K., Morais, J., Oto, A., Smiseth, O. A., Document Reviewers, , Alonso Garcia, M. A., Ardissino, D., Avendano, C., Lundqvist, C. B., ment, D. C., Drexler, H., Ferrari, R., Fox, K. A., Julian, D., Kearney, P., Klein, W., ber, L. K., Mancia, G., Nieminen, M., Ruzyllo, W., Simoons, M., Thygesen, K., Tognoni, G., Tritto, I., Wallentin, L. (2004). Expert consensus document on {beta}-adrenergic receptor blockers: The Task Force on Beta-Blockers of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 25: 1341-1362 [Full Text]  
• Gluckman, T. J., Baranowski, B., Ashen, M. D., Henrikson, C. A., McAllister, M., Braunstein, J. B., Blumenthal, R. S. (2004). A Practical and Evidence-Based Approach to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction. Arch Intern Med 164: 1490-1500 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ko, D. T., Hebert, P. R., Coffey, C. S., Curtis, J. P., Foody, J. M., Sedrakyan, A., Krumholz, H. M. (2004). Adverse Effects of {beta}-Blocker Therapy for Patients With Heart Failure: A Quantitative Overview of Randomized Trials. Arch Intern Med 164: 1389-1394 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zaugg, M., Schulz, C., Wacker, J., Schaub, M. C. (2004). Sympatho-modulatory therapies in perioperative medicine. Br J Anaesth 93: 53-62 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jessup, M., Pina, I. L. (2004). Is it important to examine gender differences in the epidemiology and outcome of severe heart failure?. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 127: 1247-1252 [Full Text]  
• Julius, S., Alderman, M. H., Beevers, G., Dahlof, B., Devereux, R. B., Douglas, J. G., Edelman, J. M., Harris, K. E., Kjeldsen, S. E., Nesbitt, S., Randall, O. S., Wright, J. T. Jr (2004). Cardiovascular risk reduction in hypertensive black patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: The life study. J Am Coll Cardiol 43: 1047-1055 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sackner-Bernstein, J. D., Skopicki, H. A. (2004). Racing away from bias. J Am Coll Cardiol 43: 785-786 [Full Text]  
• Metra, M., Nodari, S., Dei Cas, L. (2004). Current guidelines in the pharmacological management of chronic heart failure. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 5: S11-S16 [Abstract]  
• Ghali, J. K., Krause-Steinrauf, H. J., Adams, K. F. Jr, Khan, S. S., Rosenberg, Y. D., Yancy, C. W. Jr, Young, J. B., Goldman, S., Peberdy, M. A., Lindenfeld, J. (2003). Gender differences in advanced heart failure: insights from the BEST study. J Am Coll Cardiol 42: 2128-2134 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Baker, J. G., Hall, I. P., Hill, S. J. (2003). Agonist and Inverse Agonist Actions of {beta}-Blockers at the Human {beta}2-Adrenoceptor Provide Evidence for Agonist-Directed Signaling. Mol. Pharmacol. 64: 1357-1369 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lohse, M. J., Engelhardt, S., Eschenhagen, T. (2003). What Is the Role of {beta}-Adrenergic Signaling in Heart Failure?. Circ. Res. 93: 896-906 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Eichhorn, E. J., Grayburn, P. A., Mayer, S. A., St John Sutton, M., Appleton, C., Plehn, J., Oh, J., Greenberg, B., DeMaria, A., Frantz, R., Krause-Steinrauf, H., for the BEST Investigators, (2003). Myocardial Contractile Reserve by Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Predicts Improvement in Ejection Fraction With {beta}-Blockade in Patients With Heart Failure: The {beta}-Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial (BEST). Circulation 108: 2336-2341 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bello, D., Shah, D. J., Farah, G. M., Di Luzio, S., Parker, M., Johnson, M. R., Cotts, W. G., Klocke, F. J., Bonow, R. O., Judd, R. M., Gheorghiade, M., Kim, R. J. (2003). Gadolinium Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Predicts Reversible Myocardial Dysfunction and Remodeling in Patients With Heart Failure Undergoing {beta}-Blocker Therapy. Circulation 108: 1945-1953 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lindenfeld, J., Ghali, J. K., Krause-Steinrauf, H. J., Khan, S., Adams, K. Jr, Goldman, S., Peberdy, M. A., Yancy, C., Thaneemit-Chen, S., Larsen, R. L., Young, J., Lowes, B., Rosenberg, Y. D., BEST Investigators, (2003). Hormone replacement therapy is associated with improved survival in women with advanced heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 42: 1238-1245 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Petitti, D. B. (2003). New hope for hormone replacement and the heart?. J Am Coll Cardiol 42: 1246-1248 [Full Text]  
• Toyama, T., Hoshizaki, H., Seki, R., Isobe, N., Adachi, H., Naito, S., Oshima, S., Taniguchi, K. (2003). Efficacy of Carvedilol Treatment on Cardiac Function and Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Comparison with Metoprolol Therapy. JNM 44: 1604-1611 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Domanski, M., Krause-Steinrauf, H., Deedwania, P., Follmann, D., Ghali, J. K., Gilbert, E., Haffner, S., Katz, R., Lindenfeld, J., Lowes, B. D., Martin, W., McGrew, F., Bristow, M. R., BEST Investigators, (2003). The effect of diabetes on outcomes of patients with advanced heart failure in the BEST trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 42: 914-922 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Liang, C.-s. (2003). Sympatholysis and cardiac sympathetic nerve function in the treatment of congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 42: 549-551 [Full Text]  
• Maack, C., Bohm, M., Vlaskin, L., Dabew, E., Lorenz, K., Schafers, H.-J., Lohse, M. J., Engelhardt, S. (2003). Partial Agonist Activity of Bucindolol Is Dependent on the Activation State of the Human {beta}1-Adrenergic Receptor. Circulation 108: 348-353 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Baker, J. G., Hall, I. P., Hill, S. J. (2003). Agonist Actions of "{beta}-Blockers" Provide Evidence for Two Agonist Activation Sites or Conformations of the Human {beta}1-Adrenoceptor. Mol. Pharmacol. 63: 1312-1321 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nohria, A., Tsang, S. W., Fang, J. C., Lewis, E. F., Jarcho, J. A., Mudge, G. H., Stevenson, L. W. (2003). Clinical assessment identifies hemodynamic profiles that predict outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 1797-1804 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shekelle, P. G., Rich, M. W., Morton, S. C., Atkinson, Col. S. W., Tu, W., Maglione, M., Rhodes, S., Barrett, M., Fonarow, G. C., Greenberg, B., Heidenreich, P. A., Knabel, T., Konstam, M. A., Steimle, A., Warner Stevenson, L. (2003). Efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers in the management of left ventricular systolic dysfunction according to race, gender, and diabetic status: A meta-analysis of major clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 1529-1538 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tangeman, H. J, Patterson, J H. (2003). Extended-Release Metoprolol Succinate in Chronic Heart Failure. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37: 701-710 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gheorghiade, M., Colucci, W. S., Swedberg, K. (2003). {beta}-Blockers in Chronic Heart Failure. Circulation 107: 1570-1575 [Full Text]  
• Bristow, M. (2003). Antiadrenergic Therapy of Chronic Heart Failure: Surprises and New Opportunities. Circulation 107: 1100-1102 [Full Text]  
• Singh, B. N. (2003). Ventricular Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation: What is the Optimal Rate? The Concept of Controlling the Heart Rate Burden. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER 8: 1-3  
• Krum, H., Roecker, E. B., Mohacsi, P., Rouleau, J. L., Tendera, M., Coats, A. J. S., Katus, H. A., Fowler, M. B., Packer, M., for the Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulati, (2003). Effects of Initiating Carvedilol in Patients With Severe Chronic Heart Failure: Results From the COPERNICUS Study. JAMA 289: 712-718 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jessup, M. (2003). The less familiar face of heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 224-226 [Full Text]  
• Nishio, R., Shioi, T., Sasayama, S., Matsumori, A. (2003). Carvedilol increases the production of interleukin-12 and interferon-{gamma} and improves the survival of mice infected with the encephalomyocarditis virus. J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 340-345 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ellison, K. E., Hafley, G. E., Hickey, K., Kellen, J., Coromilas, J., Stein, K. M., Lee, K. L., Buxton, A. E., for the MUSTT Investigators, (2002). Effect of {beta}-Blocking Therapy on Outcome in the Multicenter UnSustained Tachycardia Trial (MUSTT). Circulation 106: 2694-2699 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cohn, J. N. (2002). Sympathetic Nervous System in Heart Failure. Circulation 106: 2417-2418 [Full Text]  
• Latini, R., Masson, S., Anand, I., Judd, D., Maggioni, A. P., Chiang, Y.-T., Bevilacqua, M., Salio, M., Cardano, P., Dunselman, P. H.J.M., Holwerda, N. J., Tognoni, G., Cohn, J. N., for the Val-HeFT Investigators, (2002). Effects of Valsartan on Circulating Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Norepinephrine in Symptomatic Chronic Heart Failure: The Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). Circulation 106: 2454-2458 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chassot, P.-G., Delabays, A., Spahn, D. R. (2002). Preoperative evaluation of patients with, or at risk of, coronary artery disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 89: 747-759 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wollert, K. C., Drexler, H. (2002). Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival (COPERNICUS) Trial: Carvedilol as the Sun and Center of the {beta}-Blocker World?. Circulation 106: 2164-2166 [Full Text]  
• Hajjar, R. J., MacRae, C. A. (2002). Adrenergic-Receptor Polymorphisms and Heart Failure. NEJM 347: 1196-1199 [Full Text]  
• DeMets, D. L., Califf, R. M. (2002). Lessons Learned From Recent Cardiovascular Clinical Trials: Part II. Circulation 106: 880-886 [Full Text]  
• DeMets, D. L., Califf, R. M. (2002). Lessons Learned From Recent Cardiovascular Clinical Trials: Part I. Circulation 106: 746-751 [Full Text]  
• Bobadilla, R. V. (2002). Current research on carvedilol in heart failure. Crit Care Nurse 22: 14-16 [Full Text]  
• Gheorghiade, M., Goldstein, S. (2002). {beta}-Blockers in the Post-Myocardial Infarction Patient. Circulation 106: 394-398 [Full Text]  
• Dries, D. L., Strong, M. H., Cooper, R. S., Drazner, M. H. (2002). Efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in reducing progression from asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction to symptomatic heart failure in black and white patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 40: 311-317 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ko, D. T., Hebert, P. R., Coffey, C. S., Sedrakyan, A., Curtis, J. P., Krumholz, H. M. (2002). {beta}-Blocker Therapy and Symptoms of Depression, Fatigue, and Sexual Dysfunction. JAMA 288: 351-357 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kennedy, H. L., Rosenson, R. S. (2002). Physicians' interpretation of "class effects": A need for thoughtful re-evaluation. J Am Coll Cardiol 40: 19-26 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Andreka, P., Aiyar, N., Olson, L. C., Wei, J. Q., Turner, M. S., Webster, K. A., Ohlstein, E. H., Bishopric, N. H. (2002). Bucindolol Displays Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity in Human Myocardium. Circulation 105: 2429-2434 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Krum, H., McMurray, J. J. (2002). Statins and chronic heart failure: do we need a large-scale outcome trial?. J Am Coll Cardiol 39: 1567-1573 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McMurray, J., Pfeffer, M. A. (2002). New Therapeutic Options in Congestive Heart Failure: Part II. Circulation 105: 2223-2228 [Full Text]  
• Ferguson, T. B. Jr, Coombs, L. P., Peterson, E. D., for the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Adul, (2002). Preoperative {beta}-Blocker Use and Mortality and Morbidity Following CABG Surgery in North America. JAMA 287: 2221-2227 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Merlet, P., Hittinger, L., Dubois-Rande, J. L., Castaigne, A. (2002). Myocardial Adrenergic Dysinnervation in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Cornerstone or Epiphenomenon?. JNM 43: 536-539 [Full Text]  
• Goldstein, S. (2002). Benefits of {beta}-Blocker Therapy for Heart Failure: Weighing the Evidence. Arch Intern Med 162: 641-648 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bundkirchen, A., Brixius, K., Bolck, B., Schwinger, R. H. G. (2002). Bucindolol Exerts Agonistic Activity on the Propranolol-Insensitive State of beta 1-Adrenoceptors in Human Myocardium. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 300: 794-801 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Foody, J. M., Farrell, M. H., Krumholz, H. M. (2002). {beta}-Blocker Therapy in Heart Failure: Scientific Review. JAMA 287: 883-889 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Farrell, M. H., Foody, J. M., Krumholz, H. M. (2002). {beta}-Blockers in Heart Failure: Clinical Applications. JAMA 287: 890-897 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Black, W. C., Haggstrom, D. A., Gilbert Welch, H. (2002). All-Cause Mortality in Randomized Trials of Cancer Screening. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 94: 167-173 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Massie, B. M. (2002). Neurohormonal blockade in chronic heart failure: How much is enough? can there be too much?. J Am Coll Cardiol 39: 79-82 [Full Text]