FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Published at www.nejm.org July 29, 2007 (10.1056/NEJMoa073493)

	Full Text PDF Supplementary Material Editorial by Peltonen, L. Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background Multiple sclerosis has a clinically significant heritable component. We conducted a genomewide association study to identify alleles associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis.

Methods We used DNA microarray technology to identify common DNA sequence variants in 931 family trios (consisting of an affected child and both parents) and tested them for association. For replication, we genotyped another 609 family trios, 2322 case subjects, and 789 control subjects and used genotyping data from two external control data sets. A joint analysis of data from 12,360 subjects was performed to estimate the overall significance and effect size of associations between alleles and the risk of multiple sclerosis.

Results A transmission disequilibrium test of 334,923 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 931 family trios revealed 49 SNPs having an association with multiple sclerosis (P<1x10^–4); of these SNPs, 38 were selected for the second-stage analysis. A comparison between the 931 case subjects from the family trios and 2431 control subjects identified an additional nonoverlapping 32 SNPs (P<0.001). An additional 40 SNPs with less stringent P values (<0.01) were also selected, for a total of 110 SNPs for the second-stage analysis. Of these SNPs, two within the interleukin-2 receptor gene (IL2RA) were strongly associated with multiple sclerosis (P=2.96x10^–8), as were a nonsynonymous SNP in the interleukin-7 receptor gene (IL7RA) (P=2.94x10^–7) and multiple SNPs in the HLA-DRA locus (P=8.94x10^–81).

Conclusions Alleles of IL2RA and IL7RA and those in the HLA locus are identified as heritable risk factors for multiple sclerosis.

Source Information

The writing group (David A. Hafler, M.D., Alastair Compston, F.Med.Sci., Ph.D., Stephen Sawcer, M.B., Ch.B., Ph.D., Eric S. Lander, Ph.D., Mark J. Daly, Ph.D., Philip L. De Jager, M.D., Ph.D., Paul I.W. de Bakker, Ph.D., Stacey B. Gabriel, Ph.D., Daniel B. Mirel, Ph.D., Adrian J. Ivinson, Ph.D., Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Ph.D., Simon G. Gregory, Ph.D., John D. Rioux, Ph.D., Jacob L. McCauley, Ph.D., Jonathan L. Haines, Ph.D., Lisa F. Barcellos, Ph.D., Bruce Cree, M.D., Ph.D., Jorge R. Oksenberg, Ph.D., and Stephen L. Hauser, M.D.) assume responsibility for the overall content and integrity of the article.

This article (10.1056/NEJMoa073493) was published at www.nejm.org on July 29, 2007. It will appear in the August 30 issue of the Journal.

Full Text of this Article

This article has been cited by other articles:

• The International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Cons, (2010). Comprehensive follow-up of the first genome-wide association study of multiple sclerosis identifies KIF21B and TMEM39A as susceptibility loci. Hum Mol Genet 19: 953-962 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Saito, Y., Kitamura, H., Hijikata, A., Tomizawa-Murasawa, M., Tanaka, S., Takagi, S., Uchida, N., Suzuki, N., Sone, A., Najima, Y., Ozawa, H., Wake, A., Taniguchi, S., Shultz, L. D., Ohara, O., Ishikawa, F. (2010). Identification of Therapeutic Targets for Quiescent, Chemotherapy-Resistant Human Leukemia Stem Cells. Sci Transl Med 2: 17ra9-17ra9 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bieber, A. J., Suwansrinon, K., Kerkvliet, J., Zhang, W., Pease, L. R., Rodriguez, M. (2010). Allelic variation in the Tyk2 and EGF genes as potential genetic determinants of CNS repair. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107: 792-797 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wu, J.-S., Qiu, W., Castley, A., James, I., Mastaglia, F. L, Christiansen, F. T, Carroll, W. M, Joseph, J., Kermode, A. G (2010). Modifying effects of HLA-DRB1 allele interactions on age at onset of multiple sclerosis in Western Australia. Mult Scler 16: 15-20 [Abstract]  
• Martinez, A, Perdigones, N, Cenit, M C, Espino, L, Varade, J, Lamas, J R, Santiago, J L, Fernandez-Arquero, M, de la Calle, H, Arroyo, R, de la Concha, E G, Fernandez-Gutierrez, B, Urcelay, E (2010). Chromosomal region 16p13: further evidence of increased predisposition to immune diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 69: 309-311 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ramagopalan, S. V., Link, J., Byrnes, J. K., Dyment, D. A., Giovannoni, G., Hintzen, R. Q., Sundqvist, E., Kockum, I., Smestad, C., Lie, B. A., Harbo, H. F., Padyukov, L., Alfredsson, L., Olsson, T., Sadovnick, A. D., Hillert, J., Ebers, G. C. (2009). HLA-DRB1 and month of birth in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 73: 2107-2111 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jagodic, M., Colacios, C., Nohra, R., Dejean, A. S., Beyeen, A. D., Khademi, M., Casemayou, A., Lamouroux, L., Duthoit, C., Papapietro, O., Sjoholm, L., Bernard, I., Lagrange, D., Dahlman, I., Lundmark, F., Oturai, A. B., Soendergaard, H. B., Kemppinen, A., Saarela, J., Tienari, P. J., Harbo, H. F., Spurkland, A., Ramagopalan, S. V., Sadovnick, D. A., Ebers, G. C., Seddighzadeh, M., Klareskog, L., Alfredsson, L., Padyukov, L., Hillert, J., Clanet, M., Edan, G., Fontaine, B., Fournie, G. J., Kockum, I., Saoudi, A., Olsson, T. (2009). A Role for VAV1 in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Sci Transl Med 1: 10ra21-10ra21 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sombekke, M. H., Lukas, C., Crusius, J. B. A., Tejedor, D., Killestein, J., Arteta, D., Martinez, A., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., Knol, D. L., Pena, A. S., Geurts, J. J. G., De Jager, P. L., Barkhof, F., Vrenken, H., Polman, C. H. (2009). HLA-DRB1*1501 and Spinal Cord Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis. Arch Neurol 66: 1531-1536 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hong, J., Li, H., Chen, M., Zang, Y. C. Q., Skinner, S. M., Killian, J. M., Zhang, J. Z. (2009). Regulatory and pro-inflammatory phenotypes of myelin basic protein-autoreactive T cells in multiple sclerosis. Int Immunol 21: 1329-1340 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• International MHC and Autoimmunity Genetics Networ, , Rioux, J. D., Goyette, P., Vyse, T. J., Hammarstrom, L., Fernando, M. M. A., Green, T., De Jager, P. L., Foisy, S., Wang, J., de Bakker, P. I. W., Leslie, S., McVean, G., Padyukov, L., Alfredsson, L., Annese, V., Hafler, D. A., Pan-Hammarstrom, Q., Matell, R., Sawcer, S. J., Compston, A. D., Cree, B. A. C., Mirel, D. B., Daly, M. J., Behrens, T. W., Klareskog, L., Gregersen, P. K., Oksenberg, J. R., Hauser, S. L. (2009). Mapping of multiple susceptibility variants within the MHC region for 7 immune-mediated diseases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 18680-18685 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• De Jager, P. L. (2009). Review: Identifying patient subtypes in multiple sclerosis and tailoring immunotherapy: challenges for the future. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders 2: 369-377 [Abstract]  
• Rojas, M. A., Carlson, N. G., Miller, T. L., Rose, J. W. (2009). Long-term daclizumab therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders 2: 291-297 [Abstract]  
• Kaushansky, N., Altmann, D. M., Ascough, S., David, C. S., Lassmann, H., Ben-Nun, A. (2009). HLA-DQB1*0602 Determines Disease Susceptibility in a New "Humanized" Multiple Sclerosis Model in HLA-DR15 (DRB1*1501;DQB1*0602) Transgenic Mice. J. Immunol. 183: 3531-3541 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cenit, M., Blanco-Kelly, F, de las Heras, V, Bartolome, M, de la Concha, E., Urcelay, E, Arroyo, R, Martinez, A (2009). Glypican 5 is an interferon-beta response gene: a replication study. Mult Scler 15: 913-917 [Abstract]  
• Farrell, R. A., Antony, D., Wall, G. R., Clark, D. A., Fisniku, L., Swanton, J., Khaleeli, Z., Schmierer, K., Miller, D. H., Giovannoni, G. (2009). Humoral immune response to EBV in multiple sclerosis is associated with disease activity on MRI. Neurology 73: 32-38 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cohen, J. A. (2009). Emerging Therapies for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis. Arch Neurol 66: 821-828 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rose, T., Lambotte, O., Pallier, C., Delfraissy, J.-F., Colle, J.-H. (2009). Identification and Biochemical Characterization of Human Plasma Soluble IL-7R: Lower Concentrations in HIV-1-Infected Patients. J. Immunol. 182: 7389-7397 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brynedal, B., Bomfim, I. L., Olsson, T., Duvefelt, K., Hillert, J. (2009). Differential expression, and genetic association, of CD58 in Swedish multiple sclerosis patients. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: E58-E58 [Full Text]  
• D'Netto, M. J., Ward, H., Morrison, K. M., Ramagopalan, S. V., Dyment, D. A., DeLuca, G. C., Handunnetthi, L., Sadovnick, A. D., Ebers, G. C. (2009). Risk alleles for multiple sclerosis in multiplex families. Neurology 72: 1984-1988 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Landers, J. E., Melki, J., Meininger, V., Glass, J. D., van den Berg, L. H., van Es, M. A., Sapp, P. C., van Vught, P. W. J., McKenna-Yasek, D. M., Blauw, H. M., Cho, T.-J., Polak, M., Shi, L., Wills, A.-M., Broom, W. J., Ticozzi, N., Silani, V., Ozoguz, A., Rodriguez-Leyva, I., Veldink, J. H., Ivinson, A. J., Saris, C. G. J., Hosler, B. A., Barnes-Nessa, A., Couture, N., Wokke, J. H. J., Kwiatkowski, T. J. Jr., Ophoff, R. A., Cronin, S., Hardiman, O., Diekstra, F. P., Leigh, P. N., Shaw, C. E., Simpson, C. L., Hansen, V. K., Powell, J. F., Corcia, P., Salachas, F., Heath, S., Galan, P., Georges, F., Horvitz, H. R., Lathrop, M., Purcell, S., Al-Chalabi, A., Brown, R. H. Jr. (2009). Reduced expression of the Kinesin-Associated Protein 3 (KIFAP3) gene increases survival in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 9004-9009 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kivisakk, P., Healy, B. C., Viglietta, V., Quintana, F. J., Hootstein, M. A., Weiner, H. L., Khoury, S. J. (2009). Natalizumab treatment is associated with peripheral sequestration of proinflammatory T cells. Neurology 72: 1922-1930 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hawkes, C., Macgregor, A. (2009). Twin studies and the heritability of MS: a conclusion. Mult Scler 15: 661-667 [Abstract]  
• Silva, A., Bettencourt, A, Pereira, C, Santos, E, Carvalho, C, Mendonca, D, Costa, P., Monteiro, L, Martins, B (2009). Protective role of the HLA-A*02 allele in Portuguese patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 15: 771-774 [Abstract]  
• Baranzini, S. E., Galwey, N. W., Wang, J., Khankhanian, P., Lindberg, R., Pelletier, D., Wu, W., Uitdehaag, B. M.J., Kappos, L., GeneMSA Consortium, , Polman, C. H., Matthews, P. M., Hauser, S. L., Gibson, R. A., Oksenberg, J. R., Barnes, M. R. (2009). Pathway and network-based analysis of genome-wide association studies in multiple sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 18: 2078-2090 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Call, M. J., Xing, X., Cuny, G. D., Seth, N. P., Altmann, D. M., Fugger, L., Krogsgaard, M., Stein, R. L., Wucherpfennig, K. W. (2009). In Vivo Enhancement of Peptide Display by MHC Class II Molecules with Small Molecule Catalysts of Peptide Exchange. J. Immunol. 182: 6342-6352 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lincoln, M. R., Ramagopalan, S. V., Chao, M. J., Herrera, B. M., DeLuca, G. C., Orton, S.-M., Dyment, D. A., Sadovnick, A D., Ebers, G. C. (2009). Epistasis among HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 loci determines multiple sclerosis susceptibility. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 7542-7547 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kallio, S. P., Jakkula, E., Purcell, S., Suvela, M., Koivisto, K., Tienari, P. J., Elovaara, I., Pirttila, T., Reunanen, M., Bronnikov, D., Viander, M., Meri, S., Hillert, J., Lundmark, F., Harbo, H. F., Lorentzen, A. R., De Jager, P. L., Daly, M. J., Hafler, D. A., Palotie, A., Peltonen, L., Saarela, J. (2009). Use of a genetic isolate to identify rare disease variants: C7 on 5p associated with MS. Hum Mol Genet 18: 1670-1683 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Concannon, P., Rich, S. S., Nepom, G. T. (2009). Genetics of Type 1A Diabetes. NEJM 360: 1646-1654 [Full Text]  
• Chio, A., Schymick, J. C., Restagno, G., Scholz, S. W., Lombardo, F., Lai, S.-L., Mora, G., Fung, H.-C., Britton, A., Arepalli, S., Gibbs, J. R., Nalls, M., Berger, S., Kwee, L. C., Oddone, E. Z., Ding, J., Crews, C., Rafferty, I., Washecka, N., Hernandez, D., Ferrucci, L., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J., Macciardi, F., Torri, F., Lupoli, S., Chanock, S. J., Thomas, G., Hunter, D. J., Gieger, C., Wichmann, H. E., Calvo, A., Mutani, R., Battistini, S., Giannini, F., Caponnetto, C., Mancardi, G. L., La Bella, V., Valentino, F., Monsurro, M. R., Tedeschi, G., Marinou, K., Sabatelli, M., Conte, A., Mandrioli, J., Sola, P., Salvi, F., Bartolomei, I., Siciliano, G., Carlesi, C., Orrell, R. W., Talbot, K., Simmons, Z., Connor, J., Pioro, E. P., Dunkley, T., Stephan, D. A., Kasperaviciute, D., Fisher, E. M., Jabonka, S., Sendtner, M., Beck, M., Bruijn, L., Rothstein, J., Schmidt, S., Singleton, A., Hardy, J., Traynor, B. J. (2009). A two-stage genome-wide association study of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 18: 1524-1532 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shin, J., Kayser, S. R., Langaee, T. Y. (2009). Pharmacogenetics: from discovery to patient care. Am J Health Syst Pharm 66: 625-637 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nielsen, T., Rostgaard, K, Askling, J, Steffensen, R, Oturai, A, Jersild, C, Koch-Henriksen, N, Sorensen, P., Hjalgrim, H (2009). Effects of infectious mononucleosis and HLA-DRB1*15 in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 15: 431-436 [Abstract]  
• De Jager, P. L., Baecher-Allan, C., Maier, L. M., Arthur, A. T., Ottoboni, L., Barcellos, L., McCauley, J. L., Sawcer, S., Goris, A., Saarela, J., Yelensky, R., Price, A., Leppa, V., Patterson, N., de Bakker, P. I. W., Tran, D., Aubin, C., Pobywajlo, S., Rossin, E., Hu, X., Ashley, C. W., Choy, E., Rioux, J. D., Pericak-Vance, M. A., Ivinson, A., Booth, D. R., Stewart, G. J., Palotie, A., Peltonen, L., Dubois, B., Haines, J. L., Weiner, H. L., Compston, A., Hauser, S. L., Daly, M. J., Reich, D., Oksenberg, J. R., Hafler, D. A. (2009). The role of the CD58 locus in multiple sclerosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 5264-5269 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wiendl, H., Hohlfeld, R. (2009). Multiple sclerosis therapeutics: Unexpected outcomes clouding undisputed successes. Neurology 72: 1008-1015 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kawasaki, E., Awata, T., Ikegami, H., Kobayashi, T., Maruyama, T., Nakanishi, K., Shimada, A., Uga, M., Kurihara, S., Kawabata, Y., Tanaka, S., Kanazawa, Y., Eguchi, K., the Japanese Study Group on Type 1 Diabetes Geneti, (2009). Genetic Association between the Interleukin-2 Receptor-{alpha} Gene and Mode of Onset of Type 1 Diabetes in the Japanese Population. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94: 947-952 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Baranzini, S. E., Wang, J., Gibson, R. A., Galwey, N., Naegelin, Y., Barkhof, F., Radue, E.-W., Lindberg, R. L.P., Uitdehaag, B. M.G., Johnson, M. R., Angelakopoulou, A., Hall, L., Richardson, J. C., Prinjha, R. K., Gass, A., Geurts, J. J.G., Kragt, J., Sombekke, M., Vrenken, H., Qualley, P., Lincoln, R. R., Gomez, R., Caillier, S. J., George, M. F., Mousavi, H., Guerrero, R., Okuda, D. T., Cree, B. A. C., Green, A. J., Waubant, E., Goodin, D. S., Pelletier, D., Matthews, P. M., Hauser, S. L., Kappos, L., Polman, C. H., Oksenberg, J. R. (2009). Genome-wide association analysis of susceptibility and clinical phenotype in multiple sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 18: 767-778 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rosenberg, R. N., Stuve, O., Eagar, T. (2009). 200 Years After Darwin. JAMA 301: 660-662 [Full Text]  
• Mullen, S. A., Crompton, D. E., Carney, P. W., Helbig, I., Berkovic, S. F. (2009). A neurologist's guide to genome-wide association studies. Neurology 72: 558-565 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ramagopalan, S. V., Ebers, G. C. (2009). Epistasis: Multiple sclerosis and the major histocompatibility complex. Neurology 72: 566-567 [Full Text]  
• Rosenberg, R. N., Stuve, O., Eagar, T. (2009). 200 Years After Darwin. Arch Neurol 66: 153-155 [Full Text]  
• Cree, B. A. C., Reich, D. E., Khan, O., De Jager, P. L., Nakashima, I., Takahashi, T., Bar-Or, A., Tong, C., Hauser, S. L., Oksenberg, J. R. (2009). Modification of Multiple Sclerosis Phenotypes by African Ancestry at HLA. Arch Neurol 66: 226-233 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Maier, L. M., Anderson, D. E., Severson, C. A., Baecher-Allan, C., Healy, B., Liu, D. V., Wittrup, K. D., De Jager, P. L., Hafler, D. A. (2009). Soluble IL-2RA Levels in Multiple Sclerosis Subjects and the Effect of Soluble IL-2RA on Immune Responses. J. Immunol. 182: 1541-1547 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hoyer, K. K., Kuswanto, W. F., Gallo, E., Abbas, A. K. (2009). Distinct roles of helper T-cell subsets in a systemic autoimmune disease. Blood 113: 389-395 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Attia, J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Thakkinstian, A., McEvoy, M., Scott, R. J., Minelli, C., Thompson, J., Infante-Rivard, C., Guyatt, G. (2009). How to Use an Article About Genetic Association: A: Background Concepts. JAMA 301: 74-81 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Okuda, D. T., Srinivasan, R., Oksenberg, J. R., Goodin, D. S., Baranzini, S. E., Beheshtian, A., Waubant, E., Zamvil, S. S., Leppert, D., Qualley, P., Lincoln, R., Gomez, R., Caillier, S., George, M., Wang, J., Nelson, S. J., Cree, B. A. C., Hauser, S. L., Pelletier, D. (2009). Genotype-Phenotype correlations in multiple sclerosis: HLA genes influence disease severity inferred by 1HMR spectroscopy and MRI measures. Brain 132: 250-259 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bioley, G., Guillaume, P., Luescher, I., Yeh, A., Dupont, B., Bhardwaj, N., Mears, G., Old, L. J., Valmori, D., Ayyoub, M. (2009). HLA Class I-Associated Immunodominance Affects CTL Responsiveness to an ESO Recombinant Protein Tumor Antigen Vaccine. Clin. Cancer Res. 15: 299-306 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, K., Chen, Z., Tadesse, M. G., Glessner, J., Grant, S. F. A., Hakonarson, H., Bucan, M., Li, M. (2008). Modeling genetic inheritance of copy number variations. Nucleic Acids Res 36: e138-e138 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kruse, L. M., Dobbs, M. B., Gurnett, C. A. (2008). Polygenic Threshold Model with Sex Dimorphism in Clubfoot Inheritance: The Carter Effect. JBJS 90: 2688-2694 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Anderson, A. C., Chandwaskar, R., Lee, D. H., Kuchroo, V. K. (2008). Cutting Edge: The Idd3 Genetic Interval Determines Regulatory T Cell Function through CD11b+CD11c- APC. J. Immunol. 181: 7449-7452 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sawcer, S. (2008). The complex genetics of multiple sclerosis: pitfalls and prospects. Brain 131: 3118-3131 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yokote, H., Miyake, S., Croxford, J. L., Oki, S., Mizusawa, H., Yamamura, T. (2008). NKT Cell-Dependent Amelioration of a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis by Altering Gut Flora. Am. J. Pathol. 173: 1714-1723 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wekerle, H (2008). Lessons from multiple sclerosis: models, concepts, observations. Ann Rheum Dis 67: iii56-iii60 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tai, A., O'Reilly, E., Alroy, K., Simon, K., Munger, K., Huber, B., Ascherio, A (2008). Human endogenous retrovirus-K18 Env as a risk factor in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 14: 1175-1180 [Abstract]  
• Zerhouni, E. A. (2008). Major Trends in the Imaging Sciences: 2007 Eugene P. Pendergrass New Horizons Lecture. Radiology 249: 403-409 [Full Text]  
• Lettre, G., Rioux, J. D. (2008). Autoimmune diseases: insights from genome-wide association studies. Hum Mol Genet 17: R116-R121 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Caillier, S. J., Briggs, F., Cree, B. A. C., Baranzini, S. E., Fernandez-Vina, M., Ramsay, P. P., Khan, O., Royal, W. III, Hauser, S. L., Barcellos, L. F., Oksenberg, J. R. (2008). Uncoupling the Roles of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DRB5 Genes in Multiple Sclerosis. J. Immunol. 181: 5473-5480 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Skinningsrud, B., Husebye, E. S., Pearce, S. H., McDonald, D. O., Brandal, K., Wolff, A. B., Lovas, K., Egeland, T., Undlien, D. E. (2008). Polymorphisms in CLEC16A and CIITA at 16p13 Are Associated with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93: 3310-3317 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dwyer, T., van der Mei, I., Ponsonby, A-L, Taylor, B. V., Stankovich, J., McKay, J. D., Thomson, R. J., Polanowski, A. M., Dickinson, J. L. (2008). Melanocortin 1 receptor genotype, past environmental sun exposure, and risk of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 71: 583-589 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bayer, A. L., Lee, J. Y., de la Barrera, A., Surh, C. D., Malek, T. R. (2008). A Function for IL-7R for CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cells. J. Immunol. 181: 225-234 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Grant, S. F. A., Hakonarson, H. (2008). Microarray Technology and Applications in the Arena of Genome-Wide Association. Clin. Chem. 54: 1116-1124 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kristjansdottir, G, Sandling, J K, Bonetti, A, Roos, I M, Milani, L, Wang, C, Gustafsdottir, S M, Sigurdsson, S, Lundmark, A, Tienari, P J, Koivisto, K, Elovaara, I, Pirttila, T, Reunanen, M, Peltonen, L, Saarela, J, Hillert, J, Olsson, T, Landegren, U, Alcina, A, Fernandez, O, Leyva, L, Guerrero, M, Lucas, M, Izquierdo, G, Matesanz, F, Syvanen, A-C (2008). Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) gene variants are associated with multiple sclerosis in three distinct populations. J. Med. Genet. 45: 362-369 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shih, P.-a. B., O'Connor, D. T. (2008). Hereditary Determinants of Human Hypertension: Strategies in the Setting of Genetic Complexity. Hypertension 51: 1456-1464 [Full Text]  
• Vyshkina, T., Kalman, B. (2008). Linkage disequilibrium analyses within chromosome 19p in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 14: 433-439 [Abstract]  
• Venken, K., Hellings, N., Broekmans, T., Hensen, K., Rummens, J.-L., Stinissen, P. (2008). Natural Naive CD4+CD25+CD127low Regulatory T Cell (Treg) Development and Function Are Disturbed in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Recovery of Memory Treg Homeostasis during Disease Progression. J. Immunol. 180: 6411-6420 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yang, L., Anderson, D. E., Kuchroo, J., Hafler, D. A. (2008). Lack of TIM-3 Immunoregulation in Multiple Sclerosis. J. Immunol. 180: 4409-4414 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pearson, T. A., Manolio, T. A. (2008). How to Interpret a Genome-wide Association Study. JAMA 299: 1335-1344 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rosenberg, R. N. (2008). Neuromics and Neurological Disease. Arch Neurol 65: 307-308 [Full Text]  
• O'Doherty, C., Kantarci, O., Vandenbroeck, K. (2008). IL7RA Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis. NEJM 358: 753-754 [Full Text]  
• Hegele, R. A., Dichgans, M. (2008). Update on the Genetics of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease 2007. Stroke 39: 252-254 [Full Text]  
• Banwell, B. L. (2008). Through the eyes of a child: research insights gained through the study of childhood multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 14: 4-5  
• DeLuca, G. C., Ramagopalan, S. V., Herrera, B. M., Dyment, D. A., Lincoln, M. R., Montpetit, A., Pugliatti, M., Barnardo, M. C. N., Risch, N. J., Sadovnick, A. D., Chao, M., Sotgiu, S., Hudson, T. J., Ebers, G. C. (2007). An extremes of outcome strategy provides evidence that multiple sclerosis severity is determined by alleles at the HLA-DRB1 locus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 20896-20901 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Serafini, B., Rosicarelli, B., Franciotta, D., Magliozzi, R., Reynolds, R., Cinque, P., Andreoni, L., Trivedi, P., Salvetti, M., Faggioni, A., Aloisi, F. (2007). Dysregulated Epstein-Barr virus infection in the multiple sclerosis brain. JEM 204: 2899-2912 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ramagopalan, S. V., Anderson, C., Sadovnick, A. D., Ebers, G. C., Matesanz, F., Fernandez, O., Alcina, A., Chaudhuri, A., Behan, P. O., Hafler, D. A., Compston, A., Hauser, S. L., the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Cons, (2007). Genomewide Study of Multiple Sclerosis. NEJM 357: 2199-2201 [Full Text]  
• Maier, L. M., Anderson, D. E., De Jager, P. L., Wicker, L. S., Hafler, D. A. (2007). Allelic variant in CTLA4 alters T cell phosphorylation patterns. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 18607-18612 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Millichap, J. G. (2007). Multinational Study of Childhood Multiple Sclerosis: Risk Factors and Outcome. AAP Grand Rounds 18: 58-58 [Full Text]  
• Friese, M. A., Fugger, L. (2007). T cells and microglia as drivers of multiple sclerosis pathology. Brain 130: 2755-2757 [Full Text]  
• Peltonen, L. (2007). Old Suspects Found Guilty -- The First Genome Profile of Multiple Sclerosis. NEJM 357: 927-929 [Full Text]