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Previous Volume 349:1423-1432 October 9, 2003 Number 15 Next

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ABSTRACT

Background In a randomized trial, 1106 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase were assigned to imatinib or interferon alfa plus cytarabine as initial therapy. We measured levels of BCR-ABL transcripts in the blood of all patients in this trial who had a complete cytogenetic remission.

Methods Levels of BCR-ABL transcripts were measured by a quantitative real-time polymerase-chain-reaction assay. Results were expressed relative to the median level of BCR-ABL transcripts in the blood of 30 patients with untreated CML in chronic phase.

Results In patients who had a complete cytogenetic remission, levels of BCR-ABL transcripts after 12 months of treatment had fallen by at least 3 log in 57 percent of those in the imatinib group and 24 percent of those in the group given interferon plus cytarabine (P=0.003). On the basis of the rates of complete cytogenetic remission of 68 percent in the imatinib group and 7 percent in the group given interferon plus cytarabine at 12 months, an estimated 39 percent of all patients treated with imatinib but only 2 percent of all those given interferon plus cytarabine had a reduction in BCR-ABL transcript levels of at least 3 log (P<0.001). For patients who had a complete cytogenetic remission and a reduction in transcript levels of at least 3 log at 12 months, the probability of remaining progression-free was 100 percent at 24 months, as compared with 95 percent for such patients with a reduction of less than 3 log and 85 percent for patients who were not in complete cytogenetic remission at 12 months (P<0.001).

Conclusions The proportion of patients with CML who had a reduction in BCR-ABL transcript levels of at least 3 log by 12 months of therapy was far greater with imatinib treatment than with treatment with interferon plus cytarabine. Patients in the imatinib group with this degree of molecular response had a negligible risk of disease progression during the subsequent 12 months.

Source Information

From the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, Australia (T.P.H., S.B., Z.R.); Hammersmith Hospital, London (J.K., J.M.G.); III, Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (A.H.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (M.L.H., I.G., A.E.B., I.C.H.); and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (J.P.R.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Hughes at the Division of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia, or at timothy.hughes{at}imvs.sa.gov.au.

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• Yong, A. S. M., Szydlo, R. M., Goldman, J. M., Apperley, J. F., Melo, J. V. (2006). Molecular profiling of CD34+ cells identifies low expression of CD7, along with high expression of proteinase 3 or elastase, as predictors of longer survival in patients with CML. Blood 107: 205-212 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hess, G., Bunjes, D., Siegert, W., Schwerdtfeger, R., Ledderose, G., Wassmann, B., Kobbe, G., Bornhauser, M., Hochhaus, A., Ullmann, A. J., Kindler, T., Haus, U., Gschaidmeier, H., Huber, C., Fischer, T. (2005). Sustained Complete Molecular Remissions After Treatment With Imatinib-Mesylate in Patients With Failure After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Results of a Prospective Phase II Open-Label Multicenter Study. JCO 23: 7583-7593 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Barnes, D. J., Palaiologou, D., Panousopoulou, E., Schultheis, B., Yong, A. S.M., Wong, A., Pattacini, L., Goldman, J. M., Melo, J. V. (2005). Bcr-Abl Expression Levels Determine the Rate of Development of Resistance to Imatinib Mesylate in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Res. 65: 8912-8919 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dresemann, G. (2005). Imatinib and hydroxyurea in pretreated progressive glioblastoma multiforme: a patient series. Ann Oncol 16: 1702-1708 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• O'Hare, T., Walters, D. K., Stoffregen, E. P., Sherbenou, D. W., Heinrich, M. C., Deininger, M. W.N., Druker, B. J. (2005). Combined Abl Inhibitor Therapy for Minimizing Drug Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Src/Abl Inhibitors Are Compatible with Imatinib. Clin. Cancer Res. 11: 6987-6993 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• White, D., Saunders, V., Lyons, A. B., Branford, S., Grigg, A., To, L. B., Hughes, T. (2005). In vitro sensitivity to imatinib-induced inhibition of ABL kinase activity is predictive of molecular response in patients with de novo CML. Blood 106: 2520-2526 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Haferlach, T., Kohlmann, A., Schnittger, S., Dugas, M., Hiddemann, W., Kern, W., Schoch, C. (2005). Global approach to the diagnosis of leukemia using gene expression profiling. Blood 106: 1189-1198 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Krause, D. S., Van Etten, R. A. (2005). Tyrosine Kinases as Targets for Cancer Therapy. NEJM 353: 172-187 [Full Text]  
• Li, Z., Qiao, Y., Liu, B., Laska, E. J., Chakravarthi, P., Kulko, J. M., Bona, R. D., Fang, M., Hegde, U., Moyo, V., Tannenbaum, S. H., Menoret, A., Gaffney, J., Glynn, L., Runowicz, C. D., Srivastava, P. K. (2005). Combination of Imatinib Mesylate with Autologous Leukocyte-Derived Heat Shock Protein and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Clin. Cancer Res. 11: 4460-4468 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wolff, N. C., Veach, D. R., Tong, W. P., Bornmann, W. G., Clarkson, B., Ilaria, R. L. Jr (2005). PD166326, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has greater antileukemic activity than imatinib mesylate in a murine model of chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 105: 3995-4003 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cortes, J., Talpaz, M., O'Brien, S., Jones, D., Luthra, R., Shan, J., Giles, F., Faderl, S., Verstovsek, S., Garcia-Manero, G., Rios, M. B., Kantarjian, H. (2005). Molecular Responses in Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in Chronic Phase Treated with Imatinib Mesylate. Clin. Cancer Res. 11: 3425-3432 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Deininger, M., Buchdunger, E., Druker, B. J. (2005). The development of imatinib as a therapeutic agent for chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 105: 2640-2653 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Quintas-Cardama, A., Kantarjian, H., Talpaz, M., O'Brien, S., Garcia-Manero, G., Verstovsek, S., Rios, M. B., Hayes, K., Glassman, A., Bekele, B. N., Zhou, X., Cortes, J. (2005). Imatinib mesylate therapy may overcome the poor prognostic significance of deletions of derivative chromosome 9 in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 105: 2281-2286 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Elrick, L. J., Jorgensen, H. G., Mountford, J. C., Holyoake, T. L. (2005). Punish the parent not the progeny. Blood 105: 1862-1866 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chu, S., Xu, H., Shah, N. P., Snyder, D. S., Forman, S. J., Sawyers, C. L., Bhatia, R. (2005). Detection of BCR-ABL kinase mutations in CD34+ cells from chronic myelogenous leukemia patients in complete cytogenetic remission on imatinib mesylate treatment. Blood 105: 2093-2098 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gumireddy, K., Baker, S. J., Cosenza, S. C., John, P., Kang, A. D., Robell, K. A., Reddy, M. V. R., Reddy, E. P. (2005). A non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of BCR-ABL overrides imatinib resistance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 1992-1997 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gutierrez, M. I., Timson, G., Siraj, A. K., Bu, R., Barbhaya, S., Banavali, S., Bhatia, K. (2005). Single Monochrome Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for Identification, Quantification, and Breakpoint Cluster Region Determination of t(9;22) Transcripts. J. Mol. Diagn. 7: 40-47 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Deininger, M. W.N. (2005). Management of Early Stage Disease. ASH Education Book 2005: 174-182 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ilaria, R. L. Jr. (2005). Pathobiology of Lymphoid and Myeloid Blast Crisis and Management Issues. ASH Education Book 2005: 188-194 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Branford, S., Rudzki, Z., Parkinson, I., Grigg, A., Taylor, K., Seymour, J. F., Durrant, S., Browett, P., Schwarer, A. P., Arthur, C., Catalano, J., Leahy, M. F., Filshie, R., Bradstock, K., Herrmann, R., Joske, D., Lynch, K., Hughes, T. (2004). Real-time quantitative PCR analysis can be used as a primary screen to identify patients with CML treated with imatinib who have BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations. Blood 104: 2926-2932 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Denlinger, C. E., Rundall, B. K., Keller, M. D., Jones, D. R. (2004). Proteasome Inhibition Sensitizes Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer to Gemcitabine-Induced Apoptosis. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 78: 1207-1214 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cortes, J., O'Brien, S., Kantarjian, H. (2004). Discontinuation of imatinib therapy after achieving a molecular response. Blood 104: 2204-2205 [Full Text]  
• Kantarjian, H. M., Cortes, J. E., O'Brien, S., Luthra, R., Giles, F., Verstovsek, S., Faderl, S., Thomas, D., Garcia-Manero, G., Rios, M. B., Shan, J., Jones, D., Talpaz, M. (2004). Long-term survival benefit and improved complete cytogenetic and molecular response rates with imatinib mesylate in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia after failure of interferon-{alpha}. Blood 104: 1979-1988 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jamieson, C. H.M., Ailles, L. E., Dylla, S. J., Muijtjens, M., Jones, C., Zehnder, J. L., Gotlib, J., Li, K., Manz, M. G., Keating, A., Sawyers, C. L., Weissman, I. L. (2004). Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitors as Candidate Leukemic Stem Cells in Blast-Crisis CML. NEJM 351: 657-667 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stone, R. M. (2004). Optimizing Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Rational Approach. The Oncologist 9: 259-270 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kvasnicka, H. M., Thiele, J., Staib, P., Schmitt-Graeff, A., Griesshammer, M., Klose, J., Engels, K., Kriener, S. (2004). Reversal of bone marrow angiogenesis in chronic myeloid leukemia following imatinib mesylate (STI571) therapy. Blood 103: 3549-3551 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Druker, B. J. (2004). Can we cure CML?. Blood 103: 2865-2866 [Full Text]  
• Kantarjian, H., Talpaz, M., O'Brien, S., Garcia-Manero, G., Verstovsek, S., Giles, F., Rios, M. B., Shan, J., Letvak, L., Thomas, D., Faderl, S., Ferrajoli, A., Cortes, J. (2004). High-dose imatinib mesylate therapy in newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 103: 2873-2878 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pui, C.-H., Relling, M. V., Downing, J. R. (2004). Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. NEJM 350: 1535-1548 [Full Text]  
• DeAngelo, D. J., Ritz, J. (2004). Imatinib Therapy for Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Are Patients Living Longer?. Clin. Cancer Res. 10: 1-3 [Full Text]  
• O'Brien, S., Tefferi, A., Valent, P. (2004). Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia and Myeloproliferative Disease. ASH Education Book 2004: 146-162 [Abstract] [Full Text]