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Previous Volume 335:1763-1764 December 5, 1996 Number 23 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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Controlled studies of surgical and other invasive procedures to treat pain are few and far between. By their very nature, such procedures are not amenable to the study designs that have become standard in pharmacologic trials.¹ Many of the procedures developed for pain management, therefore, have not been rigorously evaluated. Their study is confounded further both by the nature of pain, which is intrinsically subjective and difficult to quantify, and by the multifactorial nature of pain syndromes, which often involve psychological factors and coexisting social problems.

Neurosurgical and interventional procedures to treat pain may be grouped in three categories: anatomical, . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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