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Historians may one day consider poliomyelitis the most notable disease of the 20th century. Only the development of penicillin can rival polio in terms of its impact on modern society and medicine. For people in most Western industrialized countries during this century, the sudden widespread outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis were their only experience of epidemics and the accompanying fear of arbitrary death that the world had known in earlier centuries. Perhaps even worse than death was the dread of permanent crippling and a lifetime of dependency. The scourge of polio at mid-century galvanized broad segments of society to work for
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