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Correspondence
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Volume 336:1454 May 15, 1997 Number 20
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Minimally Invasive Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery without Extracorporeal Circulation

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To the Editor: The term "minimally invasive surgery" is currently used for several procedures in cardiac surgery.1,2,3 Coronary-artery bypass surgery on the beating heart without extracorporeal circulation, using a small lateral approach through the fourth intercostal space, is one form of minimally invasive surgery.3

We used this technique successfully in 19 patients with isolated proximal stenoses of the left anterior descending artery and in 3 patients with isolated stenoses of the right coronary artery. By means of a 7-to-9-cm anterolateral incision and thoracotomy through the fourth intercostal space, the internal thoracic artery was taken down from the chest wall with . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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