Cystatin C and the Risk of Death and Cardiovascular Events among Elderly Persons

doi:10.1056/NEJMoa043161

Volume 352:2049-2060		May 19, 2005		Number 20

Cystatin C and the Risk of Death and Cardiovascular Events among Elderly Persons

Michael G. Shlipak, M.D., M.P.H., Mark J. Sarnak, M.D., Ronit Katz, Ph.D., Linda F. Fried, M.D., M.P.H., Stephen L. Seliger, M.D., Anne B. Newman, M.D., M.P.H., David S. Siscovick, M.D., M.P.H., and Catherine Stehman-Breen, M.D.

Full Text

PDF

PDA Full Text

PowerPoint Slide Set

Editorial
by Stevens, L. A.

Letters

Add to Personal Archive

Add to Citation Manager

Notify a Friend

E-mail When Cited

E-mail When Letters Appear

PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background Cystatin C is a serum measure of renal function thatappears to be independent of age, sex, and lean muscle mass.We compared creatinine and cystatin C levels as predictors ofmortality from cardiovascular causes and from all causes inthe Cardiovascular Health Study, a cohort study of elderly personsliving in the community.

Methods Creatinine and cystatin C were measured in serum samplescollected from 4637 participants at the study visit in 1992or 1993; follow-up continued until June 30, 2001. For each measure,the study population was divided into quintiles, with the fifthquintile subdivided into thirds (designated 5a, 5b, and 5c).

Results Higher cystatin C levels were directly associated, ina dose–response manner, with a higher risk of death fromall causes. As compared with the first quintile, the hazardratios (and 95 percent confidence intervals) for death wereas follows: second quintile, 1.08 (0.86 to 1.35); third quintile,1.23 (1.00 to 1.53); fourth quintile, 1.34 (1.09 to 1.66); quintile5a, 1.77 (1.34 to 2.26); 5b, 2.18 (1.72 to 2.78); and 5c, 2.58(2.03 to 3.27). In contrast, the association of creatinine categorieswith mortality from all causes appeared to be J-shaped. As comparedwith the two lowest quintiles combined (cystatin C level, $≤$ 0.99mg per liter), the highest quintile of cystatin C ( $≥$ 1.29 mg perliter) was associated with a significantly elevated risk ofdeath from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 2.27 [1.73 to2.97]), myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 1.48 [1.08 to 2.02]),and stroke (hazard ratio, 1.47 [ 1.09 to 1.96]) after multivariateadjustment. The fifth quintile of creatinine, as compared withthe first quintile, was not independently associated with anyof these three outcomes.

Conclusions Cystatin C, a serum measure of renal function, isa stronger predictor of the risk of death and cardiovascularevents in elderly persons than is creatinine.

Source Information

From the General Internal Medicine Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco — both in San Francisco (M.G.S.); the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts–New England Medical Center, Boston (M.J.S.); the Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center, Seattle (R.K.); the Renal Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (L.F.F.); the Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.L.S.); the Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, and the Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (A.B.N.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (D.S.S.); and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, Calif. (C.S.-B.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Shlipak at the General Internal Medicine Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center (111A1), 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, CA 94121 or at shlip{at}itsa.ucsf.edu.

Full Text of this Article

Related Letters:

Cystatin C and the Risk of Death
Berghout A., Wulkan R. W., den Hollander J. G., Risch L., Drexel H., Huber A. R., Perkins B. A., Nelson R. G., Krolewski A. S., Shlipak M. G., Sarnak M. J., Fried L. F.
Extract | Full Text | PDF
N Engl J Med 2005; 353:842-844, Aug 25, 2005. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

Melander, O., Newton-Cheh, C., Almgren, P., Hedblad, B., Berglund, G., Engstrom, G., Persson, M., Smith, J. G., Magnusson, M., Christensson, A., Struck, J., Morgenthaler, N. G., Bergmann, A., Pencina, M. J., Wang, T. J. (2009). Novel and Conventional Biomarkers for Prediction of Incident Cardiovascular Events in the Community. JAMA 302: 49-57 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kurth, T., Jong, P. E d., Cook, N. R, Buring, J. E, Ridker, P. M (2009). Kidney function and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in women: a prospective cohort study. BMJ 338: b2392-b2392 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Windhausen, F., Hirsch, A., Fischer, J., van der Zee, P. M., Sanders, G. T., van Straalen, J. P., Cornel, J. H., Tijssen, J. G.P., Verheugt, F. W.A., de Winter, R. J., for the Invasive versus Conservative Treatment in, (2009). Cystatin C for Enhancement of Risk Stratification in Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with an Increased Troponin T. Clin. Chem. 55: 1118-1125 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Anderson, S., Halter, J. B., Hazzard, W. R., Himmelfarb, J., Horne, F. M., Kaysen, G. A., Kusek, J. W., Nayfield, S. G., Schmader, K., Tian, Y., Ashworth, J. R., Clayton, C. P., Parker, R. P., Tarver, E. D., Woolard, N. F., High, K. P., for the workshop participants, (2009). Prediction, Progression, and Outcomes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Older Adults. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20: 1199-1209 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Selvin, E., Kottgen, A., Coresh, J. (2009). Kidney function estimated from serum creatinine and cystatin C and peripheral arterial disease in NHANES 1999-2002. Eur Heart J 0: ehp195v1-ehp195 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Scrutinio, D., Passantino, A., Santoro, D., Cacciapaglia, E., Farinola, G. (2009). Prognostic value of formulas estimating excretory renal function in the elderly with systolic heart failure. Age Ageing 38: 296-301 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Madero, M., Wassel, C. L., Peralta, C. A., Najjar, S. S., Sutton-Tyrrell, K., Fried, L., Canada, R., Newman, A., Shlipak, M. G., Sarnak, M. J., for the Health ABC Study, (2009). Cystatin C Associates with Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20: 1086-1093 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Thompson, C. S., Hakim, A. M. (2009). Living Beyond Our Physiological Means: Small Vessel Disease of the Brain Is an Expression of a Systemic Failure in Arteriolar Function: A Unifying Hypothesis. Stroke 40: e322-e330 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bell, M., Granath, F., Martensson, J., Lofberg, E., Ekbom, A., Martling, C.-R., of KING (Karolinska Intensive care Nephrology Grou, (2009). Cystatin C is correlated with mortality in patients with and without acute kidney injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 0: gfp196v1-gfp196 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Koivuviita, N., Tertti, R., Jarvisalo, M., Pietila, M., Hannukainen, J., Sundell, J., Nuutila, P., Knuuti, J., Metsarinne, K. (2009). Increased basal myocardial perfusion in patients with chronic kidney disease without symptomatic coronary artery disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 0: gfp175v1-gfp175 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sandner, S. E., Zimpfer, D., Zrunek, P., Rajek, A., Schima, H., Dunkler, D., Grimm, M., Wolner, E., Wieselthaler, G. M. (2009). Renal Function and Outcome After Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 87: 1072-1078 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Alehagen, U., Dahlstrom, U., Lindahl, T. L. (2009). Cystatin C and NT-proBNP, a powerful combination of biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular mortality in elderly patients with heart failure: results from a 10-year study in primary care. Eur J Heart Fail 11: 354-360 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Asselbergs, F. W., Mozaffarian, D., Katz, R., Kestenbaum, B., Fried, L. F., Gottdiener, J. S., Shlipak, M. G., Siscovick, D. S. (2009). Association of renal function with cardiac calcifications in older adults: the cardiovascular health study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: 834-840 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Odden, M. C., Shlipak, M. G., Tager, I. B. (2009). Serum Creatinine and Functional Limitation in Elderly Persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 64A: 370-376 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Keller, T., Messow, C. M., Lubos, E., Nicaud, V., Wild, P. S., Rupprecht, H. J., Bickel, C., Tzikas, S., Peetz, D., Lackner, K. J., Tiret, L., Munzel, T. F., Blankenberg, S., Schnabel, R. B. (2009). Cystatin C and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and normal or mildly reduced kidney function: results from the AtheroGene study. Eur Heart J 30: 314-320 [Abstract] [Full Text]
de Ruijter, W., Westendorp, R. G J, Assendelft, W. J J, den Elzen, W. P J, de Craen, A. J M, le Cessie, S., Gussekloo, J. (2009). Use of Framingham risk score and new biomarkers to predict cardiovascular mortality in older people: population based observational cohort study. BMJ 338: a3083-a3083 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Rifkin, D. E., Shlipak, M. G., Katz, R., Fried, L. F., Siscovick, D., Chonchol, M., Newman, A. B., Sarnak, M. J. (2008). Rapid Kidney Function Decline and Mortality Risk in Older Adults. Arch Intern Med 168: 2212-2218 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kizer, J. R., Barzilay, J. I., Kuller, L. H., Gottdiener, J. S. (2008). Adiponectin and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Older Men and Women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93: 3357-3364 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Danziger, J. (2008). Importance of Low-Grade Albuminuria. Mayo Clin Proc. 83: 806-812 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Zethelius, B., Berglund, L., Sundstrom, J., Ingelsson, E., Basu, S., Larsson, A., Venge, P., Arnlov, J. (2008). Use of Multiple Biomarkers to Improve the Prediction of Death from Cardiovascular Causes. NEJM 358: 2107-2116 [Abstract] [Full Text]
de Lemos, J. A., Lloyd-Jones, D. M. (2008). Multiple Biomarker Panels for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment. NEJM 358: 2172-2174 [Full Text]
Astor, B. C., Hallan, S. I., Miller, E. R. III, Yeung, E., Coresh, J. (2008). Glomerular Filtration Rate, Albuminuria, and Risk of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in the US Population. Am J Epidemiol 167: 1226-1234 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Shah, S. J., Thenappan, T., Rich, S., Tian, L., Archer, S. L., Gomberg-Maitland, M. (2008). Association of Serum Creatinine With Abnormal Hemodynamics and Mortality in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 117: 2475-2483 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Cooke, J. P., Kimura, E., Harada, R. K., Nair, N., Narasimhan, B., Beck, K. R., Wilson, A. M., Meng, X.-Y., Zhang, F., Fung, E. T., Olin, J. W. (2008). Response to Letter Regarding Article, "{beta}2-Microglobulin as a Biomarker in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Proteomic Profiling and Clinical Studies". Circulation 117: e331-e331 [Full Text]
Carter, J. L., O'Riordan, S. E., Eaglestone, G. L., Delaney, M. P., Lamb, E. J. (2008). Chronic kidney disease prevalence in a UK residential care home population. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23: 1257-1264 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kestenbaum, B., Rudser, K. D., de Boer, I. H., Peralta, C. A., Fried, L. F., Shlipak, M. G., Palmas, W., Stehman-Breen, C., Siscovick, D. S. (2008). Differences in Kidney Function and Incident Hypertension: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. ANN INTERN MED 148: 501-508 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Astor, B.C., Yi, S., Hiremath, L., Corbin, T., Pogue, V., Wilkening, B., Peterson, G., Lewis, J., Lash, J.P., Van Lente, F., Gassman, J., Wang, X., Bakris, G., Appel, L.J., Contreras, G. (2008). N-Terminal Prohormone Brain Natriuretic Peptide as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Blacks With Hypertensive Kidney Disease: The African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK). Circulation 117: 1685-1692 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ix, J. H., Katz, R., Kestenbaum, B., Fried, L. F., Kramer, H., Stehman-Breen, C., Shlipak, M. G. (2008). Association of Mild to Moderate Kidney Dysfunction and Coronary Calcification. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 19: 579-585 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Menon, V., Sarnak, M. J., Shlipak, M. G. (2008). Cystatin C, Renal Function, and Cardiovascular Risk. ANN INTERN MED 148: 324-324 [Full Text]
RIFKIN, D., SARNAK, M. (2008). Q: Should all patients with chronic kidney disease take a statin?. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 75: 118-120 [Full Text]
Giles, P.D., Rylance, P.B., Crothers, D.C. (2008). New results from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study: the importance of clinical outcomes in test strategies for early chronic kidney disease. QJM 101: 155-158 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sarnak, M. J., Katz, R., Fried, L. F., Siscovick, D., Kestenbaum, B., Seliger, S., Rifkin, D., Tracy, R., Newman, A. B., Shlipak, M. G., for the Cardiovascular Health Study, (2008). Cystatin C and Aging Success. Arch Intern Med 168: 147-153 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Shinkai, S., Chaves, P. H. M., Fujiwara, Y., Watanabe, S., Shibata, H., Yoshida, H., Suzuki, T. (2008). {beta}2-Microglobulin for Risk Stratification of Total Mortality in the Elderly Population: Comparison With Cystatin C and C-Reactive Protein. Arch Intern Med 168: 200-206 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Pereg, D., Tirosh, A., Shochat, T., Hasdai, D., for the Metabolic, Lifestyle and Nutrition Assessm, (2008). Mild renal dysfunction associated with incident coronary artery disease in young males. Eur Heart J 29: 198-203 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Friedman, S. L. (2008). Hepatic Stellate Cells: Protean, Multifunctional, and Enigmatic Cells of the Liver. Physiol. Rev. 88: 125-172 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Seliger, S. L., Longstreth, W.T. Jr (2008). Lessons About Brain Vascular Disease From Another Pulsating Organ, the Kidney. Stroke 39: 5-6 [Full Text]
Ikram, M. A., Vernooij, M. W., Hofman, A., Niessen, W. J., van der Lugt, A., Breteler, M. M.B. (2008). Kidney Function Is Related to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Stroke 39: 55-61 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ni, L., Lu, J., Bo Hou, L., Tao Yan, J., Fan, Q., Hui, R., Cianflone, K., Wang, W., Wen Wang, D. (2007). Cystatin C, Associated With Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke, Is a Strong Predictor of the Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Death in Chinese. Stroke 38: 3287-3288 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bos, M. J., Koudstaal, P. J., Hofman, A., Breteler, M. M.B. (2007). Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate Is a Risk Factor for Hemorrhagic But Not for Ischemic Stroke: The Rotterdam Study. Stroke 38: 3127-3132 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Khatri, M., Wright, C. B., Nickolas, T. L., Yoshita, M., Paik, M. C., Kranwinkel, G., Sacco, R. L., DeCarli, C. (2007). Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated With White Matter Hyperintensity Volume: The Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS). Stroke 38: 3121-3126 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Odden, M. C., Scherzer, R., Bacchetti, P., Szczech, L. A., Sidney, S., Grunfeld, C., Shlipak, M. G. (2007). Cystatin C Level as a Marker of Kidney Function in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The FRAM Study. Arch Intern Med 167: 2213-2219 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Raymond, N. T., Zehnder, D., Smith, S. C. H., Stinson, J. A., Lehnert, H., Higgins, R. M. (2007). Elevated relative mortality risk with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease decreases with age. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22: 3214-3220 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Maahs, D. M., Ogden, L. G., Kretowski, A., Snell-Bergeon, J. K., Kinney, G. L., Berl, T., Rewers, M. (2007). Serum Cystatin C Predicts Progression of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 56: 2774-2779 [Abstract] [Full Text]
MacGregor, M. S. (2007). How common is early chronic kidney disease?: A Background Paper prepared for the UK Consensus Conference on Early Chronic Kidney Disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22: ix8-ix18 [Full Text]
Lassus, J., Harjola, V.-P., Sund, R., Siirila-Waris, K., Melin, J., Peuhkurinen, K., Pulkki, K., Nieminen, M. S., for the FINN-AKVA Study group, (2007). Prognostic value of cystatin C in acute heart failure in relation to other markers of renal function and NT-proBNP. Eur Heart J 28: 1841-1847 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ledoux, D., Monchi, M., Chapelle, J.-P., Damas, P. (2007). Cystatin C blood level as a risk factor for death after heart surgery. Eur Heart J 28: 1848-1853 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Menon, V., Shlipak, M. G., Wang, X., Coresh, J., Greene, T., Stevens, L., Kusek, J. W., Beck, G. J., Collins, A. J., Levey, A. S., Sarnak, M. J. (2007). Cystatin C as a Risk Factor for Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease. ANN INTERN MED 147: 19-27 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Schiffrin, E. L., Lipman, M. L., Mann, J. F.E. (2007). Chronic Kidney Disease: Effects on the Cardiovascular System. Circulation 116: 85-97 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Authors/Task Force Members, , Bassand, J.-P., Hamm, C. W., Ardissino, D., Boersma, E., Budaj, A., Fernandez-Aviles, F., Fox, K. A.A., Hasdai, D., Ohman, E. M., Wallentin, L., Wijns, W., ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), , Vahanian, A., Camm, J., De Caterina, R., Dean, V., Dickstein, K., Filippatos, G., Kristensen, S. D., Widimsky, P., McGregor, K., Sechtem, U., Tendera, M., Hellemans, I., Gomez, J. L. Z., Silber, S., Funck-Brentano, C., Document Reviewers, , Kristensen, S. D., Andreotti, F., Benzer, W., Bertrand, M., Betriu, A., De Caterina, R., DeSutter, J., Falk, V., Ortiz, A. F., Gitt, A., Hasin, Y., Huber, K., Kornowski, R., Lopez-Sendon, J., Morais, J., Nordrehaug, J. E., Silber, S., Steg, P. G., Thygesen, K., Tubaro, M., Turpie, A. G.G., Verheugt, F., Windecker, S. (2007). Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 28: 1598-1660 [Full Text]
Maaravi, Y., Bursztyn, M., Hammerman-Rozenberg, R., Stessman, J. (2007). Glomerular filtration rate estimation and mortality in an elderly population. QJM 100: 441-449 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Donahue, R. P., Stranges, S., Rejman, K., Rafalson, L. B., Dmochowski, J., Trevisan, M. (2007). Elevated Cystatin C Concentration and Progression to Pre-Diabetes: The Western New York Study. Diabetes Care 30: 1724-1729 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Araki, S.-i., Haneda, M., Koya, D., Hidaka, H., Sugimoto, T., Isono, M., Isshiki, K., Chin-Kanasaki, M., Uzu, T., Kashiwagi, A. (2007). Reduction in Microalbuminuria as an Integrated Indicator for Renal and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 56: 1727-1730 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kleber, M, Cybulla, M, Bauchmuller, K, Ihorst, G, Koch, B, Engelhardt, M (2007). Monitoring of renal function in cancer patients: an ongoing challenge for clinical practice. Ann Oncol 18: 950-958 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kestenbaum, B., Rudser, K. D., Shlipak, M. G., Fried, L. F., Newman, A. B., Katz, R., Sarnak, M. J., Seliger, S., Stehman-Breen, C., Prineas, R., Siscovick, D. S. (2007). Kidney Function, Electrocardiographic Findings, and Cardiovascular Events among Older Adults. CJASN 2: 501-508 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Rodondi, N., Yerly, P., Gabriel, A., Riesen, W. F., Burnier, M., Paccaud, F., Bovet, P. (2007). Microalbuminuria, but not cystatin C, is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged adults. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22: 1107-1114 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Singh, D., Whooley, M. A., Ix, J. H., Ali, S., Shlipak, M. G. (2007). Association of cystatin C and estimated GFR with inflammatory biomarkers: the Heart and Soul Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22: 1087-1092 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Perkins, B. A., Ficociello, L. H., Ostrander, B. E., Silva, K. H., Weinberg, J., Warram, J. H., Krolewski, A. S. (2007). Microalbuminuria and the Risk for Early Progressive Renal Function Decline in Type 1 Diabetes. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18: 1353-1361 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kottgen, A., Russell, S. D., Loehr, L. R., Crainiceanu, C. M., Rosamond, W. D., Chang, P. P., Chambless, L. E., Coresh, J. (2007). Reduced Kidney Function as a Risk Factor for Incident Heart Failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18: 1307-1315 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Pucci, L., Triscornia, S., Lucchesi, D., Fotino, C., Pellegrini, G., Pardini, E., Miccoli, R., Del Prato, S., Penno, G. (2007). Cystatin C and Estimates of Renal Function: Searching for a Better Measure of Kidney Function in Diabetic Patients. Clin. Chem. 53: 480-488 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Van Biesen, W., De Bacquer, D., Verbeke, F., Delanghe, J., Lameire, N., Vanholder, R. (2007). The glomerular filtration rate in an apparently healthy population and its relation with cardiovascular mortality during 10 years. Eur Heart J 28: 478-483 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ix, J. H., Shlipak, M. G., Chertow, G. M., Whooley, M. A. (2007). Association of Cystatin C With Mortality, Cardiovascular Events, and Incident Heart Failure Among Persons With Coronary Heart Disease: Data From the Heart and Soul Study. Circulation 115: 173-179 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Fried, L. F., Biggs, M. L., Shlipak, M. G., Seliger, S., Kestenbaum, B., Stehman-Breen, C., Sarnak, M., Siscovick, D., Harris, T., Cauley, J., Newman, A. B., Robbins, J. (2007). Association of Kidney Function with Incident Hip Fracture in Older Adults. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18: 282-286 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Odden, M. C., Chertow, G. M., Fried, L. F., Newman, A. B., Connelly, S., Angleman, S., Harris, T. B., Simonsick, E. M., Shlipak, M. G., for the HABC Study, (2006). Cystatin C and Measures of Physical Function in Elderly Adults: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (HABC) Study. Am J Epidemiol 164: 1180-1189 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wannamethee, S. G., Shaper, A. G., Lowe, G. D.O., Lennon, L., Rumley, A., Whincup, P. H. (2006). Renal function and cardiovascular mortality in elderly men: the role of inflammatory, procoagulant, and endothelial biomarkers. Eur Heart J 27: 2975-2981 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Levey, A. S., Stevens, L. A., Hostetter, T. (2006). Automatic Reporting of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate--Just What the Doctor Ordered. Clin. Chem. 52: 2188-2193 [Full Text]
Wattanakit, K., Coresh, J., Muntner, P., Marsh, J., Folsom, A. R. (2006). Cardiovascular Risk Among Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease, With or Without Prior Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 48: 1183-1189 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Shlipak, M. G., Katz, R., Sarnak, M. J., Fried, L. F., Newman, A. B., Stehman-Breen, C., Seliger, S. L., Kestenbaum, B., Psaty, B., Tracy, R. P., Siscovick, D. S. (2006). Cystatin C and Prognosis for Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes in Elderly Persons without Chronic Kidney Disease. ANN INTERN MED 145: 237-246 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Tonelli, M., Sacks, F., Pfeffer, M., Gao, Z.H., Curhan, G., for the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Tr, , Rossing, P., Rossing, K., Gaede, P., Pedersen, O., Parving, H.-H. (2006). Serum Phosphate: A Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factor Even in Nonrenal Patients: Relation between Serum Phosphate Level and Cardiovascular Event Rate in People with Coronary Disease. Circulation 112: 2627-2633, 2005. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17: 2077-2085 [Full Text]
Amann, K., Wanner, C., Ritz, E. (2006). Cross-Talk between the Kidney and the Cardiovascular System. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17: 2112-2119 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Hankey, G. J. (2006). Potential New Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke: What Is Their Potential?. Stroke 37: 2181-2188 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bibbins-Domingo, K., Chertow, G. M., Fried, L. F., Odden, M. C., Newman, A. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Harris, T. B., Satterfield, S., Cummings, S. R., Shlipak, M. G. (2006). Renal function and heart failure risk in older black and white individuals: the health, aging, and body composition study.. Arch Intern Med 166: 1396-1402 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Tonelli, M., Wiebe, N., Culleton, B., House, A., Rabbat, C., Fok, M., McAlister, F., Garg, A. X. (2006). Chronic Kidney Disease and Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17: 2034-2047 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Stevens, L. A., Coresh, J., Greene, T., Levey, A. S. (2006). Assessing kidney function--measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate.. NEJM 354: 2473-2483 [Full Text]
Smith, G. L., Shlipak, M. G., Havranek, E. P., Foody, J. M., Masoudi, F. A., Rathore, S. S., Krumholz, H. M. (2006). Serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, and estimators of renal function: mortality in older patients with cardiovascular disease.. Arch Intern Med 166: 1134-1142 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Vasan, R. S. (2006). Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Basis and Practical Considerations. Circulation 113: 2335-2362 [Full Text]
Stavro, P. M., Woo, M., Leiter, L. A., Heim, T. F., Sievenpiper, J. L., Vuksan, V. (2006). Long-Term Intake of North American Ginseng Has No Effect on 24-Hour Blood Pressure and Renal Function. Hypertension 47: 791-796 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Maaravi, Y., Bursztyn, M., Hammerman-Rozenberg, R., Cohen, A., Stessman, J. (2006). Moderate renal insufficiency at 70 years predicts mortality. QJM 99: 97-102 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Westhuyzen, J. (2006). Cystatin C: a Promising Marker and Predictor of Impaired Renal Function. Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science 36: 387-394 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Van Biesen, W., Vanholder, R., Veys, N., Verbeke, F., Delanghe, J., De Bacquer, D., Lameire, N. (2006). The importance of standardization of creatinine in the implementation of guidelines and recommendations for CKD: implications for CKD management programmes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21: 77-83 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Shlipak, M. G., Fyr, C. L. W., Chertow, G. M., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Tylavsky, F. A., Satterfield, S., Cummings, S. R., Newman, A. B., Fried, L. F. (2006). Cystatin C and Mortality Risk in the Elderly: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17: 254-261 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Brugts, J. J., Knetsch, A. M., Mattace-Raso, F. U. S., Hofman, A., Witteman, J. C. M. (2005). Renal Function and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in an Elderly Population: The Rotterdam Study. Arch Intern Med 165: 2659-2665 [Abstract] [Full Text]

Comments and questions? Please contact us.