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Previous Volume 335:730-733 September 5, 1996 Number 10 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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Antibodies can bind with high affinity and specificity to molecules of virtually any shape and to antigens ranging from small organic compounds to large proteins. These characteristics have led to the widespread use of antibodies as laboratory reagents, in diagnostic tests, and for therapeutic purposes. The immune system produces antibodies by a process of natural selection. In this article we describe how the strategy of natural selection can be used in bacteria to produce antibodies with novel characteristics and binding properties. This technology is opening up new diagnostic and therapeutic applications of antibodies.

Antibody Production in Vivo

In vivo, antigen-driven selection governs the production . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Antibody Production in Vitro

Mimicking Immune Selection in Vitro

Applications of Phage Antibodies

Source Information

From the Departments of Anesthesia and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco.

Address reprint requests to Dr. James Marks at the Department of Anesthesia, Rm. 3C-38, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110.

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