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Some organs of the body, such as the appendix, are not essential for life. The spleen is also dispensable, but unlike the appendix it has important functions. A prominent activity of the spleen is to cull damaged, worn-out, or potentially dangerous cells from the blood. The multilayered filtration bed that surrounds the arterial vessels of the spleen, and the unhurried flow of blood through its veins, make it a superb cell sorter. The precision and specificity with which the spleen picks particles from the blood depend in large measure on macrophages, which are everywhere in the organ. Proteins on the
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