The use of cocaine has reached epidemic proportions. Over 30percent of men and 20 percent of women between the ages of 26and 34 have used cocaine at least once.1 Moreover, 23 millionAmericans have used cocaine at some time,1 and 5 million useit regularly.2 During the 1980s cocaine became the most frequentlyused illicit drug among patients presenting to hospital emergencydepartments.3,4,5 Chest pain is the most common cocaine-relatedmedical problem6; it leads to the evaluation of more than 64,000patients annually for possible myocardial ischemia. Of thesepatients, 57 percent are admitted to the hospital,7. . . [Full Text of this Article]
Pathophysiology
Initial Evaluation
Cardiac Chemical Markers
Treatment
Cardiovascular Complications
Observation of Patients
Long-Term Prognosis
Diagnostic Evaluation
Secondary Prevention
Source Information
From the University Medical Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Hollander at the University Medical Center, Level 4, Rm. 515, Stony Brook, NY 11794-7400.
References
Related Letters:
Cocaine-Associated Myocardial Ischemia
Sofuoglu M., Derlet R. W., Horowitz B. Z., Rajput V., Sunnergren K. P., Blaho K., Merigian K., Winbery S., Hollander J. E.
Extract |
Full Text
N Engl J Med 1996;
334:535-537, Feb 22, 1996.
Correspondence
This article has been cited by other articles:
McCord, J., Jneid, H., Hollander, J. E., de Lemos, J. A., Cercek, B., Hsue, P., Gibler, W. B., Ohman, E. M., Drew, B., Philippides, G., Newby, L. K.
(2008). Management of Cocaine-Associated Chest Pain and Myocardial Infarction: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Acute Cardiac Care Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation
117: 1897-1907
[Full Text]
Page, R. L. II, Utz, K. J, Wolfel, E. E
(2007). Should {beta}-Blockers Be Used in the Treatment of Cocaine-Associated Acute Coronary Syndrome?. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
41: 2008-2013
[Abstract][Full Text]
Anderson, J. L., Adams, C. D., Antman, E. M., Bridges, C. R., Califf, R. M., Casey, D. E. Jr, Chavey, W. E. II, Fesmire, F. M., Hochman, J. S., Levin, T. N., Lincoff, A. M., Peterson, E. D., Theroux, P., Wenger, N. K., Wright, R. S., Smith, S. C. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Adams, C. D., Anderson, J. L., Antman, E. M., Halperin, J. L., Hunt, S. A., Krumholz, H. M., Kushner, F. G., Lytle, B. W., Nishimura, R., Ornato, J. P., Page, R. L., Riegel, B.
(2007). ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Developed in Collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol
50: e1-e157
[Full Text]
Anderson, J. L., Adams, C. D., Antman, E. M., Bridges, C. R., Califf, R. M., Casey, D. E. Jr, Chavey, W. E. II, Fesmire, F. M., Hochman, J. S., Levin, T. N., Lincoff, A. M., Peterson, E. D., Theroux, P., Wenger, N. K., Wright, R. S., Smith, S. C. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Adams, C. D., Anderson, J. L., Antman, E. M., Halperin, J. L., Hunt, S. A., Krumholz, H. M., Kushner, F. G., Lytle, B. W., Nishimura, R., Ornato, J. P., Page, R. L., Riegel, B.
(2007). ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Developed in Collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol
50: 652-726
[Full Text]
Karounos, M., Chang, A. M., Robey, J. L, Sease, K. L, Shofer, F. S, Follansbee, C., Hollander, J. E
(2007). TIMI risk score: does it work equally well in both males and females?. Emerg. Med. J.
24: 471-474
[Abstract][Full Text]
Williams, E.L., Endean, A.L., Edwards, C.J.
(2007). Myocardial infarction in a young man with antiphospholipid syndrome and cocaine use. Lupus
16: 444-446
[Abstract]
Marik, P. E., Varon, J.
(2007). Hypertensive Crises: Challenges and Management. Chest
131: 1949-1962
[Abstract][Full Text]
Egred, M, Davis, G K
(2005). Cocaine and the heart. Postgrad. Med. J.
81: 568-571
[Abstract][Full Text]
Satran, A., Bart, B. A., Henry, C. R., Murad, M. B., Talukdar, S., Satran, D., Henry, T. D.
(2005). Increased Prevalence of Coronary Artery Aneurysms Among Cocaine Users. Circulation
111: 2424-2429
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ketterer, M. W., Mahr, G., Cao, J. J., Hudson, M., Smith, S., Knysz, W.
(2004). What's "Unstable" in Unstable Angina?. Psychosomatics
45: 185-196
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kuczkowski, K. M.
(2004). The cocaine abusing parturient: a review of anesthetic considerations: [L'abus de cocaine chez les parturientes : une revue des aspects anesthesiques]. Canadian J. Anesthesia
51: 145-154
[Abstract][Full Text]
Keller, K. B., Lemberg, L.
(2003). The Cocaine-Abused Heart. Am J Crit Care
12: 562-566
[Full Text]
Tancredi, D. N., Shannon, M. W.
(2003). Case 30-2003 - A 21-Year-Old Man with Sudden Alteration of Mental Status. NEJM
349: 1267-1275
[Full Text]
Weber, J. E., Shofer, F. S., Larkin, G. L., Kalaria, A. S., Hollander, J. E.
(2003). Validation of a Brief Observation Period for Patients with Cocaine-Associated Chest Pain. NEJM
348: 510-517
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sun, H., Shen, M. L., Pang, Y.-P., Lockridge, O., Brimijoin, S.
(2002). Cocaine Metabolism Accelerated by a Re-Engineered Human Butyrylcholinesterase. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
302: 710-716
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sun, H., Pang, Y.-P., Lockridge, O., Brimijoin, S.
(2002). Re-engineering Butyrylcholinesterase as a Cocaine Hydrolase. Mol. Pharmacol.
62: 220-224
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nallamothu, B. K., Saint, S., Kolias, T. J., Eagle, K. A.
(2001). Of Nicks and Time. NEJM
345: 359-363
[Full Text]
Conlin, P. R., Faquin, W. C.
(2001). Case 13-2001- A 19-Year-Old Man with Bouts of Hypertension and Severe Headaches. NEJM
344: 1314-1320
[Full Text]
Braunwald, E., Antman, E. M., Beasley, J. W., Califf, R. M., Cheitlin, M. D., Hochman, J. S., Jones, R. H., Kereiakes, D., Kupersmith, J., Levin, T. N., Pepine, C. J., Schaeffer, J. W., Smith, E. E. III, Steward, D. E., Theroux, P., Gibbons, R. J., Alpert, J. S., Eagle, K. A., Faxon, D. P., Fuster, V., Gardner, T. J., Gregoratos, G., Russell, R. O., Smith, S. C. Jr
(2000). ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-st-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A report of the american college of cardiology/ american heart association task force on practice guidelines (committee on the management of patients with unstable angina). J Am Coll Cardiol
36: 970-1062
[Full Text]
Varon, J., Marik, P. E.
(2000). The Diagnosis and Management of Hypertensive Crises. Chest
118: 214-227
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ghuran, A, Nolan, J
(2000). Recreational drug misuse: issues for the cardiologist. Heart
83: 627-633
[Full Text]
Heesch, C M, Wilhelm, C R, Ristich, J, Adnane, J, Bontempo, F A, Wagner, W R
(2000). Cocaine activates platelets and increases the formation of circulating platelet containing microaggregates in humans. Heart
83: 688-695
[Abstract][Full Text]
Siegel, A. J., Sholar, M. B., Mendelson, J. H., Lukas, S. E., Kaufman, M. J., Renshaw, P. F., McDonald, J. C., Lewandrowski, K. B., Apple, F. S., Stec, J. J., Lipinska, I., Tofler, G. H., Ridker, P. M.
(1999). Cocaine-Induced Erythrocytosis and Increase in von Willebrand Factor: Evidence for Drug-Related Blood Doping and Prothrombotic Effects. Arch Intern Med
159: 1925-1929
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gibbons, R. J., Chatterjee, K., Daley, J., Douglas, J. S., Fihn, S. D., Gardin, J. M., Grunwald, M. A., Levy, D., Lytle, B. W., O'Rourke, R. A., Schafer, W. P., Williams, S. V., Ritchie, J. L., Gibbons, R. J., Cheitlin, M. D., Eagle, K. A., Gardner, T. J., Garson, A. Jr, Russell, R. O., Ryan, T. J., Smith, S. C. Jr
(1999). ACC/AHA/ACP-ASIM guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol
33: 2092-2197
[Full Text]
Jay, S. J., Hollander, J. E.
(1998). Cocaine Use and Chest Pain Syndromes. Arch Intern Med
158: 1827-1828
[Full Text]
Wilbert-Lampen, U., Seliger, C., Zilker, T., Arendt, R. M.
(1998). Cocaine Increases the Endothelial Release of Immunoreactive Endothelin and Its Concentrations in Human Plasma and Urine : Reversal by Coincubation With {sigma}-Receptor Antagonists. Circulation
98: 385-390
[Abstract][Full Text]
England, J. D., Krupski, W. C., Gutierrez, A.
(1998). Cocaine-Induced Peripheral Vascular Occlusive Disease: A Case Report. ANGIOLOGY
49: 221-224
[Abstract]
Hollander, J. E., Brooks, D. E., Valentine, S. M.
(1998). Assessment of Cocaine Use in Patients With Chest Pain Syndromes. Arch Intern Med
158: 62-66
[Abstract][Full Text]
Taylor, A. J., Farb, A., Ferguson, M., Virmani, R.
(1997). Myocardial Infarction Associated With Physical Exertion in a Young Man. Circulation
96: 3201-3204
[Full Text]
Mendelson, J. H., Mello, N. K.
(1996). Management of Cocaine Abuse and Dependence. NEJM
334: 965-972
[Full Text]
Sofuoglu, M., Derlet, R. W., Horowitz, B. Z., Rajput, V., Sunnergren, K. P., Blaho, K., Merigian, K., Winbery, S., Hollander, J. E.
(1996). Cocaine-Associated Myocardial Ischemia. NEJM
334: 535-537
[Full Text]