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Previous Volume 331:923-930 October 6, 1994 Number 14 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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The deletion of homosexuality from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association in 1980 marked a dramatic reversal of the judgment that homosexuality is a behavioral disorder. In the practice of medicine, especially psychiatry, it is important to distinguish between that which is abnormal and that which is not¹. Reviewing the present state of knowledge about homosexuality is of interest not only for medical and historical reasons, but also because of the central role of this sexual orientation in the adaptive psychological functioning of countless people.

The studies reviewed here are largely studies of white, middle-class . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Definitions

Sexual Behavior

Homophobia

AIDS

Psychopathologic Issues

Internalized Homophobia

Suicide and Gay Youth

Alcoholism and Substance Abuse

Normal Development in Homosexuals

Change in Sexual Orientation

Psychobiologic Aspects

Genetics

Sex Hormones and Psychosexual Development

Further Implications of Intersex Studies

Brain Differences Associated with Sexual Orientation

Conclusions

Source Information

From the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (R.C.F., J.I.D.), the New York State Psychiatric Institute (J.I.D.), and the Department of Psychology, Adelphi University (R.C.F.) -- all in New York.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Friedman at 225 Central Park West, Apt. 103, New York, NY 10024.

References

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Lampinen, T. M., Chan, K., Anema, A., Miller, M. L., Schilder, A. J., Schechter, M. T., Hogg, R. S., Strathdee, S. A. (2008). Incidence of and Risk Factors for Sexual Orientation-Related Physical Assault Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men. Am. J. Public Health 98: 1028-1035 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brookman, R. R. (2007). Adolescent Nondisclosure of Sexual Orientation to Physicians. AAP Grand Rounds 17: 44-45 [Full Text]  
• Frankowski, B. L., and Committee on Adolescence, (2004). Sexual Orientation and Adolescents. Pediatrics 113: 1827-1832 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tyson, P. (2002). The Challenges of Psychoanalytic Developmental Theory. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 50: 19-52  
• Goldsmith, S. J. (2001). Oedipus or Orestes? Homosexual Men, Their Mothers, and Other Women Revisited. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 49: 1269-1287 [Abstract]  
• Downey, J. I., Friedman, R. C. (1998). Female Homosexuality: Classical Psychoanalytic Theory Reconsidered. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 46: 471-506 [Abstract]