Concurrent Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy for Organ Preservation in Advanced Laryngeal Cancer
Arlene A. Forastiere, M.D., Helmuth Goepfert, M.D., Moshe Maor, M.D., Thomas F. Pajak, Ph.D., Randal Weber, M.D., William Morrison, M.D., Bonnie Glisson, M.D., Andy Trotti, M.D., John A. Ridge, M.D., Ph.D., Clifford Chao, M.D., Glen Peters, M.D., Ding-Jen Lee, M.D., Ph.D., Andrea Leaf, M.D., John Ensley, M.D., and Jay Cooper, M.D.
Background Induction chemotherapy with cisplatin plus fluorouracilfollowed by radiotherapy is the standard alternative to totallaryngectomy for patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer.The value of adding chemotherapy to radiotherapy and the optimaltiming of chemotherapy are unknown.
Methods We randomly assigned patients with locally advancedcancer of the larynx to one of three treatments: induction cisplatinplus fluorouracil followed by radiotherapy, radiotherapy withconcurrent administration of cisplatin, or radiotherapy alone.The primary end point was preservation of the larynx.
Results A total of 547 patients were randomly assigned to oneof the three study groups. The median follow-up period was 3.8years. At two years, the proportion of patients who had an intactlarynx after radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin (88 percent)differed significantly from the proportions in the groups giveninduction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (75 percent,P=0.005) or radiotherapy alone (70 percent, P<0.001). Therate of locoregional control was also significantly better withradiotherapy and concurrent cisplatin (78 percent, vs. 61 percentwith induction cisplatin plus fluorouracil followed by radiotherapyand 56 percent with radiotherapy alone). Both of the chemotherapy-basedregimens suppressed distant metastases and resulted in betterdisease-free survival than radiotherapy alone. However, overallsurvival rates were similar in all three groups. The rate ofhigh-grade toxic effects was greater with the chemotherapy-basedregimens (81 percent with induction cisplatin plus fluorouracilfollowed by radiotherapy and 82 percent with radiotherapy withconcurrent cisplatin, vs. 61 percent with radiotherapy alone).The mucosal toxicity of concurrent radiotherapy and cisplatinwas nearly twice as frequent as the mucosal toxicity of theother two treatments during radiotherapy.
Conclusions In patients with laryngeal cancer, radiotherapywith concurrent administration of cisplatin is superior to inductionchemotherapy followed by radiotherapy or radiotherapy alonefor laryngeal preservation and locoregional control.
Source Information
From the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore (A.A.F., D.-J.L.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (H.G., M.M., R.W., W.M., B.G., C.C.); Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Headquarters, Philadelphia (T.F.P.); the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.T.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (J.A.R.); the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham (G.P.); the Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn (A.L.); the Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit (J.E.); and the Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Medical Center, New York (J.C.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Forastiere at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 1650 Orleans St., Suite G90, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, or at af{at}jhmi.edu.
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