FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 329:288-292 July 22, 1993 Number 4 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	Full Text Purchase this article Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

Although the inclusion of women and minorities in medical research is necessary for valid inferences about health and disease in these groups, both women and members of minority groups have been excluded from or underrepresented in many clinical trials. Congress has therefore proposed that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) ensure that all federally funded clinical research include a valid analysis to determine whether the intervention under study affects women or members of minority groups differently from other subgroups. In particular, Section 429B of the NIH Revitalization Act¹ provides that the director of the NIH shall ensure that women and . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Participation of Women in Clinical Trials

Have Women Been Excluded or Underrepresented?

Barriers to the Full Participation of Women in Clinical Trials

Homogeneity versus Heterogeneity

Interpretation of an Unexpected Difference between Men and Women

Conclusions

Source Information

This article is a synopsis of a white paper written by the Board on Health Sciences Policy. Copies of the white paper are available from the Division of Health Sciences Policy, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Ruth Ellen Bulger at the Division of Health Sciences Policy, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave., FO 3018, Washington, DC 20418.

References

Appendix

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Di Cosimo, S., Alimonti, A., Ferretti, G., Sperduti, I., Carlini, P., Papaldo, P., Fabi, A., Gelibter, A., Ciccarese, M., Giannarelli, D., Mandala, M., Milella, M., Ruggeri, E. M., Cognetti, F. (2004). Incidence of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea depending on the timing of treatment by menstrual cycle phase in women with early breast cancer. Ann Oncol 15: 1065-1071 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Loue, S., Okello, D. (2000). Research Bioethics in the Ugandan Context II: Procedural and Substantive Reform. J Law Med Ethics 28: 165-173  
• Heymann, S. (1995). Patients in research: not just subjects, but partners. Science 269: 797-798  
• Hendel, R. C., Chen, M. H., L'Italien, G. J., Newell, J. B., Paul, S. D., Eagle, K. A., Leppo, J. A. (1995). Sex Differences in Perioperative and Long-term Cardiac Event–Free Survival in Vascular Surgery Patients : An Analysis of Clinical and Scintigraphic Variables. Circulation 91: 1044-1051 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Allen, A., Ross, R. L., Payer, L., Angell, M. (1993). Women's Health. NEJM 329: 1816-1817 [Full Text]  
• Angell, M. (1993). Caring for Women's Health -- What Is the Problem?. NEJM 329: 271-272 [Full Text]