Background Automated external defibrillators save lives whenthey are used by designated personnel in certain public settings.We performed a two-year prospective study at three Chicago airportsto assess whether random bystanders witnessing out-of-hospitalcardiac arrests would retrieve and successfully use automatedexternal defibrillators.
Methods Defibrillators were installed a brisk 60-to-90-secondwalk apart throughout passenger terminals at O'Hare, Midway,and Meigs Field airports, which together serve more than 100million passengers per year. The use of defibrillators was promotedby public-service videos in waiting areas, pamphlets, and reportsin the media. We assessed the time from notification of thedispatchers to defibrillation, survival rate at 72 hours andat one year among persons with cardiac arrest, their neurologicstatus, and the characteristics of rescuers.
Results Over a two-year period, 21 persons had nontraumaticcardiac arrest, 18 of whom had ventricular fibrillation. Withtwo exceptions, defibrillator operators were good Samaritans,acting voluntarily. In the case of four patients with ventricularfibrillation, defibrillators were neither nearby nor used withinfive minutes, and none of these patients survived. Three othersremained in fibrillation and eventually died, despite the rapiduse of a defibrillator (within five minutes). Eleven patientswith ventricular fibrillation were successfully resuscitated,including eight who regained consciousness before hospital admission.No shock was delivered in four cases of suspected cardiac arrest,and the device correctly indicated that the problem was notdue to ventricular fibrillation. The rescuers of 6 of the 11successfully resuscitated patients had no training or experiencein the use of automated defibrillators, although 3 had medicaldegrees. Ten of the 18 patients with ventricular fibrillationwere alive and neurologically intact at one year.
Conclusions Automated external defibrillators deployed in readilyaccessible, well-marked public areas in Chicago airports wereused effectively to assist patients with cardiac arrest. Inthe cases of survivors, most of the users had no duty to actand no prior training in the use of these devices.
Source Information
From the City of Chicago Department of Aviation, Chicago (S.L.C.); the Chicago Fire Department, Chicago (P.J.W.); the Departments of Surgery and Medicine and the School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.E.P.); and the Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago (L.B.B.). Presented in part at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association, New Orleans, November 15, 2000.
Address reprint requests to Ms. Caffrey at the Department of Aviation, O'Hare International Airport, P.O. Box 66142, Chicago, IL 60666, or at sherord{at}aol.com.
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