Peginterferon Alfa-2a plus Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Michael W. Fried, M.D., Mitchell L. Shiffman, M.D., K. Rajender Reddy, M.D., Coleman Smith, M.D., George Marinos, M.D., Fernando L. Gonçales, Jr., M.D., Dieter Häussinger, M.D., Moises Diago, M.D., Giampiero Carosi, M.D., Daniel Dhumeaux, M.D., Antonio Craxi, M.D., Amy Lin, M.S., Joseph Hoffman, M.D., and Jian Yu, M.D., Ph.D.
Background Treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a alone producessignificantly higher sustained virologic responses than treatmentwith interferon alfa-2a alone in patients with chronic hepatitisC virus (HCV) infection. We compared the efficacy and safetyof peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin, interferon alfa-2bplus ribavirin, and peginterferon alfa-2a alone in the initialtreatment of chronic hepatitis C.
Methods A total of 1121 patients were randomly assigned to treatmentand received at least one dose of study medication, consistingof 180 µg of peginterferon alfa-2a once weekly plus dailyribavirin (1000 or 1200 mg, depending on body weight), weeklypeginterferon alfa-2a plus daily placebo, or 3 million unitsof interferon alfa-2b thrice weekly plus daily ribavirin for48 weeks.
Results A significantly higher proportion of patients who receivedpeginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin had a sustained virologicresponse (defined as the absence of detectable HCV RNA 24 weeksafter cessation of therapy) than of patients who received interferonalfa-2b plus ribavirin (56 percent vs. 44 percent, P<0.001)or peginterferon alfa-2a alone (56 percent vs. 29 percent, P<0.001).The proportions of patients with HCV genotype 1 who had sustainedvirologic responses were 46 percent, 36 percent, and 21 percent,respectively, for the three regimens. Among patients with HCVgenotype 1 and high base-line levels of HCV RNA, the proportionsof those with sustained virologic responses were 41 percent,33 percent, and 13 percent, respectively. The overall safety profiles of the three treatment regimens were similar;the incidenceof influenza-like symptoms and depression was lower in the groupsreceiving peginterferon alfa-2a than in the group receivinginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin.
From the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.W.F.); the Medical College of Virginia, Richmond (M.L.S.); the University of Miami, Miami (K.R.R.); Minnesota Clinical Research Center, St. Paul (C.S.); Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, N.S.W., Australia (G.M.); Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, Brazil (F.L.G.); Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (D.H.); General Universitario, Valencia, Spain (M.D.); Università degli Studi Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.C.); Hôpital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France (D.D.); University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (A.C.); and Hoffmann–LaRoche, Nutley, N.J. (J.H., A.L., J.Y.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Fried at the University of North Carolina, CB# 7080, Rm. 708, Burnett Womack Bldg., Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
Hraber, P., Kuiken, C., Waugh, M., Geer, S., Bruno, W. J., Leitner, T.
(2008). Classification of hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus-1 sequences with the branching index. J. Gen. Virol.
89: 2098-2107
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kimura, T., Imamura, M., Hiraga, N., Hatakeyama, T., Miki, D., Noguchi, C., Mori, N., Tsuge, M., Takahashi, S., Fujimoto, Y., Iwao, E., Ochi, H., Abe, H., Maekawa, T., Arataki, K., Tateno, C., Yoshizato, K., Wakita, T., Okamoto, T., Matsuura, Y., Chayama, K.
(2008). Establishment of an infectious genotype 1b hepatitis C virus clone in human hepatocyte chimeric mice. J. Gen. Virol.
89: 2108-2113
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lin, Y., Kwon, T., Polo, J., Zhu, Y.-F., Coates, S., Crawford, K., Dong, C., Wininger, M., Hall, J., Selby, M., Coit, D., Medina-Selby, A., McCoin, C., Ng, P., Drane, D., Chien, D., Han, J., Vajdy, M., Houghton, M.
(2008). Induction of Broad CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Responses and Cross- Neutralizing Antibodies against Hepatitis C Virus by Vaccination with Th1-Adjuvanted Polypeptides Followed by Defective Alphaviral Particles Expressing Envelope Glycoproteins gpE1 and gpE2 and Nonstructural Proteins 3, 4, and 5 . J. Virol.
82: 7492-7503
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mimura, I., Ishibashi, Y., Tateishi, R., Kaname, S., Fujita, T.
(2008). Pegylated interferon alpha-2a monotherapy in a peritoneal dialysis patient with chronic hepatitis C. NDT Plus
1: 233-235
[Abstract][Full Text]
Harmatz, P., Jonas, M. M., Kwiatkowski, J. L., Wright, E. C., Fischer, R., Vichinsky, E., Giardina, P. J., Neufeld, E. J., Porter, J., Olivieri, N., for the Thalassemia Clinical Research Network,
(2008). Safety and efficacy of pegylated interferon {alpha}-2a and ribavirin for the treatment of hepatitis C in patients with thalassemia. haematol
93: 1247-1251
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yamane, A., Nakamura, T., Suzuki, H., Ito, M., Ohnishi, Y., Ikeda, Y., Miyakawa, Y.
(2008). Interferon-{alpha}2b-induced thrombocytopenia is caused by inhibition of platelet production but not proliferation and endomitosis in human megakaryocytes. Blood
112: 542-550
[Abstract][Full Text]
Le Pogam, S., Seshaadri, A., Kosaka, A., Chiu, S., Kang, H., Hu, S., Rajyaguru, S., Symons, J., Cammack, N., Najera, I.
(2008). Existence of hepatitis C virus NS5B variants naturally resistant to non-nucleoside, but not to nucleoside, polymerase inhibitors among untreated patients. J Antimicrob Chemother
61: 1205-1216
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sarasin-Filipowicz, M., Oakeley, E. J., Duong, F. H. T., Christen, V., Terracciano, L., Filipowicz, W., Heim, M. H.
(2008). Interferon signaling and treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
105: 7034-7039
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dieperink, E., Leskela, J., Dieperink, M. E., Evans, B., Thuras, P., Ho, S. B.
(2008). The Effect of Pegylated Interferon-{alpha}2b and Ribavirin on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms. Psychosomatics
49: 225-229
[Abstract][Full Text]
McCown, M. F., Rajyaguru, S., Le Pogam, S., Ali, S., Jiang, W.-R., Kang, H., Symons, J., Cammack, N., Najera, I.
(2008). The Hepatitis C Virus Replicon Presents a Higher Barrier to Resistance to Nucleoside Analogs than to Nonnucleoside Polymerase or Protease Inhibitors. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
52: 1604-1612
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rousseau, C. M., Ioannou, G. N., Todd-Stenberg, J. A., Sloan, K. L., Larson, M. F., Forsberg, C. W., Dominitz, J. A.
(2008). Racial Differences in the Evaluation and Treatment of Hepatitis C Among Veterans: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Am. J. Public Health
98: 846-852
[Abstract][Full Text]
Persico, M, Capasso, M, Russo, R, Persico, E, Croce, L, Tiribelli, C, Iolascon, A
(2008). Elevated expression and polymorphisms of SOCS3 influence patient response to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Gut
57: 507-515
[Abstract][Full Text]
Asselah, T, Bieche, I, Narguet, S, Sabbagh, A, Laurendeau, I, Ripault, M-P, Boyer, N, Martinot-Peignoux, M, Valla, D, Vidaud, M, Marcellin, P
(2008). Liver gene expression signature to predict response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gut
57: 516-524
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kraus, M R, Schafer, A, Schottker, K, Keicher, C, Weissbrich, B, Hofbauer, I, Scheurlen, M
(2008). Therapy of interferon-induced depression in chronic hepatitis C with citalopram: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gut
57: 531-536
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cross, T J S, Antoniades, C G, Harrison, P M
(2008). Current and future management of chronic hepatitis C infection. Postgrad. Med. J.
84: 172-176
[Abstract][Full Text]
Golden-Mason, L., Klarquist, J., Wahed, A. S., Rosen, H. R.
(2008). Cutting Edge: Programmed Death-1 Expression Is Increased on Immunocytes in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus and Predicts Failure of Response to Antiviral Therapy: Race-Dependent Differences. J. Immunol.
180: 3637-3641
[Abstract][Full Text]
van Leusen, R., Adang, R. P. R., de Vries, R. A., Cnossen, T. T., Konings, C. J. A. M., Schalm, S. W., Tan, A. C. I. T. L.
(2008). Pegylated interferon alfa-2a (40 kD) and ribavirin in haemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C. Nephrol Dial Transplant
23: 721-725
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shi, S. T., Herlihy, K. J., Graham, J. P., Fuhrman, S. A., Doan, C., Parge, H., Hickey, M., Gao, J., Yu, X., Chau, F., Gonzalez, J., Li, H., Lewis, C., Patick, A. K., Duggal, R.
(2008). In Vitro Resistance Study of AG-021541, a Novel Nonnucleoside Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
52: 675-683
[Abstract][Full Text]
Klumpp, K., Kalayanov, G., Ma, H., Le Pogam, S., Leveque, V., Jiang, W.-R., Inocencio, N., De Witte, A., Rajyaguru, S., Tai, E., Chanda, S., Irwin, M. R., Sund, C., Winqist, A., Maltseva, T., Eriksson, S., Usova, E., Smith, M., Alker, A., Najera, I., Cammack, N., Martin, J. A., Johansson, N. G., Smith, D. B.
(2008). 2'-Deoxy-4'-azido Nucleoside Analogs Are Highly Potent Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Replication Despite the Lack of 2'-{alpha}-Hydroxyl Groups. J. Biol. Chem.
283: 2167-2175
[Abstract][Full Text]
Supekova, L., Supek, F., Lee, J., Chen, S., Gray, N., Pezacki, J. P., Schlapbach, A., Schultz, P. G.
(2008). Identification of Human Kinases Involved in Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Small Interference RNA Library Screening. J. Biol. Chem.
283: 29-36
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zhou, Y., Bartels, D. J., Hanzelka, B. L., Muh, U., Wei, Y., Chu, H.-M., Tigges, A. M., Brennan, D. L., Rao, B. G., Swenson, L., Kwong, A. D., Lin, C.
(2008). Phenotypic Characterization of Resistant Val36 Variants of Hepatitis C Virus NS3-4A Serine Protease. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
52: 110-120
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tasaka, M., Sakamoto, N., Itakura, Y., Nakagawa, M., Itsui, Y., Sekine-Osajima, Y., Nishimura-Sakurai, Y., Chen, C.-H., Yoneyama, M., Fujita, T., Wakita, T., Maekawa, S., Enomoto, N., Watanabe, M.
(2007). Hepatitis C virus non-structural proteins responsible for suppression of the RIG-I/Cardif-induced interferon response. J. Gen. Virol.
88: 3323-3333
[Abstract][Full Text]
Murray, K. F., Rodrigue, J. R., Gonzalez-Peralta, R. P., Shepherd, J., Barton, B. A., Robuck, P. R., Schwarz, K. B., for the PEDS-C Clinical Research Network,
(2007). Design of the PEDS-C trial: pegylated interferon +/- ribavirin for children with chronic hepatitis C viral infection. Clin Trials
4: 661-673
[Abstract]
Pineda, J. A., Mira, J. A., Gil, I. d. l. S., Valera-Bestard, B., Rivero, A., Merino, D., Giron-Gonzalez, J. A., Rios-Villegas, M. J., Gonzalez-Serrano, M., Collado, A., Garcia-Garcia, J. A., Carrillo-Gomez, R., Lopez-Cortes, L. F., Gomez-Mateos, J.
(2007). Influence of concomitant antiretroviral therapy on the rate of sustained virological response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in hepatitis C virus/HIV-coinfected patients. J Antimicrob Chemother
60: 1347-1354
[Abstract][Full Text]
Omata, M., Yoshida, H., Toyota, J., Tomita, E., Nishiguchi, S., Hayashi, N., Iino, S., Makino, I., Okita, K., Toda, G., Tanikawa, K., Kumada, H., for the Japanese C-Viral Hepatitis Network,
(2007). A large-scale, multicentre, double-blind trial of ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gut
56: 1747-1753
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kakazu, E., Kanno, N., Ueno, Y., Shimosegawa, T.
(2007). Extracellular Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Especially Valine, Regulate Maturation and Function of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. J. Immunol.
179: 7137-7146
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hmaied, F., Legrand-Abravanel, F., Nicot, F., Garrigues, N., Chapuy-Regaud, S., Dubois, M., Njouom, R., Izopet, J., Pasquier, C.
(2007). Full-length genome sequences of hepatitis C virus subtype 4f. J. Gen. Virol.
88: 2985-2990
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ma, H., Jiang, W.-R., Robledo, N., Leveque, V., Ali, S., Lara-Jaime, T., Masjedizadeh, M., Smith, D. B., Cammack, N., Klumpp, K., Symons, J.
(2007). Characterization of the Metabolic Activation of Hepatitis C Virus Nucleoside Inhibitor beta-D-2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine (PSI-6130) and Identification of a Novel Active 5'-Triphosphate Species. J. Biol. Chem.
282: 29812-29820
[Abstract][Full Text]
Decalf, J., Fernandes, S., Longman, R., Ahloulay, M., Audat, F., Lefrerre, F., Rice, C. M., Pol, S., Albert, M. L.
(2007). Plasmacytoid dendritic cells initiate a complex chemokine and cytokine network and are a viable drug target in chronic HCV patients. J. Exp. Med.
204: 2423-2437
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chang, K.-O., George, D. W.
(2007). Bile Acids Promote the Expression of Hepatitis C Virus in Replicon-Harboring Cells. J. Virol.
81: 9633-9640
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tuaillon, E., Mondain, A.-M., Ottomani, L., Roudiere, L., Perney, P., Picot, M.-C., Seguret, F., Blanc, F., Larrey, D., Van de Perre, P., Ducos, J.
(2007). Impact of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Genotypes on Quantification of HCV RNA in Serum by COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HCV Test, Abbott Antiretroviral Therapy HCV RealTime Assay, and VERSANT HCV RNA Assay. J. Clin. Microbiol.
45: 3077-3081
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chang, S., Dolganiuc, A., Szabo, G.
(2007). Toll-like receptors 1 and 6 are involved in TLR2-mediated macrophage activation by hepatitis C virus core and NS3 proteins. J. Leukoc. Biol.
82: 479-487
[Abstract][Full Text]
RUSTGI, V. K.
(2007). Thymalfasin for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Infection. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.
1112: 357-367
[Abstract][Full Text]
Riediger, C., Berberat, P. O., Sauer, P., Gotthardt, D., Weiss, K. H., Mehrabi, A., Merle, U., Stremmel, W., Encke, J.
(2007). Prophylaxis and treatment of recurrent viral hepatitis after liver transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant
22: viii37-viii46
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kim, C. S., Jung, J. H., Wakita, T., Yoon, S. K., Jang, S. K.
(2007). Monitoring the Antiviral Effect of Alpha Interferon on Individual Cells. J. Virol.
81: 8814-8820
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zhou, Y., Muh, U., Hanzelka, B. L., Bartels, D. J., Wei, Y., Rao, B. G., Brennan, D. L., Tigges, A. M., Swenson, L., Kwong, A. D., Lin, C.
(2007). Phenotypic and Structural Analyses of Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease Arg155 Variants: SENSITIVITY TO TELAPREVIR (VX-950) AND INTERFERON {alpha}. J. Biol. Chem.
282: 22619-22628
[Abstract][Full Text]
Torres-Puente, M., Cuevas, J. M., Jimenez-Hernandez, N., Bracho, M. A., Garcia-Robles, I., Carnicer, F., del Olmo, J., Ortega, E., Moya, A., Gonzalez-Candelas, F.
(2007). Contribution of insertions and deletions to the variability of hepatitis C virus populations. J. Gen. Virol.
88: 2198-2203
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sirohi, B, Powles, R, Lawrence, D, Treleaven, J, Kulkarni, S, Leary, A, Rudin, C, Horton, C, Morgan, G
(2007). An open, randomized, controlled, phase II, single centre, two-period cross-over study to compare the quality of life and toxicity experienced on PEG interferon with interferon-{alpha}2b in patients with multiple myeloma maintained on a steady dose of interferon-{alpha}2b. Ann Oncol
18: 1388-1394
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ticehurst, J. R., Hamzeh, F. M., Thomas, D. L.
(2007). Factors Affecting Serum Concentrations of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA in HCV Genotype 1-Infected Patients with Chronic Hepatitis. J. Clin. Microbiol.
45: 2426-2433
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lindh, M., Alestig, E., Arnholm, B., Eilard, A., Hellstrand, K., Lagging, M., Wahlberg, T., Wejstal, R., Westin, J., Norkrans, G.
(2007). Response Prediction and Treatment Tailoring for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection. J. Clin. Microbiol.
45: 2439-2445
[Abstract][Full Text]
Donlin, M. J., Cannon, N. A., Yao, E., Li, J., Wahed, A., Taylor, M. W., Belle, S. H., Di Bisceglie, A. M., Aurora, R., Tavis, J. E., for the Virahep-C Study Group,
(2007). Pretreatment Sequence Diversity Differences in the Full-Length Hepatitis C Virus Open Reading Frame Correlate with Early Response to Therapy. J. Virol.
81: 8211-8224
[Abstract][Full Text]
Payan, C., Pivert, A., Morand, P., Fafi-Kremer, S., Carrat, F., Pol, S., Cacoub, P., Perronne, C., Lunel, F., the ANRS HC02 RIBAVIC study team,
(2007). Rapid and early virological response to chronic hepatitis C treatment with IFN {alpha}2b or PEG-IFN {alpha}2b plus ribavirin in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Gut
56: 1111-1116
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chevaliez, S., Brillet, R., Lazaro, E., Hezode, C., Pawlotsky, J.-M.
(2007). Analysis of Ribavirin Mutagenicity in Human Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J. Virol.
81: 7732-7741
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shiffman, M. L., Suter, F., Bacon, B. R., Nelson, D., Harley, H., Sola, R., Shafran, S. D., Barange, K., Lin, A., Soman, A., Zeuzem, S., the ACCELERATE Investigators,
(2007). Peginterferon Alfa-2a and Ribavirin for 16 or 24 Weeks in HCV Genotype 2 or 3. NEJM
357: 124-134
[Abstract][Full Text]
Liang, T. J.
(2007). Shortened Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 2 or 3 -- Is Less More?. NEJM
357: 176-178
[Full Text]
Terrault, N. A., Adey, D. B.
(2007). The Kidney Transplant Recipient with Hepatitis C Infection: Pre- and Posttransplantation Treatment. CJASN
2: 563-575
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gupta, S. K., Sellers, E., Somoza, E., Angles, L., Kolz, K., Cutler, D. L.
(2007). The Effect of Multiple Doses of Peginterferon alfa-2b on the Steady-State Pharmacokinetics of Methadone in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Therapy. J Clin Pharmacol
47: 604-612
[Abstract][Full Text]
Legrand-Abravanel, F., Claudinon, J., Nicot, F., Dubois, M., Chapuy-Regaud, S., Sandres-Saune, K., Pasquier, C., Izopet, J.
(2007). New Natural Intergenotypic (2/5) Recombinant of Hepatitis C Virus. J. Virol.
81: 4357-4362
[Abstract][Full Text]
Taylor, M. W., Tsukahara, T., Brodsky, L., Schaley, J., Sanda, C., Stephens, M. J., McClintick, J. N., Edenberg, H. J., Li, L., Tavis, J. E., Howell, C., Belle, S. H., for the Virahep-C Study Group,
(2007). Changes in Gene Expression during Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin Therapy of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Distinguish Responders from Nonresponders to Antiviral Therapy. J. Virol.
81: 3391-3401
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yu, M.-L., Dai, C.-Y., Huang, J.-F., Hou, N.-J., Lee, L.-P., Hsieh, M.-Y., Chiu, C.-F., Lin, Z.-Y., Chen, S.-C., Hsieh, M.-Y., Wang, L.-Y., Chang, W.-Y., Chuang, W.-L.
(2007). A randomised study of peginterferon and ribavirin for 16 versus 24 weeks in patients with genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C. Gut
56: 553-559
[Abstract][Full Text]
Smith, J. P., Dong, M. H., Kaunitz, J. D.
(2007). Evaluation of a pharmacist- managed hepatitis C care clinic. Am J Health Syst Pharm
64: 632-636
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wyles, D. L., Kaihara, K. A., Vaida, F., Schooley, R. T.
(2007). Synergy of Small Molecular Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Replication Directed at Multiple Viral Targets. J. Virol.
81: 3005-3008
[Abstract][Full Text]
Butt, A. A, Justice, A. C, Skanderson, M., Rigsby, M. O, Good, C. B, Kwoh, C K.
(2007). Rate and predictors of treatment prescription for hepatitis C. Gut
56: 385-389
[Abstract][Full Text]
Scott, J. D., Gretch, D. R.
(2007). Molecular Diagnostics of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Systematic Review. JAMA
297: 724-732
[Abstract][Full Text]
Santos, A. E D., Partovi, N., Ford, J.-A. E, Yoshida, E. M
(2007). Use of Hematopoietic Growth Factors as Adjuvant Therapy for Anemia and Neutropenia in the Treatment of Hepatitis C. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
41: 268-275
[Abstract][Full Text]
Huang, Y., Yang, H., Borg, B. B., Su, X., Rhodes, S. L., Yang, K., Tong, X., Tang, G., Howell, C. D., Rosen, H. R., Thio, C. L., Thomas, D. L., Alter, H. J., Sapp, R. K., Liang, T. J.
(2007). A functional SNP of interferon-{gamma} gene is important for interferon-{alpha}-induced and spontaneous recovery from hepatitis C virus infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
104: 985-990
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dahari, H., Ribeiro, R. M., Rice, C. M., Perelson, A. S.
(2007). Mathematical Modeling of Subgenomic Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Huh-7 Cells. J. Virol.
81: 750-760
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wohnsland, A., Hofmann, W. P., Sarrazin, C.
(2007). Viral Determinants of Resistance to Treatment in Patients with Hepatitis C. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.
20: 23-38
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nagaoka, T., Sato, E., Takahashi, A., Yokohama, S., Yoshida, A.
(2007). Retinal Circulatory Changes Associated with Interferon-Induced Retinopathy in Patients with Hepatitis C. IOVS
48: 368-375
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hoofnagle, J. H., Seeff, L. B.
(2006). Peginterferon and Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C. NEJM
355: 2444-2451
[Full Text]
Dutartre, H., Bussetta, C., Boretto, J., Canard, B.
(2006). General Catalytic Deficiency of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Polymerase with an S282T Mutation and Mutually Exclusive Resistance towards 2'-Modified Nucleotide Analogues. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
50: 4161-4169
[Abstract][Full Text]
Escuret, V., Martin, A., Durantel, D., Parent, R., Hantz, O., Trepo, C., Menguy, T., Bottius, E., Dardy, J., Maral, J., Escary, J. L., Zoulim, F.
(2006). Novel Alpha Interferon (IFN-{alpha}) Variant with Improved Inhibitory Activity against Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Replication Compared to IFN-{alpha}2b Therapy in a Subgenomic Replicon System. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
50: 3984-3991
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sherman, M, Yoshida, E M, Deschenes, M, Krajden, M, Bain, V G, Peltekian, K, Anderson, F, Kaita, K, Simonyi, S, Balshaw, R, Lee, S S, the Canadian Pegasys Study Group,
(2006). Peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) plus ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients who failed previous interferon therapy. Gut
55: 1631-1638
[Abstract][Full Text]
Coelmont, L., Paeshuyse, J., Windisch, M. P., De Clercq, E., Bartenschlager, R., Neyts, J.
(2006). Ribavirin antagonizes the in vitro anti-hepatitis C virus activity of 2'-C-methylcytidine, the active component of valopicitabine.. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
50: 3444-3446
[Abstract][Full Text]
Saito, H., Tada, S., Ebinuma, H., Ishii, H., Kashiwazaki, K., Takahashi, M., Tsukada, N., Nishida, J., Tanaka, S., Shiozaki, H., Hibi, T.
(2006). Role of erythrocytes as a reservoir for ribavirin and relationship with adverse reactions in the early phase of interferon combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infections.. J. Clin. Microbiol.
44: 3562-3568
[Abstract][Full Text]
Briani, C., Chemello, L., Zara, G., Ermani, M., Bernardinello, E., Ruggero, S., Toffanin, E., Gatta, A., Battistin, L., Cavalletto, L.
(2006). Peripheral neurotoxicity of pegylated interferon alpha: a prospective study in patients with HCV.. Neurology
67: 781-785
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jones, L. A., Clancy, L. E., Rawlinson, W. D., White, P. A.
(2006). High-affinity aptamers to subtype 3a hepatitis C virus polymerase display genotypic specificity.. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
50: 3019-3027
[Abstract][Full Text]
Manns, M P, Wedemeyer, H, Cornberg, M
(2006). Treating viral hepatitis C: efficacy, side effects, and complications.. Gut
55: 1350-1359
[Full Text]
Dudley, T, O'Donnell, K, Haydon, G, Mutimer, D
(2006). Disappointing results of combination therapy for HCV?. Gut
55: 1362-1363
[Full Text]
Grieve, R, Roberts, J, Wright, M, Sweeting, M, DeAngelis, D, Rosenberg, W, Bassendine, M, Main, J, Thomas, H
(2006). Cost effectiveness of interferon {alpha} or peginterferon {alpha} with ribavirin for histologically mild chronic hepatitis C. Gut
55: 1332-1338
[Abstract][Full Text]
Davison, S M, Mieli-Vergani, G, Sira, J, Kelly, D A
(2006). Perinatal hepatitis C virus infection: diagnosis and management.. Arch. Dis. Child.
91: 781-785
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chang, K.-S., Cai, Z., Zhang, C., Sen, G. C., Williams, B. R. G., Luo, G.
(2006). Replication of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts: Protein Kinase R (PKR)-Dependent and PKR-Independent Mechanisms for Controlling HCV RNA Replication and Mediating Interferon Activities.. J. Virol.
80: 7364-7374
[Abstract][Full Text]
Halfon, P., Bourliere, M., Penaranda, G., Khiri, H., Ouzan, D.
(2006). Real-time PCR assays for hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA quantitation are adequate for clinical management of patients with chronic HCV infection.. J. Clin. Microbiol.
44: 2507-2511
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rincon, D., Ripoll, C., Catalina, M. V., Salcedo, M., Banares, R.
(2006). Does interferon improve portal hypertension?. J Antimicrob Chemother
58: 7-12
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kelloff, G. J., Lippman, S. M., Dannenberg, A. J., Sigman, C. C., Pearce, H. L., Reid, B. J., Szabo, E., Jordan, V. C., Spitz, M. R., Mills, G. B., Papadimitrakopoulou, V. A., Lotan, R., Aggarwal, B. B., Bresalier, R. S., Kim, J., Arun, B., Lu, K. H., Thomas, M. E., Rhodes, H. E., Brewer, M. A., Follen, M., Shin, D. M., Parnes, H. L., Siegfried, J. M., Evans, A. A., Blot, W. J., Chow, W.-H., Blount, P. L., Maley, C. C., Wang, K. K., Lam, S., Lee, J. J., Dubinett, S. M., Engstrom, P. F., Meyskens, F. L. Jr., O'Shaughnessy, J., Hawk, E. T., Levin, B., Nelson, W. G., Hong, W. K., for the AACR Task Force on Cancer Prevention,
(2006). Progress in Chemoprevention Drug Development: The Promise of Molecular Biomarkers for Prevention of Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cancer--A Plan to Move Forward. Clin. Cancer Res.
12: 3661-3697
[Abstract][Full Text]
Le Pogam, S., Kang, H., Harris, S. F., Leveque, V., Giannetti, A. M., Ali, S., Jiang, W.-R., Rajyaguru, S., Tavares, G., Oshiro, C., Hendricks, T., Klumpp, K., Symons, J., Browner, M. F., Cammack, N., Najera, I.
(2006). Selection and Characterization of Replicon Variants Dually Resistant to Thumb- and Palm-Binding Nonnucleoside Polymerase Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus.. J. Virol.
80: 6146-6154
[Abstract][Full Text]
Caliendo, A. M., Valsamakis, A., Zhou, Y., Yen-Lieberman, B., Andersen, J., Young, S., Ferreira-Gonzalez, A., Tsongalis, G. J., Pyles, R., Bremer, J. W., Lurain, N. S.
(2006). Multilaboratory comparison of hepatitis C virus viral load assays.. J. Clin. Microbiol.
44: 1726-1732
[Abstract][Full Text]
Patel, K., Muir, A. J, McHutchison, J. G
(2006). Diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection.. BMJ
332: 1013-1017
[Full Text]
Balestrieri, C., Serra, G., Cauli, C., Chessa, L., Balestrieri, A., Farci, P.
(2006). Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: is ribavirin harmful?. Blood
107: 3409-3410
[Full Text]
Chapel, C., Garcia, C., Roingeard, P., Zitzmann, N., Dubuisson, J., Dwek, R. A., Trepo, C., Zoulim, F., Durantel, D.
(2006). Antiviral effect of {alpha}-glucosidase inhibitors on viral morphogenesis and binding properties of hepatitis C virus-like particles.. J. Gen. Virol.
87: 861-871
[Abstract][Full Text]
Walsh, M J, Jonsson, J R, Richardson, M M, Lipka, G M, Purdie, D M, Clouston, A D, Powell, E E
(2006). Non-response to antiviral therapy is associated with obesity and increased hepatic expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS-3) in patients with chronic hepatitis C, viral genotype 1. Gut
55: 529-535
[Abstract][Full Text]
van der Eijk, A. A., Vrolijk, J. M., Haagmans, B. L.
(2006). Antibodies neutralizing peginterferon alfa during retreatment of hepatitis C.. NEJM
354: 1323-1324
[Full Text]
Perni, R. B., Almquist, S. J., Byrn, R. A., Chandorkar, G., Chaturvedi, P. R., Courtney, L. F., Decker, C. J., Dinehart, K., Gates, C. A., Harbeson, S. L., Heiser, A., Kalkeri, G., Kolaczkowski, E., Lin, K., Luong, Y.-P., Rao, B. G., Taylor, W. P., Thomson, J. A., Tung, R. D., Wei, Y., Kwong, A. D., Lin, C.
(2006). Preclinical Profile of VX-950, a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus NS3-4A Serine Protease. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
50: 899-909
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sarrazin, C., Gartner, B. C., Sizmann, D., Babiel, R., Mihm, U., Hofmann, W. P., von Wagner, M., Zeuzem, S.
(2006). Comparison of Conventional PCR with Real-Time PCR and Branched DNA-Based Assays for Hepatitis C Virus RNA Quantification and Clinical Significance for Genotypes 1 to 5.. J. Clin. Microbiol.
44: 729-737
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rifai, M. A., Moles, J. K., Lehman, L. P., Van der Linden, B. J.
(2006). Hepatitis C screening and treatment outcomes in patients with substance use/dependence disorders.. Psychosomatics
47: 112-121
[Abstract][Full Text]
Diago, M, Castellano, G, Garcia-Samaniego, J, Perez, C, Fernandez, I, Romero, M, Iacono, O L, Garcia-Monzon, C
(2006). Association of pretreatment serum interferon {gamma} inducible protein 10 levels with sustained virological response to peginterferon plus ribavirin therapy in genotype 1 infected patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gut
55: 374-379
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hughes, C. A, Shafran, S. D
(2006). Treatment of Hepatitis C in HIV-Coinfected Patients. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
40: 479-489
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wong, T., Lee, S. S.
(2006). Hepatitis C: a review for primary care physicians. CMAJ
174: 649-659
[Abstract][Full Text]
Klumpp, K., Leveque, V., Le Pogam, S., Ma, H., Jiang, W.-R., Kang, H., Granycome, C., Singer, M., Laxton, C., Hang, J. Q., Sarma, K., Smith, D. B., Heindl, D., Hobbs, C. J., Merrett, J. H., Symons, J., Cammack, N., Martin, J. A., Devos, R., Najera, I.
(2006). The Novel Nucleoside Analog R1479 (4'-Azidocytidine) Is a Potent Inhibitor of NS5B-dependent RNA Synthesis and Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Cell Culture. J. Biol. Chem.
281: 3793-3799
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pivert, A., Payan, C., Morand, P., Fafi-Kremer, S., Deshayes, J., Carrat, F., Pol, S., Cacoub, P., Perronne, C., Lunel, F.
(2006). Comparison of Serum Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA and Core Antigen Levels in Patients Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and HCV and Treated with Interferon plus Ribavirin. J. Clin. Microbiol.
44: 417-422
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yu, H., Huang, H., Xiang, J., Babiuk, L. A., van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk, S.
(2006). Dendritic cells pulsed with hepatitis C virus NS3 protein induce immune responses and protection from infection with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing NS3. J. Gen. Virol.
87: 1-10
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gish, R. G.
(2006). Treating HCV with ribavirin analogues and ribavirin-like molecules. J Antimicrob Chemother
57: 8-13
[Abstract][Full Text]
Previous
