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Published at www.nejm.org October 8, 2009 (10.1056/NEJMoa0906695)

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ABSTRACT

Background During the spring of 2009, a pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged and spread globally. We describe the clinical characteristics of the patients who were hospitalized with 2009 H1N1 influenza in the United States from April 2009 to mid-June 2009.

Methods Using medical charts, we collected data on 272 patients who were hospitalized for at least 24 hours for influenza-like illness and who tested positive for the 2009 H1N1 virus with the use of a real-time reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction assay.

Results Of the 272 patients we studied, 25% were admitted to an intensive care unit and 7% died. Forty-five percent of the patients were children under the age of 18 years, and 5% were 65 years of age or older. Seventy-three percent of the patients had at least one underlying medical condition; these conditions included asthma; diabetes; heart, lung, and neurologic diseases; and pregnancy. Of the 249 patients who underwent chest radiography on admission, 100 (40%) had findings consistent with pneumonia. Of the 268 patients for whom data were available regarding the use of antiviral drugs, such therapy was initiated in 200 patients (75%) at a median of 3 days after the onset of illness. Data suggest that the use of antiviral drugs was beneficial in hospitalized patients, especially when such therapy was initiated early.

Conclusions During the evaluation period, 2009 H1N1 influenza caused severe illness requiring hospitalization, including pneumonia and death. Nearly three quarters of the patients had one or more underlying medical conditions. Few severe illnesses were reported among persons 65 years of age or older. Patients seemed to benefit from antiviral therapy.

Source Information

The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.

This article (10.1056/NEJMoa0906695) was published on October 8, 2009, at NEJM.org.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Jain at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, MS A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333, or at bwc8{at}cdc.gov.

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• Uyeki, T. (2009). Antiviral Treatment for Patients Hospitalized with 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1). NEJM 361: e110-e110 [Full Text]  
• Wenzel, R. P., Edmond, M. B. (2009). Preparing for 2009 H1N1 Influenza. NEJM 361: 1991-1993 [Full Text]