FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 330:1580-1588 June 2, 1994 Number 22 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	Full Text Purchase this article Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

Polarized epithelial cells transport ions, water, and macromolecules from one biologic compartment to another. These processes include absorption by enterocytes and renal tubular cells; secretion by hepatocytes, endocrine cells, and exocrine cells; and exchange by alveolar and capillary endothelial cells^1,2. The performance of these functions depends on a surface membrane organized into structurally, biochemically, and physiologically distinct apical and basolateral domains containing different ion channels, transport proteins, enzymes, and lipids.

The establishment and maintenance of these specialized surface-membrane domains is a multistage process. Alterations at any stage of this process could lead to cell dysfunction and ultimately a pathologic . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Characteristics of Polarized Epithelial Cells

Distinct Surface-Membrane Domains

Junctional Complex

Attachment between Cells and between Cells and Substratum

Actin Cytoskeleton

Establishment and Maintenance of the Polarized Phenotype

Pathologic States Related to Altered Surface-Membrane Polarity

Oncogenesis

Ischemic Injury in Proximal Renal Tubule Cells

Microvillus Inclusion Disease

Other Disorders

Summary

Source Information

From the Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver (E.M.F., B.A.M.); the Department of Medicine, Indiana University Medical School, Indianapolis (B.A.M.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver (E.M.F.); and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis (B.A.M.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Molitoris at Fesler Hall, Rm. 108, 1120 South Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5116.

References

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Atthe, B. K., Babsky, A. M., Hopewell, P. N., Phillips, C. L., Molitoris, B. A., Bansal, N. (2009). Early monitoring of acute tubular necrosis in the rat kidney by 23Na-MRI. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 297: F1288-F1298 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Coux, G., Elias, M. M., Trumper, L. (2009). Ischaemia/reperfusion in rat renal cortex: vesicle leakiness and Na+, K+-ATPase activity in membrane preparations. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: 3020-3024 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Butterworth, M. B., Edinger, R. S., Frizzell, R. A., Johnson, J. P. (2009). Regulation of the epithelial sodium channel by membrane trafficking. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 296: F10-F24 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cheng, C.-W., Ka, S.-M., Yang, S.-M., Shui, H.-A., Hung, Y.-W., Ho, P.-C., Su, Y.-C., Chen, A. (2008). Nephronectin expression in nephrotoxic acute tubular necrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23: 101-109 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Higashikawa, K., Yoneda, S., Tobiume, K., Taki, M., Shigeishi, H., Kamata, N. (2007). Snail-Induced Down-Regulation of {Delta}Np63{alpha} Acquires Invasive Phenotype of Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res. 67: 9207-9213 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Itoh, M., Nelson, C. M., Myers, C. A., Bissell, M. J. (2007). Rap1 Integrates Tissue Polarity, Lumen Formation, and Tumorigenic Potential in Human Breast Epithelial Cells. Cancer Res. 67: 4759-4766 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Endemann, M., Bergmeister, H., Bidmon, B., Boehm, M., Csaicsich, D., Malaga-Dieguez, L., Arbeiter, K., Regele, H., Herkner, K., Aufricht, C. (2007). Evidence for HSP-mediated cytoskeletal stabilization in mesothelial cells during acute experimental peritoneal dialysis. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 292: F47-F56 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kogai, T, Taki, K, Brent, G A (2006). Enhancement of sodium/iodide symporter expression in thyroid and breast cancer.. Endocr Relat Cancer 13: 797-826 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Liu, H., Radisky, D. C., Wang, F., Bissell, M. J. (2004). Polarity and proliferation are controlled by distinct signaling pathways downstream of PI3-kinase in breast epithelial tumor cells. JCB 164: 603-612 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Silva, F. G. (2004). Chemical-Induced Nephropathy: A Review of the Renal Tubulointerstitial Lesions in Humans. Toxicol Pathol 32: 71-84 [Abstract]  
• Luo, Y., Zhou, H., Mizutani, M., Mizutani, N., Reisfeld, R. A., Xiang, R. (2003). Transcription factor Fos-related antigen 1 is an effective target for a breast cancer vaccine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 8850-8855 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zuk, A., Matlin, K. S. (2002). Induction of a laminin isoform and alpha 3beta 1-integrin in renal ischemic injury and repair in vivo. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 283: F971-F984 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• He, C., Hobert, M., Friend, L., Carlin, C. (2002). The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Juxtamembrane Domain Has Multiple Basolateral Plasma Membrane Localization Determinants, Including a Dominant Signal with a Polyproline Core. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 38284-38293 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gopalakrishnan, S., Dunn, K. W., Marrs, J. A. (2002). Rac1, but not RhoA, signaling protects epithelial adherens junction assembly during ATP depletion. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 283: C261-C272 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wu, J. H., Billings, B. J., Balkovetz, D. F. (2001). Hepatocyte Growth Factor Alters Renal Epithelial Cell Susceptibility to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 12: 2543-2553 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hamm-Alvarez, S. F., Chang, A., Wang, Y., Jerdeva, G., Lin, H. H., Kim, K.-J., Ann, D. K. (2001). Etk/Bmx activation modulates barrier function in epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 280: C1657-C1668 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Weinberg, J. M., Venkatachalam, M. A., Roeser, N. F., Senter, R. A., Nissim, I. (2001). Energetic Determinants of Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Focal Adhesion Proteins during Hypoxia/Reoxygenation of Kidney Proximal Tubules. Am. J. Pathol. 158: 2153-2164 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Verstrepen, W. A., Persy, V. P., Verhulst, A., Dauwe, S., De Broe, M. E. (2001). Renal osteopontin protein and mRNA upregulation during acute nephrotoxicity in the rat. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16: 712-724 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hansen, S. H., Zegers, M. M. P., Woodrow, M., Rodriguez-Viciana, P., Chardin, P., Mostov, K. E., McMahon, M. (2000). Induced Expression of Rnd3 Is Associated with Transformation of Polarized Epithelial Cells by the Raf-MEK-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20: 9364-9375 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Low, S. H., Miura, M., Roche, P. A., Valdez, A. C., Mostov, K. E., Weimbs, T. (2000). Intracellular Redirection of Plasma Membrane Trafficking after Loss of Epithelial Cell Polarity. Mol. Biol. Cell 11: 3045-3060 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bush, K. T., Tsukamoto, T., Nigam, S. K. (2000). Selective degradation of E-cadherin and dissolution of E-cadherin-catenin complexes in epithelial ischemia. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 278: F847-F852 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ye, J., Tsukamoto, T., Sun, A., Nigam, S. K. (1999). A role for intracellular calcium in tight junction reassembly after ATP depletion-repletion. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 277: F524-F532 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bush, K. T., George, S. K., Zhang, P. L., Nigam, S. K. (1999). Pretreatment with inducers of ER molecular chaperones protects epithelial cells subjected to ATP depletion. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 277: F211-F218 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Corrigan, G., Ramaswamy, D., Kwon, O., Sommer, F. G., Alfrey, E. J., Dafoe, D. C., Olshen, R. A., Scandling, J. D., Myers, B. D. (1999). PAH extraction and estimation of plasma flow in human postischemic acute renal failure. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 277: F312-F318 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tsukamoto, T., Nigam, S. K. (1999). Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in the reassembly of occludin and other tight junction proteins. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 276: F737-F750 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wu, S., Lim, K.-C., Huang, J., Saidi, R. F., Sears, C. L. (1998). Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin cleaves the zonula adherens protein, E-cadherin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 14979-14984 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kuznetsov, G., Nigam, S. K. (1998). Folding of Secretory and Membrane Proteins. NEJM 339: 1688-1695 [Full Text]  
• Kwon, O., Myers, B. D., Sibley, R., Dafoe, D., Alfrey, E., Nelson, W. J. (1998). Distribution of Cell Membrane-associated Proteins Along the Human Nephron. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 46: 1423-1434 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kustikova, O., Kramerov, D., Grigorian, M., Berezin, V., Bock, E., Lukanidin, E., Tulchinsky, E. (1998). Fra-1 Induces Morphological Transformation and Increases In Vitro Invasiveness and Motility of Epithelioid Adenocarcinoma Cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18: 7095-7105 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Spirli, C., Granato, A., Zsembery, A., Anglani, F., Okolicsanyi, L., LaRusso, N. F., Crepaldi, G., Strazzabosco, M. (1998). Functional polarity of Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO-3 exchangers in a rat cholangiocyte cell line. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 275: G1236-G1245 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Saunders, C., Keefer, J. R., Bonner, C. A., Limbird, L. E. (1998). Targeting of G Protein-coupled Receptors to the Basolateral Surface of Polarized Renal Epithelial Cells Involves Multiple, Non-contiguous Structural Signals. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 24196-24206 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zuk, A., Bonventre, J. V., Brown, D., Matlin, K. S. (1998). Polarity, integrin, and extracellular matrix dynamics in the postischemic rat kidney. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 275: C711-C731 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gopalakrishnan, S., Raman, N., Atkinson, S. J., Marrs, J. A. (1998). Rho GTPase signaling regulates tight junction assembly and protects tight junctions during ATP depletion. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 275: C798-C809 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Aufricht, C., Lu, E., Thulin, G., Kashgarian, M., Siegel, N. J., Van Why, S. K. (1998). ATP releases HSP-72 from protein aggregates after renal ischemia. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 274: F268-F274 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rounds, S., Piggott, D., Dawicki, D. D., Farber, H. W. (1997). Effect of hypercarbia on surface proteins of cultured bovine endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 273: L1141-L1146 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brown, D., Lee, R., Bonventre, J. V. (1997). Redistribution of villin to proximal tubule basolateral membranes after ischemia and reperfusion. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 273: F1003-F1012 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mandon, B., Nielsen, S., Kishore, B. K., Knepper, M. A. (1997). Expression of syntaxins in rat kidney. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 273: F718-F730 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Saunders, C., Limbird, L. E. (1997). Disruption of Microtubules Reveals Two Independent Apical Targeting Mechanisms for G-protein-coupled Receptors in Polarized Renal Epithelial Cells. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 19035-19045 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tsukamoto, T., Nigam, S. K. (1997). Tight Junction Proteins Form Large Complexes and Associate with the Cytoskeleton in an ATP Depletion Model for Reversible Junction Assembly. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 16133-16139 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Eaton, K. A., Biller, D. S., DiBartola, S. P., Radin, M. J., Wellman, M. L. (1997). Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease in Persian and Persian-cross Cats. Veterinary Pathology 34: 117-126 [Abstract]  
• Haller, C., Schick, C. S., Zorn, M., Kubler, W. (1997). Cytotoxicity of radiocontrast agents on polarized renal epithelial cell monolayers. Cardiovasc Res 33: 655-665 [Abstract]  
• Balkovetz, D. F., Pollack, A. L., Mostov, K. E. (1997). Hepatocyte Growth Factor Alters the Polarity of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cell Monolayers. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 3471-3477 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Elangbam, C. S., Qualls, C. W. Jr., Dahlgren, R. R. (1997). Cell Adhesion Molecules--Update. Veterinary Pathology 34: 61-73 [Abstract]  
• Thadhani, R., Pascual, M., Bonventre, J. V. (1996). Acute Renal Failure. NEJM 334: 1448-1460 [Full Text]  
• Saunders, C., Keefer, J. R., Kennedy, A. P., Wells, J. N., Limbird, L. E. (1996). Receptors Coupled to Pertussis Toxin-sensitive G-proteins Traffic to Opposite Surfaces in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 995-1002 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yudowski, G. A., Efendiev, R., Pedemonte, C. H., Katz, A. I., Berggren, P.-O., Bertorello, A. M. (2000). Phosphoinositide-3 kinase binds to a proline-rich motif in the Na+,K+-ATPase alpha subunit and regulates its trafficking. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 6556-6561 [Abstract] [Full Text]