Renal-cell carcinoma is characterized by a lack of early-warningsigns (which results in a high proportion of patients with metastases),diverse clinical manifestations, and resistance to radiotherapyand chemotherapy, and there is a potential role for immunomodulationin the inhibition of tumor growth. In this review we discussrecent developments in epidemiology, histologic classification,tumor biology, methods of diagnosis and staging, surgical techniques,and immunotherapy for patients with metastatic disease.
Epidemiology
Renal-cell carcinoma accounts for 2 percent of all cancers.1Its incidence varies among countries by a factor of 20 amongmen and by a factor of 10 among women, with . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Tumor Biology and Histogenesis
Pathological Classification and Cytogenetics
Molecular Genetic Abnormalities
Regulation of the Cell Cycle
Diagnosis
Clinical Presentation
Evaluation of Renal Masses
Surgery
Radical Nephrectomy
Nephron-Sparing Surgery
Vena Caval Involvement
Surgery in Patients with Metastatic Disease
Assignment of Stage and Prognosis
Systemic Therapy for Advanced Disease
Modifiers of Biologic Response
Future Directions
Source Information
From the Genitourinary Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (R.J.M., D.M.N.); the Department of Urology, New York Hospital (N.H.B.); and the Departments of Medicine (R.J.M., D.M.N.) and Urology (N.H.B.), Cornell University Medical College — all in New York.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Motzer at Memorial Hospital, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10021.
References
Related Letters:
Renal-Cell Carcinoma
Atkins M. B., Dutcher J. P., Grateau G., Veyssier C., Bosniak M. A., Kuopio T., Castren J., Collan Y., Motzer R. J., Bander N. H., Nanus D. M.
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Full Text
N Engl J Med 1997;
336:809-811, Mar 13, 1997.
Correspondence
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