FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 351:575-584 August 5, 2004 Number 6 Next

	Full Text PDF PDA Full Text Editorial by Epstein, A. M. Letters Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited E-mail When Letters Appear PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background In the United States, black patients generally receive lower-quality health care than white patients. Black patients may receive their care from a subgroup of physicians whose qualifications or resources are inferior to those of the physicians who treat white patients.

Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 150,391 visits by black Medicare beneficiaries and white Medicare beneficiaries 65 years of age or older for medical "evaluation and management" who were seen by 4355 primary care physicians who participated in a biannual telephone survey, the 2000–2001 Community Tracking Study Physician Survey.

Results Most visits by black patients were with a small group of physicians (80 percent of visits were accounted for by 22 percent of physicians) who provided only a small percentage of care to white patients. In a comparison of visits by white patients and black patients, we found that the physicians whom the black patients visited were less likely to be board certified (77.4 percent) than were the physicians visited by the white patients (86.1 percent, P=0.02) and also more likely to report that they were unable to provide high-quality care to all their patients (27.8 percent vs. 19.3 percent, P=0.005). The physicians treating black patients also reported facing greater difficulties in obtaining access for their patients to high-quality subspecialists, high-quality diagnostic imaging, and nonemergency admission to the hospital.

Conclusions Black patients and white patients are to a large extent treated by different physicians. The physicians treating black patients may be less well trained clinically and may have less access to important clinical resources than physicians treating white patients. Further research should be conducted to address the extent to which these differences may be responsible for disparities in health care.

Source Information

From the Health Outcomes Research Group, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York (P.B.B., D.S., R.C.T.); and the Center for Studying Health System Change, Washington, D.C. (H.H.P., J.L.H.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Bach at the Health Outcomes Research Group, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., Box 221, New York, NY 10021.

Full Text of this Article

Related Letters:

Primary Care Physicians Who Treat Blacks and Whites
Aaron H. J., Fernandez A., Goldstein L., Wheeler M. B., Bach P. B., Schrag D., Pham H. H.
Extract | Full Text | PDF  
N Engl J Med 2004; 351:2126-2127, Nov 11, 2004. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Goldstein, E., Elliott, M. N., Lehrman, W. G., Hambarsoomian, K., Giordano, L. A. (2010). Racial/Ethnic Differences in Patients' Perceptions of Inpatient Care Using the HCAHPS Survey. Med Care Res Rev 67: 74-92 [Abstract]  
• Gonzalez, H. M., Vega, W. A., Williams, D. R., Tarraf, W., West, B. T., Neighbors, H. W. (2010). Depression Care in the United States: Too Little for Too Few. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67: 37-46 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Galbraith, A. A., Smith, L. A., Bokhour, B., Miroshnik, I. L., Sawicki, G. S., Glauber, J. H., Hohman, K. H., Gay, C., Lieu, T. A. (2010). Asthma Care Quality for Children With Minority-Serving Providers. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 164: 38-45 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ketcham, J. D., Lutfey, K. E., Gerstenberger, E., Link, C. L., McKinlay, J. B. (2009). Physician Clinical Information Technology and Health Care Disparities. Med Care Res Rev 66: 658-681 [Abstract]  
• Zimmerman, R. K., Nowalk, M. P., Tabbarah, M., Hart, J. A., Fox, D. E., Raymund, M., the FM Pitt-Net Primary Care Research Network, (2009). Understanding Adult Vaccination in Urban, Lower-Socioeconomic Settings: Influence of Physician and Prevention Systems. Ann Fam Med 7: 534-541 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jha, A. K., DesRoches, C. M., Shields, A. E., Miralles, P. D., Zheng, J., Rosenbaum, S., Campbell, E. G. (2009). Evidence Of An Emerging Digital Divide Among Hospitals That Care For The Poor. Health Aff (Millwood) 28: w1160-w1170 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gaskin, D. J., Price, A., Brandon, D. T., LaVeist, T. A. (2009). Segregation and Disparities in Health Services Use. Med Care Res Rev 66: 578-589 [Abstract]  
• Mukherjee, D., Kosztowski, T., Zaidi, H. A., Jallo, G., Carson, B. S., Chang, D. C., Quinones-Hinojosa, A. (2009). Disparities in Access to Pediatric Neurooncological Surgery in the United States. Pediatrics 124: e688-e696 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Grant, R. W., Lutfey, K. E., Gerstenberger, E., Link, C. L., Marceau, L. D., McKinlay, J. B. (2009). The Decision to Intensify Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from an Experiment Using a Clinical Case Vignette. J Am Board Fam Med 22: 513-520 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mehrotra, A., Liu, H., Adams, J. L., Wang, M. C., Lave, J. R., Thygeson, N. M., Solberg, L. I., McGlynn, E. A. (2009). Comparing Costs and Quality of Care at Retail Clinics With That of Other Medical Settings for 3 Common Illnesses. ANN INTERN MED 151: 321-328 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Breslin, T. M., Morris, A. M., Gu, N., Wong, S. L., Finlayson, E. V., Banerjee, M., Birkmeyer, J. D. (2009). Hospital Factors and Racial Disparities in Mortality After Surgery for Breast and Colon Cancer. JCO 27: 3945-3950 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mukherjee, D., Zaidi, H. A, Kosztowski, T., Chaichana, K. L, Salvatori, R., Chang, D. C, Quinones-Hinojosa, A. (2009). Predictors of access to pituitary tumor resection in the United States, 1988-2005. Eur J Endocrinol 161: 259-265 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Freed, G. L., Dunham, K. M., Singer, D. (2009). Health Plan Use of Board Certification and Recertification of Surgeons and Nonsurgical Subspecialists in Contracting Policies. Arch Surg 144: 753-758 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pham, H. H., Landon, B. E., Reschovsky, J. D., Wu, B., Schrag, D. (2009). Rapidity and Modality of Imaging for Acute Low Back Pain in Elderly Patients. Arch Intern Med 169: 972-981 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Melsop, K., Brooks, M. M., Boothroyd, D. B., Hlatky, M. A. (2009). Effect of Race on the Clinical Outcomes in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation Trial. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2: 186-190 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McWilliams, J. M., Meara, E., Zaslavsky, A. M., Ayanian, J. Z. (2009). Differences in Control of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes by Race, Ethnicity, and Education: U.S. Trends From 1999 to 2006 and Effects of Medicare Coverage. ANN INTERN MED 150: 505-515 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chin, M. H, Wilkes, A. E (2009). Equity concerns in market-based control schemes for patient safety. Qual Saf Health Care 18: 88-90 [Full Text]  
• Spertus, J. A., Jones, P. G., Masoudi, F. A., Rumsfeld, J. S., Krumholz, H. M. (2009). Factors Associated With Racial Differences in Myocardial Infarction Outcomes. ANN INTERN MED 150: 314-324 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Atlas, S. J., Grant, R. W., Ferris, T. G., Chang, Y., Barry, M. J. (2009). Patient-Physician Connectedness and Quality of Primary Care. ANN INTERN MED 150: 325-335 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sarrazin, M. V., Campbell, M., Rosenthal, G. E. (2009). Racial Differences In Hospital Use After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Does Residential Segregation Play A Role?. Health Aff (Millwood) 28: w368-w378 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kleindorfer, D. (2009). Sociodemographic Groups at Risk: Race/Ethnicity. Stroke 40: S75-S78 [Full Text]  
• Williams, D. R., Sternthal, M., Wright, R. J. (2009). Social Determinants: Taking the Social Context of Asthma Seriously. Pediatrics 123: S174-S184 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pham, H. H., O'Malley, A. S., Bach, P. B., Saiontz-Martinez, C., Schrag, D. (2009). Primary Care Physicians' Links to Other Physicians Through Medicare Patients: The Scope of Care Coordination. ANN INTERN MED 150: 236-242 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Varkey, A. B., Manwell, L. B., Williams, E. S., Ibrahim, S. A., Brown, R. L., Bobula, J. A., Horner-Ibler, B. A., Schwartz, M. D., Konrad, T. R., Wiltshire, J. C., Linzer, M., for the MEMO Investigators, (2009). Separate and Unequal: Clinics Where Minority and Nonminority Patients Receive Primary Care. Arch Intern Med 169: 243-250 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Farjah, F., Wood, D. E., Yanez, N. D. III, Vaughan, T. L., Symons, R. G., Krishnadasan, B., Flum, D. R. (2009). Racial Disparities Among Patients With Lung Cancer Who Were Recommended Operative Therapy. Arch Surg 144: 14-18 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Virnig, B. A., Baxter, N. N., Habermann, E. B., Feldman, R. D., Bradley, C. J. (2009). A Matter Of Race: Early-Versus Late-Stage Cancer Diagnosis. Health Aff (Millwood) 28: 160-168 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bickell, N. A., Shastri, K., Fei, K., Oluwole, S., Godfrey, H., Hiotis, K., Srinivasan, A., Guth, A. A. (2008). A Tracking and Feedback Registry to Reduce Racial Disparities in Breast Cancer Care. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 100: 1717-1723 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gerend, M. A., Pai, M. (2008). Social Determinants of Black-White Disparities in Breast Cancer Mortality: A Review. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 17: 2913-2923 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gonzalez, H. M., Croghan, T., West, B., Williams, D., Nesse, R., Tarraf, W., Taylor, R., Hinton, L., Neighbors, H., Jackson, J. (2008). Antidepressant Use in Black and White Populations in the United States. Psychiatr. Serv. 59: 1131-1138 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bowen, M. E., Gonzalez, H. M. (2008). Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between the Use of Health Care Services and Functional Disability: The Health and Retirement Study (1992-2004). The Gerontologist 48: 659-667 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Smith, D. B., Feng, Z., Fennell, M. L., Zinn, J., Mor, V. (2008). Racial Disparities in Access to Long-Term Care: The Illusive Pursuit of Equity. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 33: 861-881 [Abstract]  
• Basu, J., Mobley, L. R. (2008). Trends in Racial Disparities Among the Elderly for Selected Procedures. Med Care Res Rev 65: 617-637 [Abstract]  
• Fiscella, K., Epstein, R. M. (2008). So Much to Do, So Little Time: Care for the Socially Disadvantaged and the 15-Minute Visit. Arch Intern Med 168: 1843-1852 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lathan, C. S., Neville, B. A., Earle, C. C. (2008). Racial Composition of Hospitals: Effects on Surgery for Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. JCO 26: 4347-4352 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• King, W D, Minor, P, Ramirez Kitchen, C, Ore, L E, Shoptaw, S, Victorianne, G D, Rust, G (2008). Racial, gender and geographic disparities of antiretroviral treatment among US Medicaid enrolees in 1998. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 62: 798-803 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rooks, R. N., Simonsick, E. M., Klesges, L. M., Newman, A. B., Ayonayon, H. N., Harris, T. B. (2008). Racial Disparities in Health Care Access and Cardiovascular Disease Indicators in Black and White Older Adults in the Health ABC Study. J Aging Health 20: 599-614 [Abstract]  
• Smith, A. K., Ladner, D., McCarthy, E. P. (2008). Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Liver Transplant Surgery and Hospice Use: Parallels, Differences, and Unanswered Questions. AM J HOSP PALLIAT CARE 25: 285-291 [Abstract]  
• Baker, R. B., Washington, H. A., Olakanmi, O., Savitt, T. L., Jacobs, E. A., Hoover, E., Wynia, M. K. (2008). African American Physicians and Organized Medicine, 1846-1968: Origins of a Racial Divide. JAMA 300: 306-313 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rhee, M. K., Ziemer, D. C., Caudle, J., Kolm, P., Phillips, L. S. (2008). Use of a Uniform Treatment Algorithm Abolishes Racial Disparities in Glycemic Control. The Diabetes Educator 34: 655-663 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Powe, N. R. (2008). Let's Get Serious About Racial and Ethnic Disparities. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 19: 1271-1275 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wesson, D. E. (2008). Is the Ethnic Disparity in CKD a Symptom of Dysfunctional Primary Care in the US?. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 19: 1249-1251 [Full Text]  
• Campbell, R. J. (2008). Meeting Seniors' Information Needs: Using Computer Technology. Home Health Care Management Practice 20: 328-335 [Abstract]  
• Morris, A. M., Billingsley, K. G., Hayanga, A. J., Matthews, B., Baldwin, L.-M., Birkmeyer, J. D. (2008). Residual Treatment Disparities After Oncology Referral for Rectal Cancer. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 100: 738-744 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Adams, A. S., Trinacty, C. M., Zhang, F., Kleinman, K., Grant, R. W., Meigs, J. B., Soumerai, S. B., Ross-Degnan, D. (2008). Medication Adherence and Racial Differences in A1C Control. Diabetes Care 31: 916-921 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Reschovsky, J. D., O'Malley, A. S. (2008). Do Primary Care Physicians Treating Minority Patients Report Problems Delivering High-Quality Care?. Health Aff (Millwood) 27: w222-w231 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schackman, B. R., Teixeira, P. A., Weitzman, G., Mushlin, A. I., Jacobson, I. M. (2008). Quality-of-Life Tradeoffs for Hepatitis C Treatment: Do Patients and Providers Agree?. Med Decis Making 28: 233-242 [Abstract]  
• Lurie, N., Somers, S. A., Fremont, A., Angeles, J., Murphy, E. K., Hamblin, A. (2008). Challenges To Using A Business Case For Addressing Health Disparities. Health Aff (Millwood) 27: 334-338 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gaskin, D. J., Spencer, C. S., Richard, P., Anderson, G. F., Powe, N. R., LaVeist, T. A. (2008). Do Hospitals Provide Lower-Quality Care To Minorities Than To Whites?. Health Aff (Millwood) 27: 518-527 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jha, A. K., Orav, E. J., Zheng, J., Epstein, A. M. (2008). The Characteristics And Performance Of Hospitals That Care For Elderly Hispanic Americans. Health Aff (Millwood) 27: 528-537 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pani, L. N., Nathan, D. M., Grant, R. W. (2008). Clinical Predictors of Disease Progression and Medication Initiation in Untreated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and A1C Less Than 7%. Diabetes Care 31: 386-390 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Howell, E. A., Hebert, P., Chatterjee, S., Kleinman, L. C., Chassin, M. R. (2008). Black/White Differences in Very Low Birth Weight Neonatal Mortality Rates Among New York City Hospitals. Pediatrics 121: e407-e415 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Blustein, J. (2008). Who Is Accountable for Racial Equity in Health Care?. JAMA 299: 814-816 [Full Text]  
• Brown, D. R., Hernandez, A., Saint-Jean, G., Evans, S., Tafari, I., Brewster, L. G., Celestin, M. J., Gomez-Estefan, C., Regalado, F., Akal, S., Nierenberg, B., Kauschinger, E. D., Schwartz, R., Page, J. B. (2008). A Participatory Action Research Pilot Study of Urban Health Disparities Using Rapid Assessment Response and Evaluation. AJPH 98: 28-38 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Saha, S., Shipman, S. A. (2008). Race-Neutral Versus Race-Conscious Workforce Policy To Improve Access To Care. Health Aff (Millwood) 27: 234-245 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Smith, W. R., Betancourt, J. R., Wynia, M. K., Bussey-Jones, J., Stone, V. E., Phillips, C. O., Fernandez, A., Jacobs, E., Bowles, J. (2007). Recommendations for Teaching about Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Health Care. ANN INTERN MED 147: 654-665 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ferrer, R. L. (2007). Pursuing Equity: Contact With Primary Care and Specialist Clinicians by Demographics, Insurance, and Health Status. Ann Fam Med 5: 492-502 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Landon, B. E., Schneider, E. C., Normand, S.-L. T., Scholle, S. H., Pawlson, L. G., Epstein, A. M. (2007). Quality of Care in Medicaid Managed Care and Commercial Health Plans. JAMA 298: 1674-1681 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Curtis, L. H., Al-Khatib, S. M., Shea, A. M., Hammill, B. G., Hernandez, A. F., Schulman, K. A. (2007). Sex Differences in the Use of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. JAMA 298: 1517-1524 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Davis, A. M., Vinci, L. M., Okwuosa, T. M., Chase, A. R., Huang, E. S. (2007). Cardiovascular Health Disparities: A Systematic Review of Health Care Interventions. Med Care Res Rev 64: 29S-100S [Abstract]  
• Peek, M. E., Cargill, A., Huang, E. S. (2007). Diabetes Health Disparities: A Systematic Review of Health Care Interventions. Med Care Res Rev 64: 101S-156S [Abstract]  
• Chien, A. T., Chin, M. H., Davis, A. M., Casalino, L. P. (2007). Pay for Performance, Public Reporting, and Racial Disparities in Health Care: How Are Programs Being Designed?. Med Care Res Rev 64: 283S-304S [Abstract]  
• Heisler, M., Faul, J. D., Hayward, R. A., Langa, K. M., Blaum, C., Weir, D. (2007). Mechanisms for Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Glycemic Control in Middle-aged and Older Americans in the Health and Retirement Study. Arch Intern Med 167: 1853-1860 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bloche, M. G. (2007). Consumer-Directed Health Care And The Disadvantaged. Health Aff (Millwood) 26: 1315-1327 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Smith, D. B., Feng, Z., Fennell, M. L., Zinn, J. S., Mor, V. (2007). Separate And Unequal: Racial Segregation And Disparities In Quality Across U.S. Nursing Homes. Health Aff (Millwood) 26: 1448-1458 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Berndt, S. I., Carter, H. B., Schoenberg, M. P., Newschaffer, C. J. (2007). Disparities in Treatment and Outcome for Renal Cell Cancer Among Older Black and White Patients. JCO 25: 3589-3595 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bailey, J. E., Sprabery, L. R. (2007). Inequitable Funding May Cause Health Care Disparities. Arch Intern Med 167: 1226-1228 [Full Text]  
• Hasnain-Wynia, R., Baker, D. W., Nerenz, D., Feinglass, J., Beal, A. C., Landrum, M. B., Behal, R., Weissman, J. S. (2007). Disparities in Health Care Are Driven by Where Minority Patients Seek Care: Examination of the Hospital Quality Alliance Measures. Arch Intern Med 167: 1233-1239 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bickell, N. A., LePar, F., Wang, J. J., Leventhal, H. (2007). Lost Opportunities: Physicians' Reasons and Disparities in Breast Cancer Treatment. JCO 25: 2516-2521 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jha, A. K., Orav, E. J., Li, Z., Epstein, A. M. (2007). Concentration and Quality of Hospitals That Care for Elderly Black Patients. Arch Intern Med 167: 1177-1182 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Casalino, L. P., Elster, A., Eisenberg, A., Lewis, E., Montgomery, J., Ramos, D. (2007). Will Pay-For-Performance And Quality Reporting Affect Health Care Disparities?. Health Aff (Millwood) 26: w405-w414 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rodriguez, R. A., Sen, S., Mehta, K., Moody-Ayers, S., Bacchetti, P., O'Hare, A. M. (2007). Geography Matters: Relationships among Urban Residential Segregation, Dialysis Facilities, and Patient Outcomes. ANN INTERN MED 146: 493-501 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Crew, K. D., Neugut, A. I., Wang, X., Jacobson, J. S., Grann, V. R., Raptis, G., Hershman, D. L. (2007). Racial Disparities in Treatment and Survival of Male Breast Cancer. JCO 25: 1089-1098 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pham, H. H., Schrag, D., O'Malley, A. S., Wu, B., Bach, P. B. (2007). Care Patterns in Medicare and Their Implications for Pay for Performance. NEJM 356: 1130-1139 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lurie, N., Dubowitz, T. (2007). Health Disparities and Access to Health. JAMA 297: 1118-1121 [Full Text]  
• Rust, G., Cooper, L. A. (2007). How Can Practice-based Research Contribute to the Elimination of Health Disparities?. J Am Board Fam Med 20: 105-114 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sequist, T. D, Cullen, T., Hays, H., Taualii, M. M, Simon, S. R, Bates, D. W (2007). Implementation and Use of an Electronic Health Record within the Indian Health Service. J Am Med Inform Assoc 14: 191-197 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Losina, E., Wright, E. A., Kessler, C. L., Barrett, J. A., Fossel, A. H., Creel, A. H., Mahomed, N. N., Baron, J. A., Katz, J. N. (2007). Neighborhoods Matter: Use of Hospitals With Worse Outcomes Following Total Knee Replacement by Patients From Vulnerable Populations. Arch Intern Med 167: 182-186 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hambidge, S. J., Emsermann, C. B., Federico, S., Steiner, J. F. (2007). Disparities in Pediatric Preventive Care in the United States, 1993-2002. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 161: 30-36 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zapka, J. G., Carter, R., Carter, C. L., Hennessy, W., Kurent, J. E., DesHarnais, S. (2006). Care at the End of Life: Focus on Communication and Race. J Aging Health 18: 791-813 [Abstract]  
• Sassi, F., Luft, H. S., Guadagnoli, E. (2006). Reducing Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Female Breast Cancer: Screening Rates and Stage at Diagnosis. AJPH 96: 2165-2172 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gorin, S. S., Heck, J. E., Cheng, B., Smith, S. J. (2006). Delays in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment by racial/ethnic group.. Arch Intern Med 166: 2244-2252 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ferraro, K. F., Thorpe, R. J. Jr, McCabe, G. P., Kelley-Moore, J. A., Jiang, Z. (2006). The Color of Hospitalization Over the Adult Life Course: Cumulative Disadvantage in Black and White?. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 61: S299-S306 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Liu, J. H., Zingmond, D. S., McGory, M. L., SooHoo, N. F., Ettner, S. L., Brook, R. H., Ko, C. Y. (2006). Disparities in the utilization of high-volume hospitals for complex surgery.. JAMA 296: 1973-1980 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Winker, M. A. (2006). Race and Ethnicity in Medical Research: Requirements Meet Reality. J Law Med Ethics 34: 520-525  
• Schnittker, J., Liang, K. (2006). The promise and limits of racial/ethnic concordance in physician-patient interaction.. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 31: 811-838 [Abstract]  
• Sirovich, B. E., Gottlieb, D. J., Welch, H. G., Fisher, E. S. (2006). Regional Variations in Health Care Intensity and Physician Perceptions of Quality of Care. ANN INTERN MED 144: 641-649 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lemon, S. C., Zapka, J. G., Estabrook, B., Benjamin, E. (2006). Challenges to Research in Urban Community Health Centers. AJPH 96: 626-628 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McGinnis, S., Moore, J., Continelli, T. (2006). Practice patterns of underrepresented minority nurse practitioners in new york state, 2000.. Policy Politics Nursing Practice 7: 35-44 [Abstract]  
• Lathan, C. S., Neville, B. A., Earle, C. C. (2006). The Effect of Race on Invasive Staging and Surgery in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. JCO 24: 413-418 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Trivedi, A. N., Sequist, T. D., Ayanian, J. Z. (2006). Impact of Hospital Volume on Racial Disparities in Cardiovascular Procedure Mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 47: 417-424 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Adams, A. S., Zhang, F., Mah, C., Grant, R. W., Kleinman, K., Meigs, J. B., Ross-Degnan, D. (2005). Race Differences in Long-Term Diabetes Management in an HMO. Diabetes Care 28: 2844-2849 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Konrad, T. R., Howard, D. L., Edwards, L. J., Ivanova, A., Carey, T. S. (2005). Physician-Patient Racial Concordance, Continuity of Care, and Patterns of Care for Hypertension. AJPH 95: 2186-2190 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Walker, A. R P, Walker, B. F (2005). Socio-economic status: an insufficiently appreciated component of US health. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 125: 254-254