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Over the past 10 years, dramatic changes have occurred in the discipline of urologic oncology. The use of laparoscopy and the concept of minimally invasive surgery with organ-sparing techniques have gained wide clinical acceptance. A better understanding of genitourinary anatomy has allowed modification of surgical techniques to reduce the considerable morbidity associated with major cancer surgery. Advanced imaging techniques, such as spiral computed tomographic scanning and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, have improved the accuracy of clinical staging and diagnosis. In prostate cancer, such major developments as the discovery of the tumor marker prostate-specific antigen have permanently altered the diagnosis and
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