FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 354:588-600 February 9, 2006 Number 6 Next

	Full Text PDF PDA Full Text PowerPoint Slide Set Supplementary Material Perspective by del Zoppo, G. J. Letters Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited E-mail When Letters Appear PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background NXY-059 is a free-radical–trapping agent that is neuroprotective in animal models of stroke. We tested whether it would reduce disability in humans after acute ischemic stroke.

Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 1722 patients with acute ischemic stroke who were randomly assigned to receive a 72-hour infusion of placebo or intravenous NXY-059 within 6 hours after the onset of the stroke. The primary outcome was disability at 90 days, as measured according to scores on the modified Rankin scale for disability (range, 0 to 5, with 0 indicating no residual symptoms and 5 indicating bedbound, requiring constant care).

Results Among the 1699 subjects included in the efficacy analysis, NXY-059 significantly improved the overall distribution of scores on the modified Rankin scale, as compared with placebo (P=0.038 by the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test). The common odds ratio for improvement across all categories of the scale was 1.20 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.42). Mortality and rates of serious and nonserious adverse events were each similar in the two groups. NXY-059 did not improve neurologic functioning as measured according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS): the difference between the two groups in the change from baseline scores was 0.1 point (95 percent confidence interval, –1.4 to 1.1; P=0.86). Likewise, no improvement was observed according to the Barthel index (P=0.14). In a post hoc analysis of patients who also received alteplase, NXY-059 was associated with a lower incidence of any hemorrhagic transformation (P=0.001) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (P=0.036).

Conclusions The administration of NXY-059 within six hours after the onset of acute ischemic stroke significantly improved the primary outcome (reduced disability at 90 days), but it did not significantly improve other outcome measures, including neurologic functioning as measured by the NIHSS score. Additional research is needed to confirm whether NXY-059 is beneficial in ischemic stroke. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00119626 [ClinicalTrials.gov] .)

Source Information

From the Acute Stroke Unit and Cerebrovascular Clinic, University Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Gardiner Institute, Western Infirmary, Glasgow (K.R.L.); the Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J.A.Z.); AstraZeneca Research and Development Södertälje, Medical Neuroscience, Södertälje, Sweden (T.A., H.-G.H.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain (A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (S.M.D.); the Department of Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.-C.D.); the Department of Neurology, University of Texas–Houston Medical School, Houston (J.G.); University of California, San Diego, Stroke Center, La Jolla (P.L.); the Department of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (A.S.); and AstraZeneca, Clinical Research, Emerging Products, Wilmington, Del. (W.W.W.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Lees at the Acute Stroke Unit and Cerebrovascular Clinic, University Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Gardiner Institute, Western Infirmary, 44 Church St., Glasgow G11 6NT, United Kingdom, or at k.r.lees{at}clinmed.gla.ac.uk.

Full Text of this Article

Related Letters:

NXY-059 for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Serebruany V., Koziol J. A., Lees K. R., Lyden P., Shuaib A.
Extract | Full Text | PDF  
N Engl J Med 2006; 354:2075-2076, May 11, 2006. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Fisher, M., Feuerstein, G., Howells, D. W., Hurn, P. D., Kent, T. A., Savitz, S. I., Lo, E. H., for the STAIR Group, (2009). Update of the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable Preclinical Recommendations. Stroke 40: 2244-2250 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schumacher, H. C., Meyers, P. M., Higashida, R. T., Derdeyn, C. P., Lavine, S. D., Nesbit, G. M., Sacks, D., Rasmussen, P., Wechsler, L. R. (2009). Reporting Standards for Angioplasty and Stent-Assisted Angioplasty for Intracranial Atherosclerosis. Stroke 40: e348-e365 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mandava, P., Kent, T. A. (2009). A Method to Determine Stroke Trial Success Using Multidimensional Pooled Control Functions. Stroke 40: 1803-1810 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wasiewski, W. W. (2009). To Phase 3 or Not to Phase 3?. Stroke 40: 1553-1554 [Full Text]  
• Brown, D. L., Coffey, C. S. (2009). Stroke trials: A shift to shift analysis?. Neurology 72: 1292-1293 [Full Text]  
• Saver, J. L., Gornbein, J. (2009). Treatment effects for which shift or binary analyses are advantageous in acute stroke trials. Neurology 72: 1310-1315 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Whitehead, J., Bolland, K., Valdes-Marquez, E., Lihic, A., Ali, M., Lees, K., for the VISTA Collaborators, (2009). Using Historical Lesion Volume Data in the Design of a New Phase II Clinical Trial in Acute Stroke. Stroke 40: 1347-1352 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• The Optimising the Analysis of Stroke Trials (OAST, (2009). Should Stroke Trials Adjust Functional Outcome for Baseline Prognostic Factors?. Stroke 40: 888-894 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ginsberg, M. D. (2009). Current Status of Neuroprotection for Cerebral Ischemia: Synoptic Overview. Stroke 40: S111-S114 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hemmen, T. M., Lyden, P. D. (2009). Multimodal Neuroprotective Therapy With Induced Hypothermia After Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 40: S126-S128 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Savitz, S. I. (2009). Cosmic Implications of NXY-059. Stroke 40: S115-S118 [Full Text]  
• Yagi, K., Kitazato, K. T., Uno, M., Tada, Y., Kinouchi, T., Shimada, K., Nagahiro, S. (2009). Edaravone, a Free Radical Scavenger, Inhibits MMP-9-Related Brain Hemorrhage in Rats Treated With Tissue Plasminogen Activator. Stroke 40: 626-631 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ali, M., Atula, S., Bath, P. M.W., Grotta, J., Hacke, W., Lyden, P., Marler, J. R., Sacco, R. L., Lees, K. R., for the VISTA Investigators, (2009). Stroke Outcome in Clinical Trial Patients Deriving From Different Countries. Stroke 40: 35-40 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Alberts, M. J., Felberg, R. A., Guterman, L. R., Levine, S. R., for Writing Group 4, (2008). Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Symposium II: Stroke Intervention: State of the Art. Circulation 118: 2845-2851 [Full Text]  
• Neumar, R. W., Nolan, J. P., Adrie, C., Aibiki, M., Berg, R. A., Bottiger, B. W., Callaway, C., Clark, R. S.B., Geocadin, R. G., Jauch, E. C., Kern, K. B., Laurent, I., Longstreth, W.T. Jr, Merchant, R. M., Morley, P., Morrison, L. J., Nadkarni, V., Peberdy, M. A., Rivers, E. P., Rodriguez-Nunez, A., Sellke, F. W., Spaulding, C., Sunde, K., Vanden Hoek, T. (2008). Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prognostication A Consensus Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (American Heart Association, Australian and New Zealand Council on Resuscitation, European Resuscitation Council, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, InterAmerican Heart Foundation, Resuscitation Council of Asia, and the Resuscitation Council of Southern Africa); the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; the Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care; the Council on Clinical Cardiology; and the Stroke Council. Circulation 118: 2452-2483 [Full Text]  
• Fink, J. N., Frampton, C. M., Lyden, P., Lees, K. R., on behalf of the VISTA Investigators, (2008). Does Hemispheric Lateralization Influence Functional and Cardiovascular Outcomes After Stroke?: An Analysis of Placebo-Treated Patients From Prospective Acute Stroke Trials. Stroke 39: 3335-3340 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cadilhac, D A, Pearce, D C, Levi, C R, Donnan, G A, on behalf of the Greater Metropolitan Clinical Tas, (2008). Improvements in the quality of care and health outcomes with new stroke care units following implementation of a clinician-led, health system redesign programme in New South Wales, Australia. Qual Saf Health Care 17: 329-333 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Macleod, M. R., van der Worp, H. B., Sena, E. S., Howells, D. W., Dirnagl, U., Donnan, G. A. (2008). Evidence for the Efficacy of NXY-059 in Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischaemia Is Confounded by Study Quality. Stroke 39: 2824-2829 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hacke, W., Kaste, M., Bluhmki, E., Brozman, M., Davalos, A., Guidetti, D., Larrue, V., Lees, K. R., Medeghri, Z., Machnig, T., Schneider, D., von Kummer, R., Wahlgren, N., Toni, D., the ECASS Investigators, (2008). Thrombolysis with Alteplase 3 to 4.5 Hours after Acute Ischemic Stroke. NEJM 359: 1317-1329 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sugiura, S., Iwaisako, K., Toyota, S., Takimoto, H. (2008). Simultaneous Treatment with Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Within 3 Hours of Onset. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 29: 1061-1066 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Diener, H.-C., Lees, K. R., Lyden, P., Grotta, J., Davalos, A., Davis, S. M., Shuaib, A., Ashwood, T., Wasiewski, W., Alderfer, V., Hardemark, H.-G., Rodichok, L., for the SAINT I and II Investigators, (2008). NXY-059 for the Treatment of Acute Stroke: Pooled Analysis of the SAINT I and II Trials. Stroke 39: 1751-1758 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sacchetti, M. L. (2008). Is It Time to Definitely Abandon Neuroprotection in Acute Ischemic Stroke?. Stroke 39: 1659-1660 [Full Text]  
• Konig, I. R., Ziegler, A., Bluhmki, E., Hacke, W., Bath, P. M.W., Sacco, R. L., Diener, H. C., Weimar, C., on behalf of the Virtual International Stroke Tria, (2008). Predicting Long-Term Outcome After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Simple Index Works in Patients From Controlled Clinical Trials. Stroke 39: 1821-1826 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Diener, H.-C., Schneider, D., Lampl, Y., Bornstein, N. M., Kozak, A., Rosenberg, G., on Behalf of the Study Group, (2008). DP-b99, a Membrane-Activated Metal Ion Chelator, as Neuroprotective Therapy in Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 39: 1774-1778 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Savitz, S. I., Schabitz, W.-R. (2008). A Critique of SAINT II: Wishful Thinking, Dashed Hopes, and the Future of Neuroprotection for Acute Stroke. Stroke 39: 1389-1391 [Full Text]  
• Quinn, T. J., Lees, K. R. (2008). Advances in Emerging Therapies 2007. Stroke 39: 255-257 [Full Text]  
• Hussain, M. S., Shuaib, A. (2008). Research Into Neuroprotection Must Continue ... but With a Different Approach. Stroke 39: 521-522 [Full Text]  
• Rother, J. (2008). Neuroprotection Does Not Work!. Stroke 39: 523-524 [Full Text]  
• Donnan, G. A., Davis, S. M. (2008). Neuroprotection: Still Achievable in Humans. Stroke 39: 525-525 [Full Text]  
• Adams, H. P. Jr, Effron, M. B., Torner, J., Davalos, A., Frayne, J., Teal, P., Leclerc, J., Oemar, B., Padgett, L., Barnathan, E. S., Hacke, W., for the AbESTT-II Investigators, (2008). Emergency Administration of Abciximab for Treatment of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: Results of an International Phase III Trial: Abciximab in Emergency Treatment of Stroke Trial (AbESTT-II). Stroke 39: 87-99 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Donnan, G. A. (2008). The 2007 Feinberg Lecture: A New Road Map for Neuroprotection. Stroke 39: 242-242 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Miller, S. W., Palesch, Y. Y. (2008). Comments Regarding the Recent OAST Article. Stroke 39: e14-e14 [Full Text]  
• Kelly, P. J., Morrow, J. D., Ning, M., Koroshetz, W., Lo, E. H., Terry, E., Milne, G. L., Hubbard, J., Lee, H., Stevenson, E., Lederer, M., Furie, K. L (2008). Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Biomarker Evaluation for Antioxidant Therapies in Stroke (BEAT-Stroke) Study. Stroke 39: 100-104 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Savitz, S. I., Lew, R., Bluhmki, E., Hacke, W., Fisher, M. (2007). Shift Analysis Versus Dichotomization of the Modified Rankin Scale Outcome Scores in the NINDS and ECASS-II Trials. Stroke 38: 3205-3212 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, R., Lagakos, S. W., Ware, J. H., Hunter, D. J., Drazen, J. M. (2007). Statistics in Medicine -- Reporting of Subgroup Analyses in Clinical Trials. NEJM 357: 2189-2194 [Full Text]  
• Fisher, M., Hess, D. C., Lees, K. (2007). Issues Pertaining to the Critiques of the SAINT-I Trial. Stroke 38: e126-e127 [Full Text]  
• Ginsberg, M. D. (2007). Response to Letter by Fisher et al. Stroke 38: e128-e128 [Full Text]  
• Saver, J. L. (2007). Novel End Point Analytic Techniques and Interpreting Shifts Across the Entire Range of Outcome Scales in Acute Stroke Trials. Stroke 38: 3055-3062 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Proctor, P. H., Tamborello, L. P. (2007). SAINT-I Worked, But the Neuroprotectant Is Not NXY-059. Stroke 38: e109-e109 [Full Text]  
• Lees, K. R., Ashwood, T., Odergren, T. (2007). Response to Letter by Proctor and Tamborello. Stroke 38: e110-e110 [Full Text]  
• Shuaib, A., Lees, K. R., Lyden, P., Grotta, J., Davalos, A., Davis, S. M., Diener, H.-C., Ashwood, T., Wasiewski, W. W., Emeribe, U., the SAINT II Trial Investigators, (2007). NXY-059 for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke. NEJM 357: 562-571 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van der Worp, H. B., van Gijn, J. (2007). Acute Ischemic Stroke. NEJM 357: 572-579 [Full Text]  
• Lyden, P. D., Shuaib, A., Lees, K. R., Davalos, A., Davis, S. M., Diener, H.-C., Grotta, J. C., Ashwood, T. J., Hardemark, H.-G., Svensson, H. H., Rodichok, L., Wasiewski, W. W., Ahlberg, G., for the CHANT Trial Investigators, (2007). Safety and Tolerability of NXY-059 for Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The CHANT Trial. Stroke 38: 2262-2269 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Quinn, T. J., Lees, K. R., Hardemark, H.-G., Dawson, J., Walters, M. R. (2007). Initial Experience of a Digital Training Resource for Modified Rankin Scale Assessment in Clinical Trials. Stroke 38: 2257-2261 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Amaro, S., Soy, D., Obach, V., Cervera, A., Planas, A. M., Chamorro, A. (2007). A Pilot Study of Dual Treatment With Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Uric Acid in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 38: 2173-2175 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• The IMS II Trial Investigators, (2007). The Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) II Study. Stroke 38: 2127-2135 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dawson, J., Lees, J. S., Chang, T.-P., Walters, M. R., Ali, M., Davis, S. M., Diener, H.-C., Lees, K. R., for the GAIN and VISTA Investigators, (2007). Association Between Disability Measures and Healthcare Costs After Initial Treatment for Acute Stroke. Stroke 38: 1893-1898 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ali, M., Bath, P. M.W., Curram, J., Davis, S. M., Diener, H.-C., Donnan, G. A., Fisher, M., Gregson, B. A., Grotta, J., Hacke, W., Hennerici, M. G., Hommel, M., Kaste, M., Marler, J. R., Sacco, R. L., Teal, P., Wahlgren, N.-G., Warach, S., Weir, C. J., Lees, K. R. (2007). The Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive. Stroke 38: 1905-1910 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• The Optimising Analysis of Stroke Trials (OAST) Co, (2007). Can We Improve the Statistical Analysis of Stroke Trials?: Statistical Reanalysis of Functional Outcomes in Stroke Trials * OAST Supplemental Appendix I: Statistical Tests Compared (see Table I) * OAST Supplemental Appendix II: Supplementary Analyses * OAST Supplemental Appendix III: Trial Data (see Tables II and III) * OAST Supplemental Appendix IV: Results (see Table IV). Stroke 38: 1911-1915 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ginsberg, M. D. (2007). Life After Cerovive: A Personal Perspective on Ischemic Neuroprotection in the Post-NXY-059 Era. Stroke 38: 1967-1972 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Castellanos, M., Sobrino, T., Millan, M., Garcia, M., Arenillas, J., Nombela, F., Brea, D., Perez de la Ossa, N., Serena, J., Vivancos, J., Castillo, J., Davalos, A. (2007). Serum Cellular Fibronectin and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 as Screening Biomarkers for the Prediction of Parenchymal Hematoma After Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Multicenter Confirmatory Study. Stroke 38: 1855-1859 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Adams, H. P. Jr, del Zoppo, G., Alberts, M. J., Bhatt, D. L., Brass, L., Furlan, A., Grubb, R. L., Higashida, R. T., Jauch, E. C., Kidwell, C., Lyden, P. D., Morgenstern, L. B., Qureshi, A. I., Rosenwasser, R. H., Scott, P. A., Wijdicks, E. F.M. (2007). Guidelines for the Early Management of Adults With Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists.. Circulation 115: e478-e534 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Saver, J. L. (2007). Clinical Impact of NXY-059 Demonstrated in the SAINT I Trial: Derivation of Number Needed to Treat for Benefit Over Entire Range of Functional Disability. Stroke 38: 1515-1518 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Adams, H. P. Jr, del Zoppo, G., Alberts, M. J., Bhatt, D. L., Brass, L., Furlan, A., Grubb, R. L., Higashida, R. T., Jauch, E. C., Kidwell, C., Lyden, P. D., Morgenstern, L. B., Qureshi, A. I., Rosenwasser, R. H., Scott, P. A., Wijdicks, E. F.M. (2007). Guidelines for the Early Management of Adults With Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke 38: 1655-1711 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cramer, S. C., Koroshetz, W. J., Finklestein, S. P. (2007). The Case for Modality-Specific Outcome Measures in Clinical Trials of Stroke Recovery-Promoting Agents. Stroke 38: 1393-1395 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Banks, J. L., Marotta, C. A. (2007). Outcomes Validity and Reliability of the Modified Rankin Scale: Implications for Stroke Clinical Trials: A Literature Review and Synthesis. Stroke 38: 1091-1096 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Greenberg, S. M. (2007). Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Introduction. Stroke 38: 746-747 [Full Text]  
• Goldberg, M. P. (2007). New Approaches to Clinical Trials in Neuroprotection: Introduction. Stroke 38: 789-790 [Full Text]  
• Zivin, J. A. (2007). Clinical Trials of Neuroprotective Therapies. Stroke 38: 791-793 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tilley, B. C., Galpern, W. R. (2007). Screening Potential Therapies: Lessons Learned From New Paradigms Used in Parkinson Disease. Stroke 38: 800-803 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Howard, G. (2007). Nonconventional Clinical Trial Designs: Approaches to Provide More Precise Estimates of Treatment Effects With a Smaller Sample Size, but at a Cost. Stroke 38: 804-808 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nilsson, D., Wemer, J., Cheng, Y.-F., Reinholdsson, I., Englund, G., Egberg, N., Schulman, S. (2007). NXY-059 Does Not Affect Bleeding Time in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 3-Period Crossover Phase I Study. J Clin Pharmacol 47: 264-272 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Koziol, J. A., Feng, A. C. (2007). Response to Letter by Saver. Stroke 38: 258-258 [Full Text]  
• Sena, E., Wheble, P., Sandercock, P., Macleod, M. (2007). Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Tirilazad in Experimental Stroke. Stroke 38: 388-394 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lees, K. R., Dawson, J. (2007). Advances in Emerging Therapies 2006. Stroke 38: 219-221 [Full Text]  
• Fisher, M., Hanley, D. F., Howard, G., Jauch, E. C., Warach, S., for the STAIR Group, (2007). Recommendations From the STAIR V Meeting on Acute Stroke Trials, Technology and Outcomes. Stroke 38: 245-248 [Full Text]  
• Khatri, P., Wechsler, L. R., Broderick, J. P. (2007). Intracranial Hemorrhage Associated With Revascularization Therapies. Stroke 38: 431-440 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pacher, P., Beckman, J. S., Liaudet, L. (2007). Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in Health and Disease. Physiol. Rev. 87: 315-424 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dzialowski, I., Pexman, J. H. W., Barber, P. A., Demchuk, A. M., Buchan, A. M., Hill, M. D., on behalf of the CASES Investigators, (2007). Asymptomatic Hemorrhage After Thrombolysis May Not Be Benign: Prognosis by Hemorrhage Type in the Canadian Alteplase for Stroke Effectiveness Study Registry. Stroke 38: 75-79 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Saqqur, M., Molina, C. A., Salam, A., Siddiqui, M., Ribo, M., Uchino, K., Calleja, S., Garami, Z., Khan, K., Akhtar, N., O'Rourke, F., Shuaib, A., Demchuk, A. M., Alexandrov, A. V., for the CLOTBUST Investigators, (2007). Clinical Deterioration After Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment: A Multicenter Transcranial Doppler Study. Stroke 38: 69-74 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pocock, S. J (2006). Current controversies in data monitoring for clinical trials. Clin Trials 3: 513-521 [Abstract]  
• Serebruany, V. L. (2006). Hypokalemia, Cardiac Failure, and Reporting NXY-059 Safety for Acute Stroke. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER 11: 229-231 [Abstract]  
• Buchan, A. M (2006). Acute stroke treatment: the end of the first decade. PN 6: 338-340 [Full Text]  
• Strid, S., Nilsson, D., Borga, O., Wemer, J., Grahnen, A. (2006). NXY-059 Does Not Significantly Interact With Furosemide in Healthy Volunteers.. J Clin Pharmacol 46: 1417-1425 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lees, K. R., Davalos, A., Davis, S. M., Diener, H.-C., Grotta, J., Lyden, P., Shuaib, A., Ashwood, T., Hardemark, H.-G., Wasiewski, W., Emeribe, U., Zivin, J. A., for the SAINT I Investigators, (2006). Additional Outcomes and Subgroup Analyses of NXY-059 for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the SAINT I Trial. Stroke 37: 2970-2978 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dawson, J., Walters, M. (2006). New and emerging treatments for stroke. Br Med Bull 0: ldl011v1-16 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tomsick, T. A. (2006). 2006: A Stroke Odyssey. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 27: 2019-2021 [Full Text]  
• Hess, D. C. (2006). NXY-059: A Hopeful Sign in the Treatment of Stroke. Stroke 37: 2649-2650 [Full Text]  
• Koziol, J. A., Feng, A. C. (2006). On the Analysis and Interpretation of Outcome Measures in Stroke Clinical Trials: Lessons From the SAINT I Study of NXY-059 for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 37: 2644-2647 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kojima, S. (2006). Change erythrocytes into thrombolytic agents. Blood 108: 1789-1790 [Full Text]  
• Khatri, P., Broderick, J. (2006). Measuring Treatment Effect in Acute Stroke Trials. Stroke 37: 2204-2204 [Full Text]  
• Fisher, M., Lees, K., Papadakis, M., Buchan, A. M. (2006). NXY-059: Brain or Vessel Protection. Stroke 37: 2189-2190 [Full Text]  
• Kissela, B. (2006). The Value of Quality of Life Research in Stroke. Stroke 37: 1958-1959 [Full Text]  
• Serebruany, V., Koziol, J. A., Lees, K. R., Lyden, P., Shuaib, A. (2006). NXY-059 for acute ischemic stroke.. NEJM 354: 2075-2076 [Full Text]  
• Fisher, M., Davalos, A., Rogalewski, A., Schneider, A., Ringelstein, E. B., Schabitz, W.-R. (2006). Toward a Multimodal Neuroprotective Treatment of Stroke. Stroke 37: 1129-1136 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fong, J. J, Rhoney, D. H (2006). NXY-059: Review of Neuroprotective Potential for Acute Stroke. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 40: 461-471 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• (2006). Free-Radical-Trapping Agent for Acute Ischemic Stroke. JWatch Gastroenterology 2006: 10-10 [Full Text]  
• (2006). Free-Radical-Trapping Agent for Acute Ischemic Stroke. JWatch General 2006: 4-4 [Full Text]