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If an artificial rose is placed before a subject who has an allergy to the flower, a "rose cold" may be provoked. In other words, suggestion can elicit the entire immune reaction of allergic rhinitis in certain patients. Asthma, hay fever, and a variety of other hypersensitivity responses may be similarly precipitated. The hybrid discipline of psychoneuroimmunology has emerged from such clinical observations, and from a growing awareness of the links between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Bidirectional communication between nervous and immune networks might explain not only curiosities like the "rose cold" but also how behavior and stress affect
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