FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 345:1091-1097 October 11, 2001 Number 15 Next

	Full Text PDF Editorial by Muss, H. B. Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background Adjuvant chemotherapy is standard treatment for patients with resected colon cancer who are at high risk for recurrence, but the efficacy and toxicity of such treatment in patients more than 70 years of age are controversial.

Methods We performed a pooled analysis, based on the intention to treat, of individual patient data from seven phase 3 randomized trials (involving 3351 patients) in which the effects of postoperative fluorouracil plus leucovorin (five trials) or fluorouracil plus levamisole (two trials) were compared with the effects of surgery alone in patients with stage II or III colon cancer. The patients were grouped into four age categories of equal size, and analyses were repeated with 10-year age ranges (50, 51 to 60, 61 to 70, and >70 years), with the same conclusions. The toxic effects measured in all trials were nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, and leukopenia. Patients in the fluorouracil-plus-leucovorin and fluorouracil-plus-levamisole groups were combined for the efficacy analysis but kept separate for toxicity analyses.

Results Adjuvant treatment had a significant positive effect on both overall survival and time to tumor recurrence (P<0.001 for each, with hazard ratios of death and recurrence of 0.76 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.68 to 0.85] and 0.68 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.76], respectively). The five-year overall survival was 71 percent for those who received adjuvant therapy, as compared with 64 percent for those untreated. No significant interaction was observed between age and the efficacy of treatment. The incidence of toxic effects was not increased among the elderly (age >70 years), except for leukopenia in one study.

Conclusions Selected elderly patients with colon cancer can receive the same benefit from fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy as their younger counterparts, without a significant increase in toxic effects.

Source Information

From the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (D.J.S., R.M.G., S.D.J.); St. Vincent Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York (J.S.M.); Ospedali Riunit, Bergamo, Italy (R.L.); the University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia (D.G.H.); the National Cancer Institute of Canada, Queens University, Kingston, Ont. (L.E.S.); the University of the Mediterranean, Marseilles, France (J.F.S.); and the University of Siena, Siena, Italy (G.F.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Sargent at the Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905.

Full Text of this Article

This article has been cited by other articles:

• van Steenbergen, L. N., Rutten, H. J. T., Creemers, G. J., Pruijt, J. F. M., Coebergh, J. W. W., Lemmens, V. E. P. P. (2009). Large age and hospital-dependent variation in administration of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer in southern Netherlands. Ann Oncol 0: mdp482v1-mdp482 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hines, R. B., Chatla, C., Bumpers, H. L., Waterbor, J. W., McGwin, G. Jr, Funkhouser, E., Coffey, C. S., Posey, J., Manne, U. (2009). Predictive Capacity of Three Comorbidity Indices in Estimating Mortality After Surgery for Colon Cancer. JCO 27: 4339-4345 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sargent, D., Sobrero, A., Grothey, A., O'Connell, M. J., Buyse, M., Andre, T., Zheng, Y., Green, E., Labianca, R., O'Callaghan, C., Seitz, J. F., Francini, G., Haller, D., Yothers, G., Goldberg, R., de Gramont, A. (2009). Evidence for Cure by Adjuvant Therapy in Colon Cancer: Observations Based on Individual Patient Data From 20,898 Patients on 18 Randomized Trials. JCO 27: 872-877 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kabbinavar, F. F., Hurwitz, H. I., Yi, J., Sarkar, S., Rosen, O. (2009). Addition of Bevacizumab to Fluorouracil-Based First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Pooled Analysis of Cohorts of Older Patients From Two Randomized Clinical Trials. JCO 27: 199-205 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Papamichael, D., Audisio, R., Horiot, J.-C., Glimelius, B., Sastre, J., Mitry, E., Van Cutsem, E., Gosney, M., Kohne, C.-H., Aapro, M. (2009). Treatment of the elderly colorectal cancer patient: SIOG expert recommendations. Ann Oncol 20: 5-16 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sanoff, H. K., Sargent, D. J., Campbell, M. E., Morton, R. F., Fuchs, C. S., Ramanathan, R. K., Williamson, S. K., Findlay, B. P., Pitot, H. C., Goldberg, R. M. (2008). Five-Year Data and Prognostic Factor Analysis of Oxaliplatin and Irinotecan Combinations for Advanced Colorectal Cancer: N9741. JCO 26: 5721-5727 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ananda, S., Field, K. M., Kosmider, S., Compston, D., Desai, J., Lim, L. C., Barnett, F. S., Jones, I. T., Skinner, I., Gibbs, P. (2008). Patient Age and Comorbidity Are Major Determinants of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Use for Stage III Colon Cancer in Routine Clinical Practice. JCO 26: 4516-4517 [Full Text]  
• Zlobec, I., Terracciano, L. M., Lugli, A. (2008). Local Recurrence in Mismatch Repair-Proficient Colon Cancer Predicted by an Infiltrative Tumor Border and Lack of CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Clin. Cancer Res. 14: 3792-3797 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schwartz, R. N. (2008). Management of early and advanced colorectal cancer: Therapeutic issues. Am J Health Syst Pharm 65: S8-S14 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Keating, N. L., Landrum, M. B., Klabunde, C. N., Fletcher, R. H., Rogers, S. O., Doucette, W. R., Tisnado, D., Clauser, S., Kahn, K. L. (2008). Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage III Colon Cancer: Do Physicians Agree About the Importance of Patient Age and Comorbidity?. JCO 26: 2532-2537 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Field, K. M., Kosmider, S., Jefford, M., Michael, M., Jennens, R., Green, M., Gibbs, P. (2008). Chemotherapy Dosing Strategies in the Obese, Elderly, and Thin Patient: Results of a Nationwide Survey. J Oncol Pract 4: 108-113 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kohne, C.-H., Folprecht, G., Goldberg, R. M., Mitry, E., Rougier, P. (2008). Chemotherapy in Elderly Patients with Colorectal Cancer. The Oncologist 13: 390-402 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Folprecht, G., Seymour, M. T., Saltz, L., Douillard, J.-Y., Hecker, H., Stephens, R. J., Maughan, T. S., Van Cutsem, E., Rougier, P., Mitry, E., Schubert, U., Kohne, C.-H. (2008). Irinotecan/Fluorouracil Combination in First-Line Therapy of Older and Younger Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Combined Analysis of 2,691 Patients in Randomized Controlled Trials. JCO 26: 1443-1451 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bradley, C. J., Given, C. W., Dahman, B., Fitzgerald, T. L. (2008). Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Resection in Elderly Medicare and Medicaid Patients With Colon Cancer. Arch Intern Med 168: 521-529 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Landrum, M. B., Meara, E. R., Chandra, A., Guadagnoli, E., Keating, N. L. (2008). Is Spending More Always Wasteful? The Appropriateness Of Care And Outcomes Among Colorectal Cancer Patients. Health Aff (Millwood) 27: 159-168 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lichtman, S. M. (2008). Pharmacology of Antineoplastic Agents for Older Patients. Am Soc Clin Oncol Ed Book 2008: 210-214 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hochster, H. S., Luo, W., Popa, E. C., Lyman, B. T., Mulcahy, M., Beatty, P. A., Benson, A. B. (2007). Phase II Study of Uracil-Tegafur With Leucovorin in Elderly (>= 75 years old) Patients With Colorectal Cancer: ECOG 1299. JCO 25: 5397-5402 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Elkin, E. B., Kim, S. H.M., Casper, E. S., Kissane, D. W., Schrag, D. (2007). Desire for Information and Involvement in Treatment Decisions: Elderly Cancer Patients' Preferences and Their Physicians' Perceptions. JCO 25: 5275-5280 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lichtman, S. M., Wildiers, H., Chatelut, E., Steer, C., Budman, D., Morrison, V. A., Tranchand, B., Shapira, I., Aapro, M. (2007). International Society of Geriatric Oncology Chemotherapy Taskforce: Evaluation of Chemotherapy in Older Patients--An Analysis of the Medical Literature. JCO 25: 1832-1843 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Muss, H. B., Biganzoli, L., Sargent, D. J., Aapro, M. (2007). Adjuvant Therapy in the Elderly: Making the Right Decision. JCO 25: 1870-1875 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Terret, C., Zulian, G. B., Naiem, A., Albrand, G. (2007). Multidisciplinary Approach to the Geriatric Oncology Patient. JCO 25: 1876-1881 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sanoff, H. K., Bleiberg, H., Goldberg, R. M. (2007). Managing Older Patients With Colorectal Cancer. JCO 25: 1891-1897 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rodin, M. B., Mohile, S. G. (2007). A Practical Approach to Geriatric Assessment in Oncology. JCO 25: 1936-1944 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wolpin, B. M., Meyerhardt, J. A., Mamon, H. J., Mayer, R. J. (2007). Adjuvant Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 57: 168-185 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gelibter, A. J., Di Segni, S., Zeuli, M., Milella, M., Ferretti, G., Nuzzo, C., Cognetti, F. (2007). Old Age: Biologic Versus Chronologic. JCO 25: e8-e8 [Full Text]  
• Gill, S., Blackstock, A. W., Goldberg, R. M. (2007). Colorectal Cancer. Mayo Clin Proc. 82: 114-129 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Locker, G. Y., Hamilton, S., Harris, J., Jessup, J. M., Kemeny, N., Macdonald, J. S., Somerfield, M. R., Hayes, D. F., Bast, R. C. Jr (2006). ASCO 2006 Update of Recommendations for the Use of Tumor Markers in Gastrointestinal Cancer. JCO 24: 5313-5327 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Luo, R., Giordano, S. H., Freeman, J. L., Zhang, D., Goodwin, J. S. (2006). Referral to Medical Oncology: A Crucial Step in the Treatment of Older Patients with Stage III Colon Cancer. The Oncologist 11: 1025-1033 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Goldberg, R. M., Tabah-Fisch, I., Bleiberg, H., de Gramont, A., Tournigand, C., Andre, T., Rothenberg, M. L., Green, E., Sargent, D. J. (2006). Pooled Analysis of Safety and Efficacy of Oxaliplatin Plus Fluorouracil/Leucovorin Administered Bimonthly in Elderly Patients With Colorectal Cancer. JCO 24: 4085-4091 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gill, S., Sargent, D. (2006). End points for adjuvant therapy trials: has the time come to accept disease-free survival as a surrogate end point for overall survival?. The Oncologist 11: 624-629 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Neugut, A. I., Matasar, M., Wang, X., McBride, R., Jacobson, J. S., Tsai, W.-Y., Grann, V. R., Hershman, D. L. (2006). Duration of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer and Survival Among the Elderly. JCO 24: 2368-2375 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dobie, S. A., Baldwin, L.-M., Dominitz, J. A., Matthews, B., Billingsley, K., Barlow, W. (2006). Completion of therapy by Medicare patients with stage III colon cancer.. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 98: 610-619 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Adams, V. R. (2006). Evolving role of antineoplastic agents in colorectal cancer. Am J Health Syst Pharm 63: S4-S11 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Trimble, E. L., Christian, M. C. (2006). Cancer treatment and the older patient.. Clin. Cancer Res. 12: 1956-1957 [Full Text]  
• Burdette-Radoux, S., Muss, H. B. (2006). Adjuvant chemotherapy in the elderly: whom to treat, what regimen?. The Oncologist 11: 234-242 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jessup, J. M., Stewart, A., Greene, F. L., Minsky, B. D. (2005). Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage III Colon Cancer: Implications of Race/Ethnicity, Age, and Differentiation. JAMA 294: 2703-2711 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Haller, D. G., Catalano, P. J., Macdonald, J. S., O'Rourke, M. A., Frontiera, M. S., Jackson, D. V., Mayer, R. J. (2005). Phase III Study of Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Levamisole in High-Risk Stage II and III Colon Cancer: Final Report of Intergroup 0089. JCO 23: 8671-8678 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sargent, D. J., Wieand, H. S., Haller, D. G., Gray, R., Benedetti, J. K., Buyse, M., Labianca, R., Seitz, J. F., O'Callaghan, C. J., Francini, G., Grothey, A., O'Connell, M., Catalano, P. J., Blanke, C. D., Kerr, D., Green, E., Wolmark, N., Andre, T., Goldberg, R. M., De Gramont, A. (2005). Disease-Free Survival Versus Overall Survival As a Primary End Point for Adjuvant Colon Cancer Studies: Individual Patient Data From 20,898 Patients on 18 Randomized Trials. JCO 23: 8664-8670 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Du, X. L., Jones, D. V., Zhang, D. (2005). Effectiveness of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Node-Positive Operable Breast Cancer in Older Women. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60: 1137-1144 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wasil, T., Lichtman, S. M. (2005). Clinical Pharmacology Issues Relevant to the Dosing and Toxicity of Chemotherapy Drugs in the Elderly. The Oncologist 10: 602-612 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Baldwin, L.-M., Dobie, S. A., Billingsley, K., Cai, Y., Wright, G. E., Dominitz, J. A., Barlow, W., Warren, J. L., Taplin, S. H. (2005). Explaining Black-White Differences in Receipt of Recommended Colon Cancer Treatment. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 97: 1211-1220 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Andre, N, Schmiegel, W (2005). CHEMORADIOTHERAPY FOR COLORECTAL CANCER. Gut 54: 1194-1202 [Full Text]  
• Rossi, A., Maione, P., Colantuoni, G., Guerriero, C., Ferrara, C., Del Gaizo, F., Nicolella, D., Gridelli, C. (2005). Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Elderly. The Oncologist 10: 399-411 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Grothey, A., Sargent, D. J. (2005). FOLFOX for Stage II Colon Cancer? A Commentary on the Recent FDA Approval of Oxaliplatin for Adjuvant Therapy of Stage III Colon Cancer. JCO 23: 3311-3313 [Full Text]  
• Lemmens, V. E. P. P., van Halteren, A. H., Janssen-Heijnen, M. L. G., Vreugdenhil, G., Repelaer van Driel, O. J., Coebergh, J. W. W. (2005). Adjuvant treatment for elderly patients with stage III colon cancer in the southern Netherlands is affected by socioeconomic status, gender, and comorbidity. Ann Oncol 16: 767-772 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Aapro, M. S., Kohne, C.-H., Cohen, H. J., Extermann, M. (2005). Never Too Old? Age Should Not Be a Barrier to Enrollment in Cancer Clinical Trials. The Oncologist 10: 198-204 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• ten Tije, A. J., Verweij, J., Carducci, M. A., Graveland, W., Rogers, T., Pronk, T., Verbruggen, M.P., Dawkins, F., Baker, S. D. (2005). Prospective Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity Profile of Docetaxel in the Elderly. JCO 23: 1070-1077 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Meyerhardt, J. A., Mayer, R. J. (2005). Systemic Therapy for Colorectal Cancer. NEJM 352: 476-487 [Full Text]  
• Bamias, A., Efstathiou, E., Moulopoulos, L. A., Gika, D., Hamilos, G., Zorzou, M. P., Kakoyiannis, C., Kastritis, E., Bozas, G., Papadimitriou, C., Dimopoulos, M. A. (2005). The outcome of elderly patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma after platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 16: 307-313 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Alberts, S. R., Sargent, D. J., Gill, S., Loprinzi, C. L. (2005). In Reply. JCO 23: 654-655 [Full Text]  
• Talarico, L., Chen, G., Pazdur, R. (2004). Enrollment of Elderly Patients in Clinical Trials for Cancer Drug Registration: A 7-Year Experience by the US Food and Drug Administration. JCO 22: 4626-4631 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Temple, L. K.F., Hsieh, L., Wong, W. D., Saltz, L., Schrag, D. (2004). Use of Surgery Among Elderly Patients With Stage IV Colorectal Cancer. JCO 22: 3475-3484 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Folprecht, G., Cunningham, D., Ross, P., Glimelius, B., Di Costanzo, F., Wils, J., Scheithauer, W., Rougier, P., Aranda, E., Hecker, H., Kohne, C.-H. (2004). Efficacy of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of clinical trials. Ann Oncol 15: 1330-1338 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Figueredo, A., Charette, M. L., Maroun, J., Brouwers, M. C., Zuraw, L. (2004). Adjuvant Therapy for Stage II Colon Cancer: A Systematic Review From the Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-Based Care's Gastrointestinal Cancer Disease Site Group. JCO 22: 3395-3407 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Benson, A. B. III, Schrag, D., Somerfield, M. R., Cohen, A. M., Figueredo, A. T., Flynn, P. J., Krzyzanowska, M. K., Maroun, J., McAllister, P., Van Cutsem, E., Brouwers, M., Charette, M., Haller, D. G. (2004). American Society of Clinical Oncology Recommendations on Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage II Colon Cancer. JCO 22: 3408-3419 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Labianca, R., Fossati, R., Zaniboni, A., Torri, V., Marsoni, S., Nitti, D., Boffi, L., Scatizzi, M., Tardio, B., Mastrodonato, N., Banducci, S., Consani, G., Pancera, G. (2004). Randomized Trial of Intraportal and/or Systemic Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Colon Carcinoma. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 96: 750-758 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gill, S., Loprinzi, C. L., Sargent, D. J., Thome, S. D., Alberts, S. R., Haller, D. G., Benedetti, J., Francini, G., Shepherd, L. E., Francois Seitz, J., Labianca, R., Chen, W., Cha, S. S., Heldebrant, M. P., Goldberg, R. M. (2004). Pooled Analysis of Fluorouracil-Based Adjuvant Therapy for Stage II and III Colon Cancer: Who Benefits and by How Much?. JCO 22: 1797-1806 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Innocenti, F., Undevia, S. D., Iyer, L., Xian Chen, P., Das, S., Kocherginsky, M., Karrison, T., Janisch, L., Ramirez, J., Rudin, C. M., Vokes, E. E., Ratain, M. J. (2004). Genetic Variants in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 Gene Predict the Risk of Severe Neutropenia of Irinotecan. JCO 22: 1382-1388 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• (2004). Efficacy of Oral Adjuvant Therapy After Resection of Colorectal Cancer: 5-Year Results From Three Randomized Trials. JCO 22: 484-492 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Argiris, A., Li, Y., Murphy, B. A., Langer, C. J., Forastiere, A. A. (2004). Outcome of Elderly Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy. JCO 22: 262-268 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Du, X. L., Key, C. R. (2003). Chemotherapy in Women with Breast Cancer. ANN INTERN MED 139: 868-869 [Full Text]  
• Monson, K., Litvak, D. A., Bold, R. J. (2003). Surgery in the Aged Population: Surgical Oncology. Arch Surg 138: 1061-1067 [Full Text]  
• Sequist, L. V., Lynch, T. J. (2003). Aggressive Treatment for the Fit Elderly With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer? Yes!. JCO 21: 3186-3188 [Full Text]  
• Hennessy, B.T., Hanrahan, E.O., Breathnach, O.S. (2003). Chemotherapy Options for the Elderly Patient with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. The Oncologist 8: 270-277 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yee, K. W.L., Pater, J. L., Pho, L., Zee, B., Siu, L. L. (2003). Enrollment of Older Patients in Cancer Treatment Trials in Canada: Why is Age a Barrier?. JCO 21: 1618-1623 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ayanian, J. Z., Zaslavsky, A. M., Fuchs, C. S., Guadagnoli, E., Creech, C. M., Cress, R. D., O'Connor, L. C., West, D. W., Allen, M. E., Wolf, R. E., Wright, W. E. (2003). Use of Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Colorectal Cancer in a Population-Based Cohort. JCO 21: 1293-1300 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lewis, J. H., Kilgore, M. L., Goldman, D. P., Trimble, E. L., Kaplan, R., Montello, M. J., Housman, M. G., Escarce, J. J. (2003). Participation of Patients 65 Years of Age or Older in Cancer Clinical Trials. JCO 21: 1383-1389 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Iwashyna, T. J., Lamont, E. B. (2002). Effectiveness of Adjuvant Fluorouracil in Clinical Practice: A Population-Based Cohort Study of Elderly Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer. JCO 20: 3992-3998 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schrag, D., Rifas-Shiman, S., Saltz, L., Bach, P. B., Begg, C. B. (2002). Adjuvant Chemotherapy Use for Medicare Beneficiaries With Stage II Colon Cancer. JCO 20: 3999-4005 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Neugut, A. I., Fleischauer, A. T., Sundararajan, V., Mitra, N., Heitjan, D. F., Jacobson, J. S., Grann, V. R. (2002). Use of Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Rectal Cancer Among the Elderly: A Population-Based Study. JCO 20: 2643-2650 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sundararajan, V., Mitra, N., Jacobson, J. S., Grann, V. R., Heitjan, D. F., Neugut, A. I. (2002). Survival Associated with 5-Fluorouracil-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy among Elderly Patients with Node-Positive Colon Cancer. ANN INTERN MED 136: 349-357 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Perrone, F., Gallo, C., Daniele, B., Nauta, R. J., Warren, J. L., Brown, M. L., Sargent, D. J., Goldberg, R. M., Jacobson, S. D. (2002). Chemotherapy in the Elderly. NEJM 346: 622-623 [Full Text]  
• (2001). Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Resected Colon Cancer in the Elderly. JWatch Gastroenterology 2001: 3-3 [Full Text]  
• Muss, H. B. (2001). Older Age -- Not a Barrier to Cancer Treatment. NEJM 345: 1128-1129 [Full Text]