Diabetes mellitus is a disease of metabolic dysregulation, mostnotably abnormal glucose metabolism, accompanied by characteristiclong-term complications. The complications that are specificto diabetes include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy.Patients with all forms of diabetes of sufficient duration,including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependentdiabetes mellitus (NIDDM), are vulnerable to these complications,which cause serious morbidity (Table 1 and Table 2). Retinopathyis so characteristic of diabetes that its presence has beenincorporated into the nosologic definition of NIDDM. Only hyperglycemiaof sufficient magnitude to be associated with retinopathy isclassified as NIDDM, while lower levels . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Clinical Descriptions
Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
Cardiovascular Disease
Other Complications
Risk Factors
Pathogenesis
Screening and Diagnosis
Treatment
Control of Hyperglycemia
Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
Macrovascular Complications
Source Information
From the Diabetes Unit and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, both in Boston.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Nathan at the Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.
References
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