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As urban civilization developed in the ancient world -- Sumer, Egypt, Assyria -- about 4000 B.C., so did the professional army. As the vastness of the armies grew and weapons improved, the care of the sick and wounded became increasingly complex. Military medicine evolved to provide more than a one-on-one encounter between the wounded and the dresser of wounds on the battlefield. In combat the casualties are now collected and brought to the rear. Supplies, equipment, and means of shelter are provided and brought forward. Medical officers and specialized soldiers are recruited and trained. Methods to promote healing are developed
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