A Prediction Rule to Identify Low-Risk Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Michael J. Fine, M.D., Thomas E. Auble, Ph.D., Donald M. Yealy, M.D., Barbara H. Hanusa, Ph.D., Lisa A. Weissfeld, Ph.D., Daniel E. Singer, M.D., Christopher M. Coley, M.D., Thomas J. Marrie, M.D., and Wishwa N. Kapoor, M.D., M.P.H.
From the Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.J.F., B.H.H., W.N.K.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.A., D.M.Y.), and the Department of Biostatistics (L.A.W.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the General Internal Medicine Unit, Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.E.S., C.M.C.); and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Victoria General Hospital and Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada (T.J.M.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Fine at Montefiore University Hospital, 8 East Rm. 824, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Endeman, H., Cornips, M. C. A., Grutters, J. C., van den Bosch, J. M., Ruven, H. J. T., van Velzen-Blad, H., Rijkers, G. T., Biesma, D. H.
(2009). The Fc{gamma} Receptor IIA-R/R131 Genotype Is Associated with Severe Sepsis in Community-Acquired Pneumonia. CVI
16: 1087-1090
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chalmers, J D, Singanayagam, A, Murray, M P, Scally, C, Fawzi, A, Hill, A T
(2009). Risk factors for complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema on presentation to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia. Thorax
64: 592-597
[Abstract][Full Text]
Menendez, R, Martinez, R, Reyes, S, Mensa, J, Filella, X, Marcos, M A, Martinez, A, Esquinas, C, Ramirez, P, Torres, A
(2009). Biomarkers improve mortality prediction by prognostic scales in community-acquired pneumonia. Thorax
64: 587-591
[Abstract][Full Text]
Phua, J, See, K C, Chan, Y H, Widjaja, L S, Aung, N W, Ngerng, W J, Lim, T K
(2009). Validation and clinical implications of the IDSA/ATS minor criteria for severe community-acquired pneumonia. Thorax
64: 598-603
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cabre, M., Serra-Prat, M., Palomera, E., Almirall, J., Pallares, R., Clave, P.
(2009). Prevalence and prognostic implications of dysphagia in elderly patients with pneumonia. Age Ageing
0: afp100v1-afp100
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sadashivaiah, J.B., Carr, B.
(2009). Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain
9: 87-91
[Full Text]
Singanayagam, A., Chalmers, J.D., Hill, A.T.
(2009). Severity assessment in community-acquired pneumonia: a review. QJM
102: 379-388
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yandiola, P. P. E., Capelastegui, A., Quintana, J., Diez, R., Gorordo, I., Bilbao, A., Zalacain, R., Menendez, R., Torres, A.
(2009). Prospective Comparison of Severity Scores for Predicting Clinically Relevant Outcomes for Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Chest
135: 1572-1579
[Abstract][Full Text]
Capelastegui, A, Espana, P P, Quintana, J M, Bilbao, A, Menendez, R, Zalacain, R, Torres, A
(2009). Development of a prognostic index for 90-day mortality in patients discharged after admission to hospital for community-acquired pneumonia. Thorax
64: 496-501
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kelen, G. D., McCarthy, M. L., Kraus, C. K., Ding, R., Hsu, E. B., Li, G., Shahan, J. B., Scheulen, J. J., Green, G. B.
(2009). Creation of Surge Capacity by Early Discharge of Hospitalized Patients at Low Risk for Untoward Events. dmphp
3: S10-S16
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tessmer, A., Welte, T., Martus, P., Schnoor, M., Marre, R., Suttorp, N.
(2009). Impact of intravenous {beta}-lactam/macrolide versus {beta}-lactam monotherapy on mortality in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. J Antimicrob Chemother
63: 1025-1033
[Abstract][Full Text]
Korytkowski, M. T., Salata, R. J., Koerbel, G. L., Selzer, F., Karslioglu, E., Idriss, A. M., Lee, K. K.W., Moser, A. J., Toledo, F. G.S.
(2009). Insulin Therapy and Glycemic Control in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes During Enteral Nutrition Therapy: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Diabetes Care
32: 594-596
[Abstract][Full Text]
Quartin, A. A., Campos, M. A., Maldonado, D. A., Ashkin, D., Cely, C. M., Schein, R. M. H.
(2009). Acute Lung Injury Outside of the ICU: Incidence in Respiratory Isolation on a General Ward. Chest
135: 261-268
[Abstract][Full Text]
Venditti, M., Falcone, M., Corrao, S., Licata, G., Serra, P., the Study Group of the Italian Society of Internal,
(2009). Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired, Health Care-Associated, and Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia. ANN INTERN MED
150: 19-26
[Abstract][Full Text]
Restrepo, M. I., Mortensen, E. M., Waterer, G. W., Wunderink, R. G., Coalson, J. J., Anzueto, A.
(2009). Impact of macrolide therapy on mortality for patients with severe sepsis due to pneumonia. Eur Respir J
33: 153-159
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lisboa, T., Blot, S., Waterer, G. W., Canalis, E., de Mendoza, D., Rodriguez, A., Rello, J., for the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Intensive Car,
(2009). Radiologic Progression of Pulmonary Infiltrates Predicts a Worse Prognosis in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia Than Bacteremia. Chest
135: 165-172
[Abstract][Full Text]
Vardakas, K. Z. MD, Siempos, I. I. MD, Grammatikos, A. MD, Athanassa, Z. MD, Korbila, I. P. MD, Falagas, M. E. MD DSc
(2008). Respiratory fluoroquinolones for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ
179: 1269-1277
[Abstract][Full Text]
Diaz, L. A., Mortensen, E. M., Anzueto, A., Restrepo, M. I.
(2008). Review: Novel targets in the management of pneumonia. Ther Adv Respir Dis
2: 387-400
[Abstract]
Volpato, S., Cavalieri, M., Guerra, G., Sioulis, F., Ranzini, M., Maraldi, C., Fellin, R., Guralnik, J. M.
(2008). Performance-Based Functional Assessment in Older Hospitalized Patients: Feasibility and Clinical Correlates. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
63: 1393-1398
[Abstract][Full Text]
Martinez, M. A., Ruiz, M., Zunino, E., Luchsinger, V., Avendano, L. F.
(2008). Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in adult community-acquired pneumonia by PCR and serology. J Med Microbiol
57: 1491-1495
[Abstract][Full Text]
Johnstone, J., Majumdar, S. R., Fox, J. D., Marrie, T. J.
(2008). Viral Infection in Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Prevalence, Pathogens, and Presentation. Chest
134: 1141-1148
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wu, B U, Johannes, R S, Sun, X, Tabak, Y, Conwell, D L, Banks, P A
(2008). The early prediction of mortality in acute pancreatitis: a large population-based study. Gut
57: 1698-1703
[Abstract][Full Text]
Aliberti, S., Amir, A., Peyrani, P., Mirsaeidi, M., Allen, M., Moffett, B. K., Myers, J., Shaib, F., Cirino, M., Bordon, J., Blasi, F., Ramirez, J. A.
(2008). Incidence, Etiology, Timing, and Risk Factors for Clinical Failure in Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Chest
134: 955-962
[Abstract][Full Text]
Salluh, J. I. F., Bozza, F. A., Soares, M., Verdeal, J. C. R., Castro-Faria-Neto, H. C., Lapa e Silva, J. R., Bozza, P. T.
(2008). Adrenal Response in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Impact on Outcomes and Disease Severity. Chest
134: 947-954
[Abstract][Full Text]
Blasi, F., Iori, I., Bulfoni, A., Corrao, S., Costantino, S., Legnani, D.
(2008). Can CAP guideline adherence improve patient outcome in internal medicine departments?. Eur Respir J
32: 902-910
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dambrava, P. G., Torres, A., Valles, X., Mensa, J., Marcos, M. A., Penarroja, G., Camps, M., Estruch, R., Sanchez, M., Menendez, R., Niederman, M. S.
(2008). Adherence to guidelines' empirical antibiotic recommendations and community-acquired pneumonia outcome. Eur Respir J
32: 892-901
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bruns, A. H. W., Oosterheert, J. J., Hak, E., Hoepelman, A. I. M.
(2008). Usefulness of consecutive C-reactive protein measurements in follow-up of severe community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J
32: 726-732
[Abstract][Full Text]
Garcia-Vidal, C., Fernandez-Sabe, N., Carratala, J., Diaz, V., Verdaguer, R., Dorca, J., Manresa, F., Gudiol, F.
(2008). Early mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: causes and risk factors. Eur Respir J
32: 733-739
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gonnah, R, Hegazi, M O, Hmdy, I, Shenoda, M M M
(2008). Can a change in policy reduce emergency hospital admissions? Effect of admission avoidance team, guideline implementation and maximising the observation unit. Emerg. Med. J.
25: 575-578
[Abstract][Full Text]
Capelastegui, A., Espana, P. P., Bilbao, A., Martinez-Vazquez, M., Gorordo, I., Oribe, M., Urrutia, I., Quintana, J. M.
(2008). Pneumonia: Criteria for Patient Instability on Hospital Discharge. Chest
134: 595-600
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ewig, S., Welte, T.
(2008). CRB-65 for the assessment of pneumonia severity: who could ask for more?. Thorax
63: 665-666
[Full Text]
Baggish, A L, Lloyd-Jones, D M, Blatt, J, Richards, A M, Lainchbury, J, O'Donoghue, M, Sakhuja, R, Chen, A A, Januzzi, J L
(2008). A clinical and biochemical score for mortality prediction in patients with acute dyspnoea: derivation, validation and incorporation into a bedside programme. Heart
94: 1032-1037
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chalmers, J D, Singanayagam, A, Hill, A T
(2008). Systolic blood pressure is superior to other haemodynamic predictors of outcome in community acquired pneumonia. Thorax
63: 698-702
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bont, J., Hak, E., Hoes, A. W., Macfarlane, J. T., Verheij, T. J. M.
(2008). Predicting Death in Elderly Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Prospective Validation Study Reevaluating the CRB-65 Severity Assessment Tool. Arch Intern Med
168: 1465-1468
[Full Text]
Kothe, H., Bauer, T., Marre, R., Suttorp, N., Welte, T., Dalhoff, K., the Competence Network for Community-Acquired Pneu,
(2008). Outcome of community-acquired pneumonia: influence of age, residence status and antimicrobial treatment. Eur Respir J
32: 139-146
[Abstract][Full Text]
Calbo, E., Alsina, M., Rodriguez-Carballeira, M., Lite, J., Garau, J.
(2008). Systemic Expression of Cytokine Production in Patients with Severe Pneumococcal Pneumonia: Effects of Treatment with a {beta}-Lactam versus a Fluoroquinolone. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
52: 2395-2402
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wachter, R. M., Flanders, S. A., Fee, C., Pronovost, P. J.
(2008). Public Reporting of Antibiotic Timing in Patients with Pneumonia: Lessons from a Flawed Performance Measure. ANN INTERN MED
149: 29-32
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shah, S. S., DiCristina, C. M., Bell, L. M., Ten Have, T., Metlay, J. P.
(2008). Primary Early Thoracoscopy and Reduction in Length of Hospital Stay and Additional Procedures Among Children With Complicated Pneumonia: Results of a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
162: 675-681
[Abstract][Full Text]
Durrington, H. J, Summers, C.
(2008). Recent changes in the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults. BMJ
336: 1429-1433
[Full Text]
Gotoh, S., Nishimura, N., Takahashi, O., Shiratsuka, H., Horinouchi, H., Ono, H., Uchiyama, N., Chohnabayashi, N.
(2008). Adrenal function in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J
31: 1268-1273
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yende, S., D'Angelo, G., Kellum, J. A., Weissfeld, L., Fine, J., Welch, R. D., Kong, L., Carter, M., Angus, D. C., for the GenIMS Investigators,
(2008). Inflammatory Markers at Hospital Discharge Predict Subsequent Mortality after Pneumonia and Sepsis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
177: 1242-1247
[Abstract][Full Text]
Reyes, S., Martinez, R., Valles, J. M., Cases, E., Menendez, R.
(2008). Determinants of hospital costs in community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J
31: 1061-1067
[Abstract][Full Text]
Maimon, N., Nopmaneejumruslers, C., Marras, T. K.
(2008). Antibacterial class is not obviously important in outpatient pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Eur Respir J
31: 1068-1076
[Abstract][Full Text]
Menendez, R, Cavalcanti, M, Reyes, S, Mensa, J, Martinez, R, Marcos, M A, Filella, X, Niederman, M, Torres, A
(2008). Markers of treatment failure in hospitalised community acquired pneumonia. Thorax
63: 447-452
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mortensen, E. M., Pugh, M. J., Copeland, L. A., Restrepo, M. I., Cornell, J. E., Anzueto, A., Pugh, J. A.
(2008). Impact of statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality of subjects hospitalised with pneumonia. Eur Respir J
31: 611-617
[Abstract][Full Text]
Weatherall, C, Paoloni, R, Gottlieb, T
(2008). Point-of-care urinary pneumococcal antigen test in the emergency department for community acquired pneumonia. Emerg. Med. J.
25: 144-148
[Abstract][Full Text]
Restrepo, M. I., Bienen, T., Mortensen, E. M., Anzueto, A., Metersky, M. L., Escalante, P., Wunderink, R. G., Mangura, B. T., On Behalf of the Chest Infections Network,
(2008). Evaluation of ICU Admission Criteria and Diagnostic Methods for Patients With Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Current Practice Survey. Chest
133: 828-829
[Full Text]
Restrepo, M. I., Mortensen, E. M., Velez, J. A., Frei, C., Anzueto, A.
(2008). A Comparative Study of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients Admitted to the Ward and the ICU. Chest
133: 610-617
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bordon, J., Peyrani, P., Brock, G. N., Blasi, F., Rello, J., File, T., Ramirez, J., for the CAPO Study Group,
(2008). The Presence of Pneumococcal Bacteremia Does Not Influence Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Results From the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) International Cohort Study. Chest
133: 618-624
[Abstract][Full Text]
Teramoto, S., Yamamoto, H., Yamaguchi, Y., Hanaoka, Y., Ishii, M., Hibi, S., Kume, H., Ouchi, Y.
(2008). Lower respiratory tract infection outcomes are predicted better by an age >80 years than by CURB-65. Eur Respir J
31: 477-478
[Full Text]
Charles, P. G. P., Valencia, M., Torres, A., Badia, J.
(2008). Predicting Need for ICU in Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Chest
133: 587-588
[Full Text]
Kruger, S., Ewig, S., Marre, R., Papassotiriou, J., Richter, K., von Baum, H., Suttorp, N., Welte, T., on behalf of the CAPNETZ Study Group,
(2008). Procalcitonin predicts patients at low risk of death from community-acquired pneumonia across all CRB-65 classes. Eur Respir J
31: 349-355
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kollef, K. E., Reichley, R. M., Micek, S. T., Kollef, M. H.
(2008). The Modified APACHE II Score Outperforms Curb65 Pneumonia Severity Score as a Predictor of 30-Day Mortality in Patients With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia. Chest
133: 363-369
[Abstract][Full Text]
van de Garde, E. M. W., Endeman, H., Deneer, V. H. M., Biesma, D. H., Sayed-Tabatabaei, F. A., Ruven, H. J. T., Leufkens, H. G. M., van den Bosch, J. M. M.
(2008). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Risk and Outcome of Pneumonia. Chest
133: 220-225
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jennings, L C, Anderson, T P, Beynon, K A, Chua, A, Laing, R T R, Werno, A M, Young, S A, Chambers, S T, Murdoch, D R
(2008). Incidence and characteristics of viral community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Thorax
63: 42-48
[Abstract][Full Text]
Miyashita, N., Obase, Y., Ouchi, K., Kawasaki, K., Kawai, Y., Kobashi, Y., Oka, M.
(2007). Clinical features of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in adults admitted to an intensive care unit. J Med Microbiol
56: 1625-1629
[Abstract][Full Text]
Masia, M., Papassotiriou, J., Morgenthaler, N. G., Hernandez, I., Shum, C., Gutierrez, F.
(2007). Midregional Pro-A-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Carboxy-Terminal Provasopressin May Predict Prognosis in Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Clin. Chem.
53: 2193-2201
[Abstract][Full Text]
Garcia-Vidal, C., Calbo, E., Pascual, V., Ferrer, C., Quintana, S., Garau, J.
(2007). Effects of systemic steroids in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J
30: 951-956
[Abstract][Full Text]
Opmeer, B. C., el Moussaoui, R., Bossuyt, P. M. M., Speelman, P., Prins, J. M., de Borgie, C. A. J. M.
(2007). Costs associated with shorter duration of antibiotic therapy in hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate severe community-acquired pneumonia. J Antimicrob Chemother
60: 1131-1136
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lodise, T. P., Kwa, A., Cosler, L., Gupta, R., Smith, R. P.
(2007). Comparison of {beta}-Lactam and Macrolide Combination Therapy versus Fluoroquinolone Monotherapy in Hospitalized Veterans Affairs Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
51: 3977-3982
[Abstract][Full Text]
Christ-Crain, M., Stolz, D., Jutla, S., Couppis, O., Muller, C., Bingisser, R., Schuetz, P., Tamm, M., Edwards, R., Muller, B., Grossman, A. B.
(2007). Free and Total Cortisol Levels as Predictors of Severity and Outcome in Community-acquired Pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
176: 913-920
[Abstract][Full Text]
Johnstone, J., Marrie, T. J., Eurich, D. T., Majumdar, S. R.
(2007). Effect of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Hospitalized Adults With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Arch Intern Med
167: 1938-1943
[Abstract][Full Text]
Menendez, R., Torres, A.
(2007). Treatment Failure in Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Chest
132: 1348-1355
[Abstract][Full Text]
Christ-Crain, M., Muller, B.
(2007). Biomarkers in respiratory tract infections: diagnostic guides to antibiotic prescription, prognostic markers and mediators. Eur Respir J
30: 556-573
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schaaf, B., Kruse, J., Rupp, J., Reinert, R. R., Droemann, D., Zabel, P., Ewig, S., Dalhoff, K.
(2007). Sepsis severity predicts outcome in community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia. Eur Respir J
30: 517-524
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kornum, J. B., Thomsen, R. W., Riis, A., Lervang, H.-H., Schonheyder, H. C., Sorensen, H. T.
(2007). Type 2 Diabetes and Pneumonia Outcomes: A population-based cohort study. Diabetes Care
30: 2251-2257
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kellum, J. A., Kong, L., Fink, M. P., Weissfeld, L. A., Yealy, D. M., Pinsky, M. R., Fine, J., Krichevsky, A., Delude, R. L., Angus, D. C., for the GenIMS Investigators,
(2007). Understanding the Inflammatory Cytokine Response in Pneumonia and Sepsis: Results of the Genetic and Inflammatory Markers of Sepsis (GenIMS) Study. Arch Intern Med
167: 1655-1663
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fishbane, S., Niederman, M. S., Daly, C., Magin, A., Kawabata, M., de Corla-Souza, A., Choudhery, I., Brody, G., Gaffney, M., Pollack, S., Parker, S.
(2007). The Impact of Standardized Order Sets and Intensive Clinical Case Management on Outcomes in Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Arch Intern Med
167: 1664-1669
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rubenstein, L. V., Rayburn, N. R., Keeler, E. B., Ford, D. E., Rost, K. M., Sherbourne, C. D.
(2007). Predicting Outcomes of Primary Care Patients With Major Depression: Development of a Depression Prognosis Index. Psychiatr. Serv.
58: 1049-1056
[Abstract][Full Text]
Valencia, M., Badia, J. R., Cavalcanti, M., Ferrer, M., Agusti, C., Angrill, J., Garcia, E., Mensa, J., Niederman, M. S., Torres, A.
(2007). Pneumonia Severity Index Class V Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Characteristics, Outcomes, and Value of Severity Scores. Chest
132: 515-522
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bont, J., Hak, E., Birkhoff, C. E, Hoes, A. W, Verheij, T. J.
(2007). Is co-morbidity taken into account in the antibiotic management of elderly patients with acute bronchitis and COPD exacerbations?. Fam Pract
24: 317-322
[Abstract][Full Text]
Carratala, J., Mykietiuk, A., Fernandez-Sabe, N., Suarez, C., Dorca, J., Verdaguer, R., Manresa, F., Gudiol, F.
(2007). Health Care-Associated Pneumonia Requiring Hospital Admission: Epidemiology, Antibiotic Therapy, and Clinical Outcomes. Arch Intern Med
167: 1393-1399
[Abstract][Full Text]
File, T. M. Jr, Mandell, L. A., Tillotson, G., Kostov, K., Georgiev, O.
(2007). Gemifloxacin once daily for 5 days versus 7 days for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, multicentre, double-blind study. J Antimicrob Chemother
60: 112-120
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kanwar, M., Brar, N., Khatib, R., Fakih, M. G.
(2007). Misdiagnosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Inappropriate Utilization of Antibiotics: Side Effects of the 4-h Antibiotic Administration Rule. Chest
131: 1865-1869
[Abstract][Full Text]
Arnold, F. W., Summersgill, J. T., LaJoie, A. S., Peyrani, P., Marrie, T. J., Rossi, P., Blasi, F., Fernandez, P., File, T. M. Jr., Rello, J., Menendez, R., Marzoratti, L., Luna, C. M., Ramirez, J. A., the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAP,
(2007). A Worldwide Perspective of Atypical Pathogens in Community-acquired Pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
175: 1086-1093
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bont, J., Hak, E., Hoes, A. W., Schipper, M., Schellevis, F. G., Verheij, T. J. M.
(2007). A prediction rule for elderly primary-care patients with lower respiratory tract infections. Eur Respir J
29: 969-975
[Abstract][Full Text]
Martin, M., Quilici, S., File, T., Garau, J., Kureishi, A., Kubin, M.
(2007). Cost-effectiveness of empirical prescribing of antimicrobials in community-acquired pneumonia in three countries in the presence of resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother
59: 977-989
[Abstract][Full Text]
Porcel, J. M., Ruiz-Gonzalez, A., Falguera, M., Nogues, A., Galindo, C., Carratala, J., Esquerda, A.
(2007). Contribution of a Pleural Antigen Assay (Binax NOW) to the Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Chest
131: 1442-1447
[Abstract][Full Text]
Menendez, R., Reyes, S., Martinez, R., de la Cuadra, P., Manuel Valles, J., Vallterra, J.
(2007). Economic evaluation of adherence to treatment guidelines in nonintensive care pneumonia. Eur Respir J
29: 751-756
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bhatt, S. P.
(2007). One More Prediction Rule: Has Anything New Been Added?. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
175: 743-743
[Full Text]
Lim, W. S.
(2007). Severity assessment in community-acquired pneumonia: moving on. Thorax
62: 287-288
[Full Text]
Yan Man, S., Lee, N., Ip, M., Antonio, G. E, Chau, S. S L, Mak, P., Graham, C. A, Zhang, M., Lui, G., Chan, P. K S, Ahuja, A. T, Hui, D. S, Sung, J. J Y, Rainer, T. H
(2007). Prospective comparison of three predictive rules for assessing severity of community-acquired pneumonia in Hong Kong. Thorax
62: 348-353
[Abstract][Full Text]
Diaz, A., Barria, P., Niederman, M., Restrepo, M. I., Dreyse, J., Fuentes, G., Couble, B., Saldias, F.
(2007). Etiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients in Chile: The Increasing Prevalence of Respiratory Viruses Among Classic Pathogens. Chest
131: 779-787
[Abstract][Full Text]
Barlow, G., Nathwani, D., Davey, P.
(2007). The CURB65 pneumonia severity score outperforms generic sepsis and early warning scores in predicting mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. Thorax
62: 253-259
[Abstract][Full Text]
Labarere, J., Stone, R. A., Obrosky, D. S., Yealy, D. M., Meehan, T. P., Fine, J. M., Graff, L. G., Fine, M. J.
(2007). Comparison of Outcomes for Low-Risk Outpatients and Inpatients With Pneumonia: A Propensity-Adjusted Analysis. Chest
131: 480-488
[Abstract][Full Text]
Spaude, K. A., Abrutyn, E., Kirchner, C., Kim, A., Daley, J., Fisman, D. N.
(2007). Influenza Vaccination and Risk of Mortality Among Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Arch Intern Med
167: 53-59
[Abstract][Full Text]
Niewoehner, D. E., Lokhnygina, Y., Rice, K., Kuschner, W. G., Sharafkhaneh, A., Sarosi, G. A., Krumpe, P., Pieper, K., Kesten, S.
(2007). Risk Indexes for Exacerbations and Hospitalizations Due to COPD. Chest
131: 20-28
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sopena, N., Force, L., Pedro-Botet, M. L., Barrufet, P., Sauca, G., Garcia-Nunez, M., Tolchinsky, G., Capdevila, J. A., Sabria, M.
(2007). Sporadic and epidemic community legionellosis: two faces of the same illness. Eur Respir J
29: 138-142
[Abstract][Full Text]
Oosterheert, J. J., Bonten, M. J M, Schneider, M. M E, Buskens, E., Lammers, J.-W. J, Hustinx, W. M N, Kramer, M. H H, Prins, J. M, Slee, P. H T. J, Kaasjager, K., Hoepelman, A. I M
(2006). Effectiveness of early switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics in severe community acquired pneumonia: multicentre randomised trial. BMJ
333: 1193-1193
[Abstract][Full Text]
Huang, D. T., Yealy, D. M.
(2006). Decision Rules and Pneumonia: What Are We "Predicting," and for Whom?. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
174: 1169-1170
[Full Text]